Category: 84-61-7

PAEs and PBDEs in plastic fragments and wetland sediments in Yangtze estuary was written by Deng, Hua;Li, Ruilong;Yan, Beizhan;Li, Bowen;Chen, Qiqing;Hu, Hui;Xu, Yong;Shi, Huahong. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2021.Quality Control of Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

Phthalates (PAEs) and polybrominated di-Ph ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as additives in various plastic products. Because of their ubiquity and potential hazards to the environment, they have attracted widespread attention. This research supports the addition critical data of the concentration and distribution of PAEs and PBDEs in the plastic fragments and wetland sediments in Yangtze Estuary. The concentrations of 鍗?PAEs and 鍗?PBDEs in the plastic samples in Yangtze Estuary wetlands were 26.8-4241.8娓璯/g and n.d. (no detectable) to 250.1娓璯/g, resp. The sixteen PAEs and eight PBDEs varied from 35.9 to 36225.2 ng/g and 3.9-253.0 ng/g in sediment samples. The dominant types of these chems. in plastic and sediment samples were diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di-Bu phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DEHP) and BDE-209. According to correlation anal. and principal component anal., the major sources of additives in sediment were associated with the leak from plastic fragment and microplastic. Based on the equilibrium partitioning theory and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SeQGs), the ecol. risk of PAEs (high risk) and PBDEs (moderate risk) were evaluated. Overall, the investigated area has been moderately polluted by additives and microplastics; therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the control of environmental input of plastic waste. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Quality Control of Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Quality Control of Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in Tunisian marine samples: Occurrence, spatial distribution and seasonal variation was written by Jebara, Amel;Albergamo, Ambrogina;Rando, Rossana;Potorti, Angela Giorgia;Lo Turco, Vincenzo;Mansour, Hedi Ben;Di Bella, Giuseppa. And the article was included in Marine Pollution Bulletin in 2021.Computed Properties of C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

Seawater, sediment, seagrass and fish from several sites along the Tunisian coast were monitored for several phthalate esters (PAEs) and non-phthalate plasticizers (NPPs) during 2018-2019. In water and sediment, NPPs were higher than PAEs, being di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, 0.0717 and 4.59娓璯/g), and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT, 0.634 and 2.42娓璯/g) most abundant. As expected, sediments acted as a sink for plasticizers, thus revealing a stronger contamination than water. Seagrass was less contaminated than fish, being DEHP (0.726 and 1.77娓璯/g) and DEHT (9.19 and 23.2娓璯/g) predominant. Biota poorly concductivity/accumulated plasticizers from water and sediment depending on the logKoct/wat and water solubility of single congeners. The spatial distribution of plasticizers was affected by the proximity to anthropogenic sources and the rate of coastal currents; whereas their seasonal variation may be related to the length of time of touristic/industrial inputs and factors such as rainfall and urban stormwater runoff. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Computed Properties of C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Computed Properties of C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Accumulation and translocation of traditional and novel organophosphate esters and phthalic acid esters in plants during the whole life cycle was written by Fan, Yun;Zeng, Yuan;Huang, Yu-Qi;Guan, Yu-Feng;Sun, Yu-Xin;Chen, She-Jun;Mai, Bi-Xian. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Synthetic Route of C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widespread contaminants in the environment. The variations of these chems. in plants throughout their life cycle is little known. In this study, OPEs, OPE metabolites, and PAEs in peanut and corn grown under field conditions, soil, and air were measured to understand the uptake and translocation, distributions in the plant compartments, and metabolism in the plants. The soil concentrations showed an enrichment effect of OPEs onto the rhizosphere soil but a depletion effect of PAEs on rhizosphere soils. The PAE concentrations between peanut (with a mean of 1295 ng/g dw) and corn (3339 ng/g dw) were significantly different, but the OPE concentrations were not significantly different (with means of 15.6 and 19.2 ng/g dw, resp.). OPE metabolites were also detected in the plants, with lower concentrations and detection rates. Similarities and differences in the temporal variations of the concentrations of traditional OPEs, novel OPEs, and PAEs in plants during their growth were observed The variations were dependent on both plant species and particular tissues. The leaf compartment is the most important reservoir of OPEs and PAEs (but not OPE metabolites) for both species, highlighting the importance of an aerial uptake pathway. The chems. have a low potential to be translocated into peanut and corn kernels, reducing their risks via food consumption. Less hydrophobic compounds have higher root concentration factors in this study. These observations differ from those of previous hydroponic experiments In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Synthetic Route of C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Synthetic Route of C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of a green alternative vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for the analysis of phthalate esters in soft drinks was written by Santana-Mayor, Alvaro;Herrera-Herrera, Antonio V.;Rodriguez-Ramos, Ruth;Socas-Rodriguez, Barbara;Rodriguez-Delgado, Miguel Angel. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2021.Quality Control of Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

A new green alternative vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on a natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was developed for the extraction of 14 phthalic acid esters and one adipate in cold infusions and tonic waters. Analyses were carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatog. coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Different eutectic mixtures based on the monoterpene thymol (essential oil of thyme) and medium-chain fatty acids (octanoic and decanoic acids) at different molar ratios were tested in this regard. The effect of different factors affecting extraction efficiency was optimized through a systematic approach. The method was validated by means of precision, matrix-matched calibration, recovery, and repeatability studies using two different deuterated surrogate standards (di-Bu phthalate-3,4,5,6-d₄ and dihexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d₄). The method proved to be linear (determination coefficients were higher than 0.9912) with normalized recoveries in the range between 71 and 124% (except for di-n-octyl phthalate at a low concentration level in tonic water [63%]). Then, the method was applied for the anal. of the selected compounds in 3 pineapple/green tea-based cold infusions and 8 tonic beverages. Finally, the greenness of the procedure was assessed using the Anal. Eco-Scale. This paper represents the first application of this natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the anal. of phthalate esters, and, also the first time, these compounds are analyzed in cold infusion and tonic water. A green method was developed for the anal. of phthalate esters in soft drinks using natural hydrophobic eutectic solvents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Quality Control of Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Quality Control of Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pollution characteristics and exposure risks of PAEs in PM_2.5 of indoor environment on university campus was written by Wu, Qianlan;Lei, Jingzheng;Wang, Lijun. And the article was included in Huanjing Kexue Yanjiu in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

In order to determine the pollution characteristics of PM_2.5 and PM_2.5-bound phthalate esters (PAEs) and the risk of teachers and students exposed to PM_2.5-bound PAEs in campus indoor environment, 52 indoor PM_2.5 samples were collected at six sampling sites on the Chang閳ョ瀽n campus of Shaanxi Normal University in autumn and winter. The concentration of 22 PAEs was determined by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometer, the composition and spatial and temporal distribution of PAEs were studied, and the health risks of teachers and students exposed to PM_2.5-bound PAEs were evaluated. The results showed that: (1) The total concentration of the 22 PAEs at different sampling sites ranged from 237 to 413 娓璯/m³, and the sum of 6 priority PAEs ranged from 4.81 to 7.47 娓璯/m³. The predominant PAEs of indoor PM_2.5 were diisobutyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate, which were non-priority PAEs and much higher than those of 6 priority PAEs. (2) The detection rate of 6 priority PAEs was different at different sampling sites. Six priority PAEs were detected in library and classrooms, four priority PAEs were detected in student apartments, and only three priority PAEs were detected in family area. (3) Seasonal changes impacted the concentration of indoor PM_2.5 and PM_2.5-bound PAEs. The average concentration of indoor PM_2.5 in winter (58.3 娓璯/m³) was higher than that in autumn (55.4 娓璯/m³). The concentration of 6 priority PAEs in Dec. was in the range of 0.250-3.86 娓璯/m³, which was significantly higher than that in autumn months. (4) The source anal. results of principal component anal. and cluster anal. showed that PAEs of campus indoor PM_2.5 were mainly related to the emission of indoor decoration materials, the use of ink, cosmetics and personal care products of students, the application of plasticizers, and the release of coatings. (5) The health risk assessment results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk of 6 priority PAEs was low, and the carcinogenic risk of benzyl Bu phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was below 1鑴?0^-6 and could be ignored. The research showed that the pollution of PM_2.5 and the concentration and composition of PM_2.5-bound PAEs varied in different indoor environments on campus. The non-carcinogenic risk of teachers and students exposed to six priority PAEs of indoor PM_2.5 was relatively low, and the carcinogenic risk was negligible. However, much attention should be paid to the pollution and risk of non-priority PAEs in the environment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7HPLC of Formula: 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.HPLC of Formula: 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of phthalate esters on soil microbial community under different planting patterns in Northern China: Case study of Hebei Province was written by Zhou, Bin;Zhao, Lixia;Sun, Yang;Li, Xiaojing;Weng, Liping;Xue, Yong;Li, Yongtao. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Reference of 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Soil microorganisms are biol. factors involved in the farmland environment. The factors that shape soil microbial communities and how these are influenced by geog. location, planting pattern (open-field or greenhouse), and soil organic pollutants (phthalate esters, PAEs) remain poorly understood at large scales. Using 16 S rRNA gene and ITS sequencing, we characterized the soil microbiota in open-field and greenhouse soils in Hebei Province, China, and correlated their structure and composition to geog. location, planting pattern and PAEs. Compared with geog. location, planting pattern is more decisive for shaping soil microbes and has more significant effects on bacteria, and the effects are shaped by the number and types of core OTUs. PAEs participated in the shaping of soil microbial communities by altering the relative abundances of dominant microorganisms in the two planting patterns, and the effects of PAEs with high Kow were more significant. PAEs have a greater impact on bacteria than fungi in both planting patterns. Bacteria in the greenhouse soil were sensitive to the 9 kinds of PAEs detected, however in the open-field samples, mainly responded to PAEs with high Kow and rarely respond to PAEs with low Kow. DEHP and DBP, as two monomers with the highest concentration, have significant effects on dominant genera of microorganisms under both planting patterns, with inhibiting effect on bacteria and significantly promotion on fungi. Our study clarified the factors that have a substantial impact on soil microorganisms at the provincial scale and the mechanisms involved in shaping soil microbial community structure, as well as the significant impact of PAEs on soil microbial dominant microorganisms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Reference of 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 绾?valerolactone.Reference of 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Risk assessment of agricultural plastic films based on release kinetics of phthalate acid esters was written by Wang, Yu;Wang, Fang;Xiang, Leilei;Gu, Chenggang;Redmile-Gordon, Marc;Sheng, Hongjie;Wang, Ziquan;Fu, Yuhao;Bian, Yongrong;Jiang, Xin. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.COA of Formula: C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

Plastic films have become an integral part of fruit and vegetable production systems, but their release of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) is a threat to human health. The release kinetics of PAEs and measures of risk are still not well understood. We investigated 50 agricultural films, with concentrations ranging from 2.59 to 282,000 mg kg^-1. The seven com. available film types included were polyvinylchloride (PVC), metallocene polyethylene (mPE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyolefin (PO), and three mulch films. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was detected in most of films, and its release fitted well into the first-order kinetic model. The release rate of DEHP was neg. related to the film thickness. The potential carcinogenic risks of DEHP in the air of six kinds of plastic greenhouses to human health were estimated We found that the carcinogenic risks associated with PVC and mPE greenhouse films warrant greater attention. Though EVA, PO greenhouse, and mulch films were lower risk, we advise keeping plastic greenhouses well ventilated during the first month of use to reduce direct human exposure to volatile PAEs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7COA of Formula: C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Determination of 18 phthalate plasticizers in waste cotton by solid phase extraction gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was written by Tie, Jiancheng;Liu, Rui;Long, Zhixin;Liu, Jun;Zhu, Peng. And the article was included in Fenxi Shiyanshi in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

A solid phase extraction-gas chromatog. tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-GC/MS) method was established for the anal. of 18 phthalate plasticizers in waste cotton. The research results showed that when the sample was extracted with Et acetate-n-hexane (1: 3, V/V), enriched and purified with the HC-C₁₈ solid phase extraction column, separated with the HP-5 MS capillary column, analyzed with the selected ion scanning (SIM) mode and external standard method for quantification, good linear relationships were found for 18 plasticizers in the range of 0.1-10 娓璯/mL (DIHP, DINP, DIDP were 0.5-50 娓璯/mL). The correlation coefficient was 0.9959-1.0000, the detection limit was 0.051-1.73 娓璯/g, and the quantification limit was 0.24-6.94 娓璯/g, resp. At the spiked levels of 0.2, 1, and 5 娓璯/mL, the recoveries of the 18 plasticizers were 82.2-104.7%, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were 1.1-7.9% and 0.8-8.3%, resp. This method is suitable for the anal. of phthalate plasticizers in waste cotton. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Risk assessment of agricultural plastic films based on release kinetics of phthalate acid esters was written by Wang, Yu;Wang, Fang;Xiang, Leilei;Gu, Chenggang;Redmile-Gordon, Marc;Sheng, Hongjie;Wang, Ziquan;Fu, Yuhao;Bian, Yongrong;Jiang, Xin. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.COA of Formula: C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

Plastic films have become an integral part of fruit and vegetable production systems, but their release of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) is a threat to human health. The release kinetics of PAEs and measures of risk are still not well understood. We investigated 50 agricultural films, with concentrations ranging from 2.59 to 282,000 mg kg^-1. The seven com. available film types included were polyvinylchloride (PVC), metallocene polyethylene (mPE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyolefin (PO), and three mulch films. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was detected in most of films, and its release fitted well into the first-order kinetic model. The release rate of DEHP was neg. related to the film thickness. The potential carcinogenic risks of DEHP in the air of six kinds of plastic greenhouses to human health were estimated We found that the carcinogenic risks associated with PVC and mPE greenhouse films warrant greater attention. Though EVA, PO greenhouse, and mulch films were lower risk, we advise keeping plastic greenhouses well ventilated during the first month of use to reduce direct human exposure to volatile PAEs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7COA of Formula: C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Determination of 18 phthalate plasticizers in waste cotton by solid phase extraction gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was written by Tie, Jiancheng;Liu, Rui;Long, Zhixin;Liu, Jun;Zhu, Peng. And the article was included in Fenxi Shiyanshi in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

A solid phase extraction-gas chromatog. tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-GC/MS) method was established for the anal. of 18 phthalate plasticizers in waste cotton. The research results showed that when the sample was extracted with Et acetate-n-hexane (1: 3, V/V), enriched and purified with the HC-C₁₈ solid phase extraction column, separated with the HP-5 MS capillary column, analyzed with the selected ion scanning (SIM) mode and external standard method for quantification, good linear relationships were found for 18 plasticizers in the range of 0.1-10 渭g/mL (DIHP, DINP, DIDP were 0.5-50 渭g/mL). The correlation coefficient was 0.9959-1.0000, the detection limit was 0.051-1.73 渭g/g, and the quantification limit was 0.24-6.94 渭g/g, resp. At the spiked levels of 0.2, 1, and 5 渭g/mL, the recoveries of the 18 plasticizers were 82.2-104.7%, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were 1.1-7.9% and 0.8-8.3%, resp. This method is suitable for the anal. of phthalate plasticizers in waste cotton. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics