S News Research on new synthetic routes about 927-68-4

The basis of chemical reaction formula synthesis, the synthesis route is composed of some specific reactions and combined according to certain logical thinking. We look forward to the emergence of more reaction modes in the future.

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., category: esters-buliding-blocks

(1) Synthesis of (+-)-1-(2-acetoxyethyl)-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester To a dry acetone solution (500 ml) containing 31.0 g (0.218 moles) of 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester and 40.0 g (0.240 moles) of 2-bromoethyl acetate, 45 g (0.326 moles) of potassium carbonate was added to prepare a suspension, and the prepared suspension was stirred at 60C for 24 hours. After the suspension was cooled to the room temperature by leaving standing, the suspension was filtered. The filtrate was diluted with ethyl acetate (500 ml), washed with hydrochloric acid (0.1 mole/liter), water and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified in accordance with the silica gel column chromatography using a hexane/ethyl acetate mixed solvent (the ratio of the amounts by volume: 3/1) as the elution solvent, and 34.8 g (0.152 moles) of (+-)-1-(2-acetoxyethyl)-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester was obtained as a colorless transparent liquid substance. The yield was 70%. The analytical data of the obtained compound are shown in the following. FTIR (CHCl3): 2958, 1735, 1435, 1232 1H-NMR (400 MHz): 4.19 (dt, J=11.2, 6.8 Hz, 1H), one of -CH2OAc, 4.08 (dt, J=11.2, 6.8 Hz, 1H), one of -CH2OAc, 3.70 (s, 3H), -CO2CH3, 2.56 (ddd, J=12.6, 6.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), one of -CH2-C=O, 2.45 (dd, J=6.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H); 2.41 (d, J=8.4, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (dd, J=14.4, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.25 (dd, J=14.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H).-OCOCH3, 2.06-1.67 (m, 3H) 13C-NMR (100 MHz): 213.8 (C) carbon of ketone C=O, 170.8 (C) carbon of ester C=O, 170.6 (C) carbon of ester C=O, 60.9 (CH2) methylene carbon adjacent to OAc, 58.5 (C) quaternary carbon, 52.7 (CH3) methyl carbon of ester of CO2Me, 37.5 (CH2), 32.8 (CH2), 32.5 (CH2), 20.9 (CH3) methyl carbon of acetate, 19.7 (CH2) HRMS (EI): Calcd. for C11H16O5 (M+) 228.0998, Found: 228.0979

The basis of chemical reaction formula synthesis, the synthesis route is composed of some specific reactions and combined according to certain logical thinking. We look forward to the emergence of more reaction modes in the future.

Reference:
Patent; ZEON CORPORATION; EP1719746; (2006); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

9/15/2021 News Continuously updated synthesis method about 927-68-4

These compound has a wide range of applications. It is believed that with the continuous development of the source of the synthetic route 927-68-4, its application will become more common.

Some common heterocyclic compound, 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, molecular formula is C4H7BrO2, traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route. SDS of cas: 927-68-4

(2-Acetoxy-ethoxyimino)-[4-((1R,3R,7S)-9-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinoxalin-2-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester (d26) To a suspension of d25 (331.0 mg, 0.672 mmol) in MeCN-DMF (2:1) (15 mL) was added 2-bromoethyl acetate (0.156 mL, 1.344 mmol) and K2CO3 (279 mg, 2.016 mmol) at a temperature of about 25 C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at a temperature of about 25 C. for 6 hr and 60 C. for 3 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with water-saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (1:1), then extracted with AcOEt-CHCl3 (4:1) (x2). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated. The resulting yellow amorphous solid was chromatographed (silica-gel 15 g, v/MeOH (10% concentrated NH4OH)=100/0?17/3) to provide 258.2 mg of d26 as a yellow solid. (Yield 66%) d26: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-CD3OD-DCl) delta: 1.28-3.05 (m, 27H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 4.02-4.13 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.25 (m, 1H), 4.26-4.31 (m, 2H), 4.47-4.53 (m, 2H), 6.37-6.54 (m, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=7.53 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (td, J=7.93, 1.37 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dd, J=7.93, 1.51 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=8.69 Hz, 1H); LC/MS: m/z=579.4 [M+H]+ (Calc: 578).

These compound has a wide range of applications. It is believed that with the continuous development of the source of the synthetic route 927-68-4, its application will become more common.

Reference:
Patent; Shionogi & Co., Ltd.; Purdue Pharma L.P.; MARRA, Jeffrey Michael; Tsuno, Naoki; Ueno, Tatsuhiko; Zhou, Xiaoming; US2014/187544; (2014); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

10-Sep-21 News Some tips on 927-68-4

At the same time, in my other blogs, there are other synthetic methods of this type of compound, 2-Bromoethyl acetate, and friends who are interested can also refer to it.

Application of 927-68-4, As we all know, there are many different methods for the synthesis of a compound, and people can choose the synthesis method that suits their own laboratory according to the actual situation. 927-68-4 name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, This compound is widely used in many fields, so it is necessary to find a new synthetic route. The downstream synthesis method of this compound is introduced below.

To a solution of 2-methoxy-5-nitro-phenol (1.0 g, 5.9 MMOL) in dry DMF (20 ML), under N2, was added K2CO3 (1. 1 eq. , 0.9 g) and 2-BROMOETHYL acetate (1.1 eq, 0.714 ML). After heating to 60 C for 4 hours, a saturated solution of NH4CI was added and the mixture was extracted with DICHLOROMETHANE. The organic phase was washed with water, dried over NA2SO4, filtered and then concentrated in vacuo, to give 1.5 g of the crude intermediate compound. This was dissolved in dry methanol (34 ML) and MeONa (31 mg, 0.58 MMOL) was added. After 1H an excess of Amberlite IR120 (H+ FORM) was added, the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DICHLOROMETHANE and washed with NAOH 0.1 N and water. The organic phase was dried over NA2SO4, filtered and then concentrated in vacuo, to give 1.1 g of the title compound as a pale yellow solid (m. p. 115 C). NMR ( H, CDCI3) : No. 7. 95 (dd, 1 H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 6.94 (d, 1H), 4.21 (t, 2H), 4.03 (t, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.3 (bs, 1H). MS (M/Z) : 214 [MH] +.

At the same time, in my other blogs, there are other synthetic methods of this type of compound, 2-Bromoethyl acetate, and friends who are interested can also refer to it.

Reference:
Patent; GLAXO GROUP LIMITED; WO2004/89897; (2004); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Extracurricular laboratory: Synthetic route of C4H7BrO2

The synthetic route of 927-68-4 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

In the next few decades, the world population will flourish. As the population grows rapidly and people all over the world use more and more resources, all industries must consider their environmental impact. 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate belongs to esters-buliding-blocks compound, it is a common compound, a new synthetic route is introduced below. HPLC of Formula: C4H7BrO2

500 mg of the resulting product 6,7-dihydroxy-4- anilinoquinazoline obtained in step 5 of Embodiment 9 was added with 903 mg of 2-bromoethyl acetate, 1.24 g of anhydrous potassium carbonate, 150mg of potassium iodide and 10 ml of dry DMF. The system was reacted overnight at 50C. and followed by TLC until the reaction finished. The reaction solution was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was directly put into the next step of reaction without separation.10178] The crude product was dissolved in 20 ml of methanol and then added with 500 mg of KOH. The system was reacted overnight at room temperature and followed by TLC until the reaction finished. The reaction solution was directly concentrated in vacuum and separated by column chromatography to obtain 520 mg of the resulting product 2,2?-(4-(3- ethynylaniline)quinazoline-6,7-diene) di(oxy)diethanol(79%).j0179] ESI mlz 366.0 (M+H)

The synthetic route of 927-68-4 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Patent; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhang, Yanmei; Ding, Ke; Liao, Jinxi; Wang, Yican; Chen, Panyu; (27 pag.)US2016/175453; (2016); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New downstream synthetic route of 927-68-4

Application of 927-68-4, In the chemical reaction process, reaction time, type of solvent, can easily affect the result of the reaction, thereby determining the yield and properties of the reaction product. An updated downstream synthesis route of 927-68-4 as follows.

Application of 927-68-4, In the chemical reaction process, reaction time, type of solvent, can easily affect the result of the reaction, thereby determining the yield and properties of the reaction product. An updated downstream synthesis route of 927-68-4 as follows.

EXAMPLE 128a Preparation of intermediate Acetic acid 2-(2-formyl-4-methyl-phenoxy)-ethyl ester To a solution of 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzaldehyde (2.4 g, 18 mmol) (Aldrich) in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) was added cesium carbonate (6 g, 18 mmo), potassium iodide (3 g, 18 mmol) and 2-bromoethyl acetate (7 g, 42 mmol), Aldrich). The reaction mixture was heated at 100 C. for 3 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethyl ether, washed with water, brine, separated, and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography (EtOAc:Hexanes=1:6) to give acetic acid 2-(2-formyl-4-methyl-phenoxy)-ethyl ester as a yellow oil (Yield 4 g, 100%).

According to the analysis of related databases, 927-68-4, the application of this compound in the production field has become more and more popular.

Reference:
Patent; Chen, Li; Ding, Qingjie; Liu, Jin-Jun; Yang, Song; Zhang, Zhuming; US2007/213341; (2007); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The origin of a common compound about 2-Bromoethyl acetate

Each compound has different characteristics, and only by selecting the characteristics of the compound suitable for a specific situation can the compound be applied on a large scale. 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, This compound has unique chemical properties. The synthetic route is as follows., Product Details of 927-68-4

Each compound has different characteristics, and only by selecting the characteristics of the compound suitable for a specific situation can the compound be applied on a large scale. 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, This compound has unique chemical properties. The synthetic route is as follows., Product Details of 927-68-4

In a 40 mL reaction vial under nitrogen gas, was added (1977) 2-amino-5-bromopyridin-3-ol (0.320 g, 1.693 mmol) and DMF (5 mL). The mixture was cooled to 5 C and NaH (0.102 g, 2.54 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 5 C for 1 hour. Next, 2-bromoethyl acetate (0.283 mL, 2.54 mmol) was introduced neat via a syringe. The reaction mixture was stirred at 5 C and slowly warmed to room temperature overnight. The mixture was cooled to 5 C and carefully diluted with water. Ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated and the organics were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford (1978) 2-((2-amino-5-bromopyridin-3-yl)oxy)ethyl acetate as a tan oil (0.45 g, 97%). LC-MS: M+1= 275/277, rt = 0.52 min, [Al].

According to the analysis of related databases, 927-68-4, the application of this compound in the production field has become more and more popular.

Reference:
Patent; BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY; DYCKMAN, Alaric J.; DODD, Dharmpal S.; HAQUE, Tasir Shamsul; LOMBARDO, Louis J.; MACOR, John E.; MUSSARI, Christopher P.; PASUNOORI, Laxman; RATNA KUMAR, Sreekantha; SHERWOOD, Trevor C.; POSY, Shoshana L.; SISTLA, Ramesh Kumar; HEGDE, Subramaya; RAMACHANDRA, Anupama; (425 pag.)WO2018/5586; (2018); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The important role of 927-68-4

Electric Literature of 927-68-4, A common heterocyclic compound, 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, molecular formula is C4H7BrO2, its traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route.

Electric Literature of 927-68-4, A common heterocyclic compound, 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, molecular formula is C4H7BrO2, its traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route.

EXAMPLE 50; 2-(Acetyloxy)ethyl 1-ethyl-5-[(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)amino]-6-oxo-3-(2-thienyl)-1,6- dihydropyridazine-4-carboxylate; A mixture of the title product of Preparation 35 (0.15g, 0.42 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.17g, 12.63 mmol) and 2-bromoethylacetate (77.2 mg, 0.46 mmol) in dimethylformamide (4 ml) were heated at 50C for 4h. Once at room temperature, solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (CH2CI2:MeOH 99: 1 as eluent). 0.13 g (68%) of the desired final product were isolated. m. p.: 161.0-161.6C No. (DMSO-d6): 1.4 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3 H) 1.9 (s, 3 H) 2.2 (s, 2 H) 3.4 (m, 3 H) 3.9 (m, 2 H) 4.2 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2 H) 7.0 (m, 2 H) 7.3 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1 H) 7.6 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1 H) 8.3 (s, 1 H) 8.3 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1 H) 9.0 (s, 1 H)

The synthetic route of 927-68-4 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Patent; ALMIRALL PRODESFARMA, S.A.; WO2005/123693; (2005); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Research on new synthetic routes about 927-68-4

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., Recommanded Product: 927-68-4

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., Recommanded Product: 927-68-4

(1) Synthesis of (+-)-1-(2-acetoxyethyl)-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester To a dry acetone solution (500 ml) containing 31.0 g (0.218 moles) of 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester and 40.0 g (0.240 moles) of 2-bromoethyl acetate, 45 g (0.326 moles) of potassium carbonate was added to prepare a suspension, and the prepared suspension was stirred at 60C for 24 hours. After the suspension was cooled to the room temperature by leaving standing, the suspension was filtered. The filtrate was diluted with ethyl acetate (500 ml), washed with hydrochloric acid (0.1 mole/liter), water and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified in accordance with the silica gel column chromatography using a hexane/ethyl acetate mixed solvent (the ratio of the amounts by volume: 3/1) as the elution solvent, and 34.8 g (0.152 moles) of (+-)-1-(2-acetoxyethyl)-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester was obtained as a colorless transparent liquid substance. The yield was 70%. The analytical data of the obtained compound are shown in the following. FTIR (CHCl3): 2958, 1735, 1435, 1232 1H-NMR (400 MHz): 4.19 (dt, J=11.2, 6.8 Hz, 1H), one of -CH2OAc, 4.08 (dt, J=11.2, 6.8 Hz, 1H), one of -CH2OAc, 3.70 (s, 3H), -CO2CH3, 2.56 (ddd, J=12.6, 6.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), one of -CH2-C=O, 2.45 (dd, J=6.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H); 2.41 (d, J=8.4, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (dd, J=14.4, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.25 (dd, J=14.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H).-OCOCH3, 2.06-1.67 (m, 3H) 13C-NMR (100 MHz): 213.8 (C) carbon of ketone C=O, 170.8 (C) carbon of ester C=O, 170.6 (C) carbon of ester C=O, 60.9 (CH2) methylene carbon adjacent to OAc, 58.5 (C) quaternary carbon, 52.7 (CH3) methyl carbon of ester of CO2Me, 37.5 (CH2), 32.8 (CH2), 32.5 (CH2), 20.9 (CH3) methyl carbon of acetate, 19.7 (CH2) HRMS (EI): Calcd. for C11H16O5 (M+) 228.0998, Found: 228.0979

The basis of chemical reaction formula synthesis, the synthesis route is composed of some specific reactions and combined according to certain logical thinking. We look forward to the emergence of more reaction modes in the future.

Reference:
Patent; ZEON CORPORATION; EP1719746; (2006); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Continuously updated synthesis method about 2-Bromoethyl acetate

Some common heterocyclic compound, 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, molecular formula is C4H7BrO2, traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route. COA of Formula: C4H7BrO2

Some common heterocyclic compound, 927-68-4, name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, molecular formula is C4H7BrO2, traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route. COA of Formula: C4H7BrO2

(2-Acetoxy-ethoxyimino)-[4-((1R,3R,7S)-9-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinoxalin-2-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester (d26) To a suspension of d25 (331.0 mg, 0.672 mmol) in MeCN-DMF (2:1) (15 mL) was added 2-bromoethyl acetate (0.156 mL, 1.344 mmol) and K2CO3 (279 mg, 2.016 mmol) at a temperature of about 25 C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at a temperature of about 25 C. for 6 hr and 60 C. for 3 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with water-saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (1:1), then extracted with AcOEt-CHCl3 (4:1) (x2). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated. The resulting yellow amorphous solid was chromatographed (silica-gel 15 g, v/MeOH (10% concentrated NH4OH)=100/0?17/3) to provide 258.2 mg of d26 as a yellow solid. (Yield 66%) d26: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3-CD3OD-DCl) delta: 1.28-3.05 (m, 27H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 4.02-4.13 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.25 (m, 1H), 4.26-4.31 (m, 2H), 4.47-4.53 (m, 2H), 6.37-6.54 (m, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=7.53 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (td, J=7.93, 1.37 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dd, J=7.93, 1.51 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=8.69 Hz, 1H); LC/MS: m/z=579.4 [M+H]+ (Calc: 578).

These compound has a wide range of applications. It is believed that with the continuous development of the source of the synthetic route 927-68-4, its application will become more common.

Reference:
Patent; Shionogi & Co., Ltd.; Purdue Pharma L.P.; MARRA, Jeffrey Michael; Tsuno, Naoki; Ueno, Tatsuhiko; Zhou, Xiaoming; US2014/187544; (2014); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Some tips on 2-Bromoethyl acetate

Synthetic Route of 927-68-4, As we all know, there are many different methods for the synthesis of a compound, and people can choose the synthesis method that suits their own laboratory according to the actual situation. 927-68-4 name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, This compound is widely used in many fields, so it is necessary to find a new synthetic route. The downstream synthesis method of this compound is introduced below.

Synthetic Route of 927-68-4, As we all know, there are many different methods for the synthesis of a compound, and people can choose the synthesis method that suits their own laboratory according to the actual situation. 927-68-4 name is 2-Bromoethyl acetate, This compound is widely used in many fields, so it is necessary to find a new synthetic route. The downstream synthesis method of this compound is introduced below.

To a solution of 2-methoxy-5-nitro-phenol (1.0 g, 5.9 MMOL) in dry DMF (20 ML), under N2, was added K2CO3 (1. 1 eq. , 0.9 g) and 2-BROMOETHYL acetate (1.1 eq, 0.714 ML). After heating to 60 C for 4 hours, a saturated solution of NH4CI was added and the mixture was extracted with DICHLOROMETHANE. The organic phase was washed with water, dried over NA2SO4, filtered and then concentrated in vacuo, to give 1.5 g of the crude intermediate compound. This was dissolved in dry methanol (34 ML) and MeONa (31 mg, 0.58 MMOL) was added. After 1H an excess of Amberlite IR120 (H+ FORM) was added, the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DICHLOROMETHANE and washed with NAOH 0.1 N and water. The organic phase was dried over NA2SO4, filtered and then concentrated in vacuo, to give 1.1 g of the title compound as a pale yellow solid (m. p. 115 C). NMR ( H, CDCI3) : No. 7. 95 (dd, 1 H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 6.94 (d, 1H), 4.21 (t, 2H), 4.03 (t, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.3 (bs, 1H). MS (M/Z) : 214 [MH] +.

At the same time, in my other blogs, there are other synthetic methods of this type of compound, 2-Bromoethyl acetate, and friends who are interested can also refer to it.

Reference:
Patent; GLAXO GROUP LIMITED; WO2004/89897; (2004); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics