Tag: 300-400

Development of a two-photon fluorescent probe for the selective detection of β-galactosidase in living cells and tissues was written by Li, Zihong;Ren, Mingguang;Wang, Li;Dai, Lixuan;Lin, Weiying. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine in 2019.Recommanded Product: 4163-60-4 This article mentions the following:

The development of two-photon bio-imaging probes for trapping specific enzyme activities in overexpressed tissue is very practical and significant. In this work, we developed a two-photon fluorescent β-gal probe G-GAL, which was made with GCTPOC as the fluorescence reporter and a β-galactosidase cleavable crew as the enzyme activity initiator. The purpose of designing this probe was to detect β-galactosidase in living cells and tissues. The probe G-GAL has the advantage of rapid response, great fluorescence enhancement and superior specificity. Furthermore, the probe has excellent tissue penetration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Recommanded Product: 4163-60-4).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 4163-60-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Expression of a fungal exo-β-1,3-galactanase in Arabidopsis reveals a role of type II arabinogalactans in the regulation of cell shape was written by Yoshimi, Yoshihisa;Hara, Katsuya;Yoshimura, Mami;Tanaka, Nobukazu;Higaki, Takumi;Tsumuraya, Yoichi;Kotake, Toshihisa. And the article was included in Journal of Experimental Botany in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are a family of plant extracellular proteoglycans implicated in many physiol. events. AGP is decorated with type II arabinogalactans (AGs) consisting of a β-1,3-galactan backbone and β-1,6-galactan side chains, to which other sugars are attached. Based on the fact that a type II AG-specific inhibitor, β-Yariv reagent, perturbs growth and development, it has been proposed that type II AGs participate in the regulation of cell shape and tissue organization. However, the mechanisms by which type II AGs participate have not yet been established. Here, we describe a novel system that causes specific degradation of type II AGs in Arabidopsis, by which a gene encoding a fungal exo-β-1,3-galactanase that specifically hydrolyzes β-1,3-galactan backbones of type II AGs is expressed under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter. Dexamethasone treatment increased the galactanase activity, leading to a decrease in Yariv reagent-reactive AGPs in transgenic Arabidopsis. We detected the typical oligosaccharides released from type II AGs by Il3GAL in the soluble fraction, demonstrating that Il3GAL acted on type II AG in the transgenic plants. Addnl., this resulted in severe tissue disorganization in the hypocotyl and cotyledons, suggesting that the degradation of type II AGs affected the regulation of cell shape. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An integrated approach toward NanoBRET tracers for analysis of GPCR ligand engagement was written by Killoran, Michael P.;Levin, Sergiy;Boursier, Michelle E.;Zimmerman, Kristopher;Hurst, Robin;Hall, Mary P.;Machleidt, Thomas;Kirkland, Thomas A.;Ohana, Rachel Friedman. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Product Details of 330794-35-9 This article mentions the following:

Gaining insight into the pharmacol. of ligand engagement with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) under biol. relevant conditions is vital to both drug discovery and basic research. NanoLuc-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) monitoring competitive binding between fluorescent tracers and unmodified test compounds has emerged as a robust and sensitive method to quantify ligand engagement with specific GPCRs genetically fused to NanoLuc luciferase or the luminogenic HiBiT peptide. However, development of fluorescent tracers is often challenging and remains the principal bottleneck for this approach. One way to alleviate the burden of developing a specific tracer for each receptor is using promiscuous tracers, which is made possible by the intrinsic specificity of BRET. Here, we devised an integrated tracer discovery workflow that couples machine learning-guided in silico screening for scaffolds displaying promiscuous binding to GPCRs with a blend of synthetic strategies to rapidly generate multiple tracer candidates. Subsequently, these candidates were evaluated for binding in a NanoBRET ligand-engagement screen across a library of HiBiT-tagged GPCRs. Employing this workflow, we generated several promiscuous fluorescent tracers that can effectively engage multiple GPCRs, demonstrating the efficiency of this approach. We believe that this workflow has the potential to accelerate discovery of NanoBRET fluorescent tracers for GPCRs and other target classes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylcarbamate (cas: 330794-35-9Product Details of 330794-35-9).

tert-Butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylcarbamate (cas: 330794-35-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Product Details of 330794-35-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Semi-volatile organic compounds in fine particulate matter on a tropical island in the South China Sea was written by Liu, Zheng;Sun, Yuxin;Zeng, Yuan;Guan, Yufeng;Huang, Yuqi;Chen, Yuping;Li, Daning;Mo, Ling;Chen, Shejun;Mai, Bixian. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Measurements of hazardous semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in remote tropical regions are rare. In this study, polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) [including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrated PAHs (NPAHs), and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs)], organophosphate esters (OPEs), and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were measured in fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) at Yongxing Island in the South China Sea (SCS). The concentrations of PACs (median = 53.5 pg/m³) were substantially low compared with previous measurements. The concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) model showed that the eastern and southern China was the main source region of PAC, occurring largely during the northeast (NE) monsoon. The PM2.5 showed remarkably high concentrations of OPEs (median = 3231 pg/m³) and moderate concentrations of PAEs (13,013 pg/m³). Some Southeast Asian countries were largely responsible for their higher concentrations, driven by the tropical SCS monsoons. We found significant atm. loss of the SVOCs, which is an explanation for the low concentrations of PACs. Enhanced formation of N/OPAHs originated from tropical regions was also observed The pos. matrix factorization model was applied to apportion the SVOC sources. The results, as well as correlation analyses of the SVOC concentrations, further indicate insignificant local sources and enhanced atm. reactions on this island. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hypoxia-activated, small-molecule-induced gene expression was written by Collins, Sarah L.;Saha, Jaideep;Bouchez, Laure C.;Hammond, Ester M.;Conway, Stuart J.. And the article was included in ACS Chemical Biology in 2018.COA of Formula: C16H22O11 This article mentions the following:

Hypoxia, a condition of reduced oxygen, occurs in a wide variety of biol. contexts, including solid tumors and bacterial biofilms, which are relevant to human health. Consequently, the development of chem. tools to study hypoxia is vital. Here we report a hypoxia-activated, small-mol.-mediated gene expression system using a bioreductive prodrug of the inducer iso-Pr 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside. As a proof-of-concept we have placed the production of a green fluorescent protein under the control of hypoxia. Our system has the potential to be extended to regulate the production of any given protein of choice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4COA of Formula: C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analysis of 16 phthalate esters in wastewater from textile plants using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection was written by Li, Ying;Ye, XiWen;Niu, ZengYuan;He, Jing;Luo, Xin;Ma, Qiang. And the article was included in Textile Research Journal in 2021.Synthetic Route of C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a 100-娓璵 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber coupled to gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry was used to determine 16 phthalate esters (PAEs) in wastewater from textile processing plants. Some of the 16 PAEs that exist as mixtures of isomers were identified and quantified. We investigated the matrix effect and evaluated a qualification and quantitation method for determining trace amounts of PAEs in wastewater from textile processing plants. The major advantages of this approach are the reduced matrix effects from the textile wastewater and the compatibility with the standard addition method (SAM) for PAE quantitation. Moreover, the developed method has low reagent and solvent consumption, does not require clean-up or evaporation steps and involves minimal sample manipulation. Two fiber coatings, 85-娓璵 polyacrylate and 100-娓璵 PDMS, were tested. The variables affecting SPME absorption, such as the sample temperature, extraction time and salt concentration, were studied. The final conditions were an extraction temperature of 95鎺矯, an extraction time of 30 min and a salt concentration of 0.3 g/mL. The SAM was used to analyze and quantify samples. The linear range was between 5 and 20 娓璯/L, and the limits of detection of the method were between 0.5 and 5 娓璯/L. Finally, the precision of the phthalate quantitation was also evaluated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Synthetic Route of C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Synthetic Route of C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Plastic additives in ambient fine particulate matter in the Pearl River Delta, China: High-throughput characterization and health implications was written by Liu, Xiaotu;Zeng, Xiaowen;Dong, Guanghui;Venier, Marta;Xie, Qitong;Yang, Mo;Wu, Qizhen;Zhao, Fanrong;Chen, Da. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.Computed Properties of C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

Elucidation of the chem. components of airborne fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) facilitates the characterization of atm. contamination sources and associated human exposure risks. In the present study, we employed a high-throughput anal. approach to investigate the abundance and distribution of 163 plastic additives in ambient PM_2.5 collected from 94 different sites across the Pearl River Delta region, China. These chems. are from six categories, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), phthalate esters (PAEs), PAE replacements, bisphenol analogs, UV stabilizers, and antioxidants. Ninety-three of them exhibited a detection frequency greater than 50% in PM_2.5, while the combined concentrations of target plastic additives ranged from 610 to 49,400娓璯/g (median: 3500娓璯/g) across sites. By category, concentrations of PAEs (median: 2710娓璯/g) were one to three orders of magnitude greater than those of other groups, followed by PAE replacements (540娓璯/g) and OPEs (76.2娓璯/g). Chem.-dependent exposure risks to PM_2.5-bound plastic additives were characterized via the estimated daily intake and hazard quotient (HQ) approaches, which resulted in two different risk prioritization systems. Although the HQ approach suggested no or very low health concerns when considering individual chems., the complexity of co-concurrent chems. in PM_2.5 raises the concern on potential health risks from exposure to airborne particles and a cocktail of chem. components. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Computed Properties of C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Computed Properties of C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Pilot Study: Nails as a Non-invasive Biospecimen of Human Exposure to Phthalate Esters was written by Li, Chao;Jin, Yucheng;Xu, Shen;He, Huan. And the article was included in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Human biomonitoring provides a scientific approach that systematically reveals exposure to phthalates through all possible routes. In this pilot study, fingernail was chosen as a non-destructive biospecimen to assess human exposure to nine phthalates. Concentrations of total phthalates ranged from 17.8 to 176娓璯/g (median: 65.4娓璯/g). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-Bu phthalate (DBP), and di-iso-Bu phthalate were the major compounds found in fingernails, accounting for 64.3%, 19.4%, and 12.9% of the total phthalates, resp. No significant difference in phthalates concentrations was found among genders and age-related distribution (p > 0.05). The concentration of DBP was pos. correlated with participants body mass index (r = 0.83). Our results suggested that fingernail can be used as a non-invasive biospecimen for the biomonitoring of human exposure to phthalates. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between phthalates or their metabolites in fingernail and other biol. samples, such as urine and blood. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Recommanded Product: 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 绾?valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Optically active 2H-azepines: synthesis and rearrangement into their 3H-isomers was written by Hamprecht, Dieter;Josten, Jakob;Steglich, Wolfgang. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1996.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A general synthesis of optically active 2H-azepines I (R = Me, PhCH₂, R¹ = Me; R = Me, Me₃CO₂CH₂, R¹ = Bu) starting from 浼?amino acids is described. The 2H-azepines easily rearrange into the corresponding 3H-isomers II. The pungent taste of chalciporone and simple 2,7-di-Me substituted 2H-azepines is due to the 2H-azepine nucleus and is independent of the absolute configuration at C-2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Occurrence and dietary exposure risks of phthalate esters in food in the typical valley city Xi’an, Northwest China was written by Ma, Ge;Ma, Bianbian;Wang, Lijun;Tao, Wendong. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Diet is an important exposure pathway of phthalate esters (PAEs) for humans. A total of 174 food samples covering 11 food groups were collected from Xian, a typical valley city in Northwest China, and analyzed to assess the occurrence and exposure risks for PAEs in the food. Twenty-two PAEs were detected. The sum of the 22 PAEs (閳?2PAEs) varied between 0.0340 and 56.8娓璯/g, with a mean of 3.94娓璯/g. The major PAEs were di-iso-Bu phthalate (DiBP), di-Bu phthalate (DnBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), and di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP), which were associated mainly with the usage of plasticizers. Bio-availability of the PAEs in the combined gastro-intestinal fluid simulant of digestion was higher than that in the single gastric or intestinal fluid simulant. Bis(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate exhibited the highest bio-availability in each of the three simulants. Bio-availability of the PAEs was neg. correlated with the mol. weight and octanol-water partition coefficient of the PAEs and pos. correlated with the solubility and vapor pressure of the PAEs. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAEs based on national and municipal food consumption data was lower than the reference dose (RfD) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the tolerable dairy intake (TDI) of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), except for the EDI of DnBP and DiBP being higher than the TDI of EFSA. Grains and vegetables were the major sources of human dietary exposure to PAEs. The hazardous quotient for human dietary exposure to PAEs was less than the critical value of 1 and the cancer risk of Bu benzyl phthalate and DEHP was in the range of 10-11-10-6, suggesting relatively low health risks. The results indicated that human exposure to DnBP, DiBP, DEHP, DiNP, and DiDP in food is considerable and a health concern. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7HPLC of Formula: 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics