Category: 624-49-7

Zhou, Wei published the artcileTetrachlorophthalimides as Organocatalytic Acceptors for Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation, Computed Properties of 624-49-7, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2022), 144(20), 8914-8919, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Herein, the available electron-poor tetrachlorophthalimides I (R = Ph, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) can act as effective organocatalytic acceptors to trigger the formation of EDA complexes with a variety of radical precursors not amenable to previous catalytic methods. Excitation with visible light generates carbon radicals under mild conditions. The versatility of this EDA complex catalytic platform allowed to develop mechanistically distinct radical reactions, including in combination with a cobalt-based catalytic system. Quantum yield measurements established that a closed catalytic cycle is operational, which hints at the ability of tetrachlorophthalimides I to readily turn over and govern each catalytic cycle.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C19H34ClN, Computed Properties of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Hui published the artcileSelective Coupling of 1,2-Bis-Boronic Esters at the more Substituted Site through Visible-Light Activation of Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes, Safety of Dimethyl fumarate, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2022), 61(18), e202202061, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

1,2-Bis-boronic esters are useful synthetic intermediates particularly as the two boronic esters can be selectively functionalized. Usually, the less hindered primary boronic ester reacts, but herein, we report a coupling reaction that enables the reversal of this selectivity. This is achieved through the formation of a boronate complex with an electron-rich aryllithium which, in the presence of an electron-deficient aryl nitrile, leads to the formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex. Following visible-light photoinduced electron transfer, a primary radical is generated which isomerizes to the more stable secondary radical before radical-radical coupling with the arene radical-anion, giving β-aryl primary boronic ester products. The reactions proceed under catalyst-free conditions. This method also allows stereodivergent coupling of cyclic cis-1,2-bis-boronic esters to provide trans-substituted products, complementing the selectivity observed in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C3H6O2, Safety of Dimethyl fumarate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Holman, Samuel D. L. published the artcileElectrochemical Synthesis of Isoxazolines: Method and Mechanism, Quality Control of 624-49-7, the publication is Chemistry – A European Journal (2022), 28(13), e202103728, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

An electrochem. method for the green and practical synthesis of a broad range of substituted isoxazoline cores is presented. Both aryl and more challenging alkyl aldoximes are converted to the desired isoxazoline in an electrochem. enabled regio- and diastereoselective reaction with electron-deficient alkenes. Addnl., in-situ reaction monitoring methods compatible with electrochem. equipment have been developed in order to probe the reaction pathway. Supporting analyses from kinetic (time-course) modeling and d. functional theory support a stepwise, radical-mediated mechanism, and discounts hypothesised involvement of closed shell [3+2] cycloaddition pathways.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Quality Control of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ting, Stephen I. published the artcileOxidative Addition of Aryl Halides to a Ni(I)-Bipyridine Complex, SDS of cas: 624-49-7, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2022), 144(12), 5575-5582, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The oxidative addition of aryl halides to bipyridine- or phenanthroline-ligated Ni(I) is a commonly proposed step in Ni catalysis. However, there is a scarcity of complexes of this type that both are well-defined and undergo oxidative addition with aryl halides, hampering organometallic studies of this process. The authors report the synthesis of a well-defined Ni(I) complex, [(^CO2Etbpy)Ni^ICl]₄ (1). Its solution-phase speciation was characterized by a significant population of monomer and a redox equilibrium that can be perturbed by π-acceptors and σ-donors. 1 reacts readily with aryl bromides, and mechanistic studies are consistent with a pathway proceeding through an initial Ni(I) → Ni(III) oxidative addition to form a Ni(III) aryl species. Such a process was demonstrated stoichiometrically for the 1st time, affording a structurally characterized Ni(III) aryl complex.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C10H9IO4, SDS of cas: 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Cheng published the artcileDimethyl fumarate ameliorates stress urinary incontinence by reversing ECM remodeling via the Nrf2-TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in mice., Quality Control of 624-49-7, the publication is International urogynecology journal (2022), 33(5), 1231-1242, database is MEDLINE.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Mechanical trauma and oxidative injury are involved in the pathogenesis of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and oxidative stress (OS) is considered a potential therapeutic target. The antioxidant properties of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a potent activator of Nrf2, have been highlighted recently. We therefore predicted that DMF might have therapeutic effects on mechanical trauma-induced SUI. METHODS: The SUI mice model was established by vaginal distension (VD). Leak point pressure (LPP), serum OS biomarkers, cell proliferation and apoptosis, collagen, elastin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), Nrf2, the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, and the associated tissue growth factors in the anterior vaginal wall were measured in either wild-type or Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2^–/^–) female C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS: The results showed that DMF improved the VD-induced LPP reduction, alleviated oxidative injury, stimulated cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in the anterior vaginal wall tissue of mice. Moreover, DMF treatment reduced the hydrolysis of ECM proteins by MMP2 and MMP9. The above effects may be mediated by a series of tissue growth factors, including α-SMA, PAI-1, and TIMP-2, with the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway as the core regulatory mechanism. In further study, Nrf2^–/^– mice were used to replicate the SUI model. And the difference is that DMF failed to reactivate the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, nor did it improve LPP. CONCLUSIONS: Dimethyl fumarate can ameliorate urethra closure dysfunction in the VD-induced SUI mice model, and the therapeutic effect of DMF is mediated by the Nrf2-dominated antioxidant system and its downstream TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

International urogynecology journal published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Quality Control of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pan, Haiyan published the artcileDimethyl fumarate improves cognitive impairment by enhancing hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in hypothyroid rats., Application of Dimethyl fumarate, the publication is BMC endocrine disorders (2022), 22(1), 188, database is MEDLINE.

BACKGROUND: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective drug for multiple sclerosis and can improve the cognitive dysfunction caused by streptozotocin, but the effect on cognitive dysfunction caused by hypothyroidism is unclear. METHODS: After the hypothyroidism rat model induced by propylthiouracil, we gave rats 25 mg/kg DMF by gavage. The body weight during model building and administration was recorded. The levels of T4 and T3 in serum were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Morris water maze test was used to detect the effect of DMF on cognitive learning ability. The effect of DMF on Nissl bodies in the brain tissue was evaluated by Nissl staining. The mRNA and protein levels of BDNF in brain tissue were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The degrees of p-AKT/AKT and p-CREB/CREB in brain tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: After DMF treatment, the body weight of hypothyroid rats recovered, and the levels of T3 and T4 in the serum were ameliorated. DMF also reduced the escape latency and distance traveled, and increased the swim speed. The number of Nissl bodies and expression of BDNF, p-AKT/AKT, and p-CREB/CREB in the brain tissue were increased after DMF treatment. CONCLUSION: DMF improved the cognitive dysfunction of hypothyroid rats by increasing the level of BDNF in the brain tissue of hypothyroid rats.

BMC endocrine disorders published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Application of Dimethyl fumarate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tang, Yun published the artcileDimethyl fumarate attenuates LPS induced septic acute kidney injury by suppression of NFκB p65 phosphorylation and macrophage activation, Quality Control of 624-49-7, the publication is International Immunopharmacology (2022), 108395, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) always accounts for high mortality of septic patients in ICU. Due to its not well understood mechanism for infection and immune-regulation in kidney dysfunction, there is a lack of effective therapy without side effects. Di-Me fumarate (DMF) as an immunomodulatory mol. has been approved for treatment to multiple sclerosis. However, the therapeutic effect and immunomodulatory role underlying DMF action in septic AKI is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of DMF in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic AKI involving macrophage regulation. In current study, we administered DMF by oral gavage to mice with LPS-induced AKI, then harvested serum and kidney at three different time points. We further isolated Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from mice and stimulated them with LPS followed by DMF treatment. To explore immunomodulatory role of DMF in macrophages, we depleted macrophages in mice using liposomal clodronate after DMF treatment upon LPS-induced septic AKI. Then we observed that DMF attenuated renal dysfunction and murine pathol. kidney injury after LPS injection. DMF could inhibit translocation of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and suppress macrophage activation in LPS-induced AKI. DMF reduced the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 whereas increased the secretion of IL-10 and Arg-1 in BMDMs after LPS stimulation. DMF also inhibited NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in BMDMs after LPS stimulation. Importantly, the effect of DMF against LPS-induced AKI, macrophage activation, and translocation of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 was impaired upon macrophage depletion. Thus, DMF could attenuate LPS-induced septic AKI by suppression of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and macrophage activation. This work suggested the potential therapeutic role of DMF for patients in ICU threatened by septic AKI.

International Immunopharmacology published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C13H26N2, Quality Control of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhong, Michael published the artcilePrediction of multiple sclerosis outcomes when switching to ocrelizumab, Formula: C6H8O4, the publication is Multiple Sclerosis Journal (2022), 28(6), 958-969, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Increasingly, people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are switched to highly effective disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) such as ocrelizumab. To determine predictors of relapse and disability progression when switching from another DMT to ocrelizumab. Patients with RRMS who switched to ocrelizumab were identified from the MSBase Registry and grouped by prior disease-modifying therapy (pDMT; interferon-β/glatiramer acetate, di-Me fumarate, teriflunomide, fingolimod or natalizumab) and washout duration (<1 mo, 1-2 mo or 2-6 mo). Survival analyses including multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify predictors of on-ocrelizumab relapse within 1 yr, and 6-mo confirmed disability progression (CDP). After adjustment, relapse hazard when switching from fingolimod was greater than other pDMTs, but only in the first 3 mo of ocrelizumab therapy (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.57-11.11, p = 0.004). The adjusted hazard for CDP was significantly higher with longer washout (2-6 m compared to <1 m: HR = 9.57, 95% CI = 1.92-47.64, p = 0.006). The risk of disability worsening during switch to ocrelizumab is reduced by short treatment gaps. Patients who cease fingolimod are at heightened relapse risk in the first 3 mo on ocrelizumab. Prospective evaluation of strategies such as washout reduction may help optimize this switch.

Multiple Sclerosis Journal published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C10H16Br3N, Formula: C6H8O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Giannoccaro, Maria Pia published the artcileDifference in safety and humoral response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune neurological disorders: the ANCOVAX study, Product Details of C6H8O4, the publication is Journal of Neurology (2022), 269(8), 4000-4012, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Assessing the safety of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines and the effect of immunotherapies on the seroconversion rate in patients with autoimmune neurol. conditions (ANC) is relevant to clin. practice. Our aim was to assess the antibody response to and safety of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in ANC. This longitudinal study included ANC patients vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 between March and August 2021. Side effects were assessed 2-10 days after each dose. Neurol. status and anti-spike receptor binding domain antibody levels were evaluated before vaccination and 4 wk after the second dose. Healthcare-workers served as controls for antibody levels. We included 300 ANC patients (median age 52, IQR 40-65), and 347 healthcare-workers (median age 45, IQR 34-54). mRNA-1273 vaccine was associated with an increased risk of both local (OR 2.52 95% CI 1.45-4.39, p = 0.001) and systemic reactions (OR 2.51% CI 1.49-4.23, p = 0.001). The incidence of relapse was not different before and after vaccine (Incidence rate ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.29-1.83). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were detected in 268 (89.9%) patients and in all controls (p < 0.0001). BNT162b2 vaccine (OR 8.84 95% CI 2.32-33.65, p = 0.001), anti-CD20 mAb (OR 0.004 95% CI 0.0007-0.026, p < 0.0001) and fingolimod (OR 0.036 95% CI 0.002-0.628, p = 0·023) were associated with an increased risk of not developing anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were safe in a large group of ANC patients. Anti-CD20 and fingolimod treatment, as well as vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine, led to a reduced humoral response. These findings could inform vaccine policies in ANC patients undergoing immunotherapy.

Journal of Neurology published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Product Details of C6H8O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ciampi, Ethel published the artcileSafety and humoral response rate of inactivated and mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with Multiple Sclerosis, COA of Formula: C6H8O4, the publication is Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (2022), 103690, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Safety and effectiveness outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients receiving different disease-modifying therapies (DMT) and different types of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are limited. Growing evidence coming mainly from Israel, Europe and North America using mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines has been published. To assess the safety and humoral response of inactivated virus and mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with MS. Ongoing, multicentric, prospective, observational study performed between Feb. and Sept. 2021. Humoral response (antibodies against spike-1 protein) was determined at least 4 wk after the complete schedule of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Categorical outcome (pos./neg.) and total antibody titers were recorded. Adverse events supposedly attributable to vaccination (AESAV) were collected. 178 Patients, 68% women, mean age 39.7 ± 11.2 years, 123 received inactivated (Coronavac-Sinovac), 51 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNtech), and 4 adenoviral vector vaccines (CanSino n = 2, Jonhson&Johnson-Jannsen n = 1, Oxford-AstraZeneca n = 1). Six patients had a history of COVID-19 before vaccination. Overall humoral response was observed in 66.9% (62.6% inactivated vs. 78.4% mRNA, p = 0.04). Pos. anti-S1-antibodies were observed in 100% of patients with no DMT (n = 3), 100% with interferon/glatiramer-acetate (n = 11), 100% with teriflunomide/dimethyl-fumarate (n = 16), 100% with natalizumab (n = 10), 100% with alemtuzumab (n = 8), 90% with cladribine (n = 10), and 88% with fingolimod (n = 17), while 43% of patients receiving antiCD20 (n = 99) were pos. (38% inactivated vaccine vs. 59% mRNA vaccine, p = 0.05). In the multivariate anal. including antiCD20 patients, the predictors for a pos. humoral response were receiving the mRNA vaccine (OR 8.11 (1.79-36.8), p = 0.007) and a lower number of total infusions (OR 0.44 (0.27-0.74) p = 0.002). The most frequent AESAV was local pain (14%), with 4 (2.2%) patients experiencing mild-moderate relapses within 8 wk of first vaccination compared to 11 relapses (6.2%) within the 8 wk before vaccination (Chi-squared 3.41, p = 0.06). A higher humoral response rate was observed using the mRNA compared to the inactivated vaccine, while patients using antiCD20 had a significantly lower response rate, and patients using antiCD20 and fingolimod had lower antibody titers. In this MS patient cohort, inactivated and mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 appear to be safe, with no increase in relapse rate. This information may help guidelines including booster shots and types of vaccines in selected populations.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, COA of Formula: C6H8O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics