Category: 624-49-7

Liu, Rui-Zhe published the artcilePrecise Pentamers with Diverse Monomer Sequences and Their Thermal Properties, Application of Dimethyl fumarate, the publication is Chinese Journal of Polymer Science (2022), 40(5), 447-455, database is CAplus.

Sequenced-defined oligomer has been emerged as one of the hot topics in polymer chem. due to its capability of precisely controlling both chain length and monomer sequence. Recent efforts have focused on development of synthetic methodologies using state-of-the-art chem. tools. However, investigating the impact of minor changes in monomer sequence on phys. properties of these materials is still underdeveloped. Herein, four sequenced pentamers are synthesized by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) single unit monomer insertion technique, in which a base pentamer possesses a relatively rigid backbone comprising of five cyclic monomer units. One of the cyclic units in this base pentamer is replaced by an acyclic monomer at different locations (the 1st, 3rd and 5th unit) to produce three modified pentamers, which leads to a significant decrease of glass transition temperature (Tg) compared to the base pentamer. Meanwhile, the modified pentamers with identical primary structures but distinct monomer sequences also present different T_g values depending on the position of the acyclic monomer unit. The middle (3rd) position of the acyclic unit causes profound decrease of T_g due to its increased mol. flexibility. These synthetic pentamers have been demonstrated to be excellent oligomeric plasticizers to modulate thermal transitions of bulk polymer materials.

Chinese Journal of Polymer Science published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Application of Dimethyl fumarate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gonnella, Roberta published the artcileMechanisms of Sensitivity and Resistance of Primary Effusion Lymphoma to Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF), Computed Properties of 624-49-7, the publication is International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2022), 23(12), 6773, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

PEL is a rare B cell lymphoma associated with KSHV that mainly arises in immune-deficient individuals. The search for new drugs to treat this cancer is still ongoing given its aggressiveness and the poor response to chemotherapies. In this study, we found that DMF, a drug known for its anti-inflammatory properties which is registered for the treatment of psoriasis and relapsing-remitting MS, could be a promising therapeutic strategy against PEL. Indeed, although some mechanisms of resistance were induced, DMF activated NRF2, reduced ROS and inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the release of the pro-inflammatory and immune suppressive cytokines IL-6 and IL-10, which are known to sustain PEL survival. Interestingly, we observed that DMF displayed a stronger cytotoxic effect against fresh PEL cells in comparison to PEL cell lines, due to the activation of ERK1/2 and autophagy in the latter cells. This finding further encourages the possibility of using DMF for the treatment of PEL.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Computed Properties of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lei, Jun published the artcileTaming metabolic competition via glycolysis inhibition for safe and potent tumor immunotherapy, Computed Properties of 624-49-7, the publication is Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2022), 115153, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Metabolic competition between tumors and T cells is fierce in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumors usually exhaust glucose and accumulate lactic acid in TME. Nutrient deprivation and lactic acid accumulation in TME blunt T cell functions and antitumor immune responses. Here, we reported that glycolysis-related genes were upregulated in melanoma patients with weak immune responses and T cell poorly infiltrated tumors of BRCA and COAD patients. Di-Me fumarate (DMF), a GAPDH inhibitor, which is FDA proved to treat autoimmune diseases was identified to promote oxidative pentose phosphate pathway through glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) but to suppress aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells. Addnl., DMF normalized metabolic competition between tumors and T cells, thus potentiate antitumor responses of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes (TILs). Moreover, DMF optimized the efficiency of immune checkpoint therapy and interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy while eliminating severe toxicity induced by IL-2 therapy. This study indicates a novel clin. feasible therapy strategy aiming shared metabolic pathway of tumors and T cells for effective and less toxic tumor immunotherapy.

Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Computed Properties of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shen, Yanjia published the artcileThe histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by inhibiting TLR2/MyD88 and HDAC3/ NF-κB p65-mediated neuroinflammation, Quality Control of 624-49-7, the publication is Pharmacological Research (2022), 105969, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a Th cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease. MS cannot be cured, and long-term drug treatment is still needed for MS patients. In this study, we examined the effect of belinostat, a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), on exptl. autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and elucidated its mechanism of action. We found that belinostat alleviates the clin. symptoms, histopathol. central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and demyelination outcomes in EAE mice. Compared to the MS oral drug di-Me fumarate (DMF) (100 mg/kg), belinostat (30 mg/kg) treatment exhibited better efficacy in improving the clin. symptoms of EAE mice. Belinostat treatment significantly suppressed the activation of M1 microglia and the proinflammatory cytokine expression; but it had no effects on the M2 microglial polarization. Belinostat also decreased both NO and iNOS levels in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Accordingly, belinostat treatment of EAE mice significantly inhibited activation of the TLR2/MyD88 signaling pathway and downregulated the expression of HDAC3 while upregulating the acetylated NF-κB p65 levels. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time that belinostat ameliorates EAE in mice through inhibiting neuroinflammation via suppressing M1 microglial polarization, and implicating belinostat as a potential candidate for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Pharmacological Research published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C9H7NO4, Quality Control of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jordan, Allison LM published the artcileProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in dimethyl fumarate-treated multiple sclerosis patients, HPLC of Formula: 624-49-7, the publication is Multiple Sclerosis Journal (2022), 28(1), 7-15, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Di-Me fumarate (DMF), a fumaric acid with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, is among the most commonly used oral therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has been associated with several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), including DMF in treating MS. We present detailed clin. characteristics of nine PML cases and show that the PML incidence in DMF-treated patients is 0.02 per 1000 patients. In addition to persistent severe lymphopenia, older age appears to be a potential risk for PML. However, younger patients without lymphopenia were also observed to develop PML. DMF-associated PML has occurred in patients with absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) above the guideline threshold, suggesting that changes in specific subsets might be more important than total ALC. Furthermore, since DMF has been found to decrease immune cell migration by decreasing the expression of adhesive mols., the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune profile may also be useful for assessing PML risk in DMF-treated patients. This review provides an up-to-date assessment of PML cases occurring in DMF-treated patients and discusses other potential considerations in light of our current understanding of DMFs mechanism of action on the immune system in the periphery and in the central nervous system (CNS).

Multiple Sclerosis Journal published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, HPLC of Formula: 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Ruizhe published the artcileUnraveling Sequence Effect on Glass Transition Temperatures of Discrete Unconjugated Oligomers, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl fumarate, the publication is Macromolecular Rapid Communications (2022), 43(4), 2100666, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Sequence plays a critical role in enabling unique properties and functions of natural biomols., which has promoted the rapid advancement of synthetic sequence-defined polymers in recent decades. Particularly, study of short chain sequence-defined oligomers (also called discrete oligomers) on their properties has become a hot topic. However, most studies have focused on discrete oligomers with conjugated structures. But unconjugated oligomers remain relatively underexplored. Three pairs of discrete oligomers with the same composition but different sequence for each pair are employed for studying their glass transition temperatures (T_gs). The resultant T_gs of sequenced oligomers in each pair are significantly different (up to 11.6°), attributable to variations in mol. packing as demonstrated by mol. dynamics and d. function theory simulations. Intermol. interaction has less impact on T_gs than intramol. interaction. The mechanistic study into 2 model dimers suggests that monomer sequence caused the difference in intramol. rotational flexibility of the sequenced oligomers. Despite having different monomer sequence and T_gs, the oligomers have very similar solubility parameters, which supports their potential use as effective oligomeric plasticizers to tune the T_gs of bulk polymer materials.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl fumarate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sato, Wakiro published the artcileMolecular-targeted therapeutic advancements for multiple sclerosis and eyes, Product Details of C6H8O4, the publication is Atarashii Ganka (2022), 39(2), 161-167, database is CAplus.

In this article, the author will explain the pathol. of multiple sclerosis (MS), findings on mol. targeted therapy against it, and macular edema, a side effect that should be noted due to therapeutic drugs. The author explained the pathophysiol. mechanism of MS, which has recently attracted attention, and topics related to new mol.-targeted drugs.

Atarashii Ganka published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Product Details of C6H8O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Matsumoto, Akira published the artcileCationic DABCO-Based Catalyst for Site-Selective C-H Alkylation via Photoinduced Hydrogen-Atom Transfer, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is ACS Catalysis (2022), 12(3), 2045-2051, database is CAplus.

A series of hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) catalysts based on the readily available and tunable 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) structure was designed, and their photoinduced HAT catalysis ability was demonstrated. The combination of HAT catalyst with an acridinium-based organophotoredox catalyst enabled efficient and site-selective C-H alkylation of substrates ranging from unactivated hydrocarbons to complex mols. Notably, a HAT catalyst with addnl. substituents adjacent to a nitrogen atom further improved the site selectivity. Mechanistic studies suggested that the N-substituent of the catalyst played a crucial role, assisting in the generation of a dicationic aminium radical as an active species for the HAT process.

ACS Catalysis published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Luo, Yani published the artcileCopper-Catalyzed Three-Component Germyl Peroxidation of Alkenes, HPLC of Formula: 624-49-7, the publication is Organic Letters (2022), 24(12), 2425-2430, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The concurrent incorporation of a germyl fragment and another functional group (beyond the hydrogen atom) across the C=C double bond is a highly appealing yet challenging task. Herein, the efficient germyl peroxidation of alkenes with germanium hydrides and tert-Bu hydroperoxide via a copper-catalyzed three-component radical relay strategy is demonstrated. This protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and exquisite chemo- and regioselectivity under mild conditions and represents a rare example of constructing synthetically challenging metal-embedded organic peroxides.

Organic Letters published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, HPLC of Formula: 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Junzhao published the artcileROS-responsive liposomes as an inhaled drug delivery nanoplatform for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment via Nrf2 signaling, Formula: C6H8O4, the publication is Journal of Nanobiotechnology (2022), 20(1), 213, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic disease with pathophysiol. characteristics of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced excessive fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and extracellular matrix deposition. Macrophages are closely involved in the development of fibrosis. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key mol. regulating ROS and TGF-β expression. Therefore, Nrf2 signaling modulation might be a promising therapy for fibrosis. The inhalation-based drug delivery can reduce systemic side effects and improve therapeutic effects, and is currently receiving increasing attention, but direct inhaled drugs are easily cleared and difficult to exert their efficacy. Therefore, we aimed to design a ROS-responsive liposome for the Nrf2 agonist di-Me fumarate (DMF) delivery in the fibrotic lung. Moreover, we explored its therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis and macrophage activation. We synthesized DMF-loaded ROS-responsive DSPE-TK-PEG@DMF liposomes (DTP@DMF NPs). DTP@DMF NPs had suitable size and neg. zeta potential and excellent capability to rapidly release DMF in a high-ROS environment. We found that macrophage accumulation and polarization were closely related to fibrosis development, while DTP@DMF NPs could attenuate macrophage activity and fibrosis in mice. RAW264.7 and NIH-3T3 cells coculture revealed that DTP@DMF NPs could promote Nrf2 and downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and suppress TGF-β and ROS production in macrophages, thereby reducing fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and collagen production by NIH-3T3 cells. In vivo experiments confirmed the above findings. Compared with direct DMF instillation, DTP@DMF NPs treatment presented enhanced antifibrotic effect. DTP@DMF NPs also had a prolonged residence time in the lung as well as excellent biocompatibility. DTP@DMF NPs can reduce macrophage-mediated fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and extracellular matrix deposition to attenuate lung fibrosis by upregulating Nrf2 signaling. This ROS-responsive liposome is clin. promising as an ideal delivery system for inhaled drug delivery.

Journal of Nanobiotechnology published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Formula: C6H8O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics