Category: 6197-30-4

On December 15, 2020, Muniz-Gonzalez, Ana-Belen; Martinez-Guitarte, Jose-Luis published an article.Name: 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate The title of the article was Unveiling complex responses at the molecular level: Transcriptional alterations by mixtures of bisphenol A, octocrylene, and 2′-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino)benzoate on Chironomus riparius. And the article contained the following:

Living organisms are exposed to mixtures of pollutants in the wild. Inland aquatic ecosystems contain many compounds from different sources that pollute the water column and the sediment. However, majority of toxicol. research is focused on the effects of single exposures to toxicants. Furthermore, studies have been principally oriented toward ecol. relevant effects of intoxication, and lack an anal. of the cellular and mol. mechanisms involved in the response to toxicants. Effects of single, binary, and ternary mixtures of three compounds, bisphenol A, octocrylene, and 2′-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino)benzoate, were assessed using a Real-Time PCR array. Forty genes, and addnl. six reference genes, were included in the array. The genes were selected based on their association with hormone responses, detoxification mechanisms, the stress response, DNA repair, and the immune system. The study was performed on Chironomus riparius, a benthic dipteran with an essential role in the food web. Transcriptional responses were assessed both 24 and 96 h post-exposure, to determinate short- and medium-term cellular responses. Individual fourth instar larvae were exposed to 0.1 and 1 mg/L of each of the toxic compounds and compound mixtures A weak response was detected at 24 h, which was stronger in larvae exposed to mixtures than to individual toxicants. The response at 96 h was complex and principally involved genes related to the endocrine system, detoxification mechanisms, and the stress response. Furthermore, exposure to mixtures of compounds altered the expression patterns of an increased number of genes than did individual compound exposures, which suggested complex interactions between compounds affected the regulation of transcriptional activity. The results obtained highlight the importance of analyzing the mechanisms involved in the response to mixtures of compounds over extended periods and offer new insights into the basis of the physiol. responses to pollution. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Name: 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

The Article related to chironomus riparius endocrine disrupting chem toxicity transcriptional alteration, aquatic insect, chironomids, invertebrates, mixture toxicity, multi-stress, transcriptional alterations and other aspects.Name: 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On November 30, 2021, Ruvolo, Eduardo; Rohr, Mathias; Oliveira, Sergio; Nogueira, Luciano; Carvalho, Jose; Cole, Curtis published an article.Name: 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate The title of the article was Multi-laboratory study of hybrid diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to assess sunscreen SPF and UVA-PFs. And the article contained the following:

Proof-of-principle studies have established the use of Hybrid Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (HDRS) methods to assess both UV-A Protection Factor (UVA-PF) and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) indexes in individual laboratories Multiple laboratories evaluated 23 emulsions and two spray sunscreen products to evaluate repeatability and accuracy of assessment of SPF and UVA-PF values, using HDRS test systems from various manufacturers using different designs. All of the laboratories reported similar SPF and UVA-PF values within a narrow range of values to establish the reliability of the HDRS methodol. across laboratories, independent of equipment manufacturer or operator. HDRS test methodol. provides a reliable objective instrumental estimation of sunscreen SPF and UVA-PF. These data were provided to ISO-TC217 WG7 to substantiate the ongoing development of an ISO Standard HDRS Method. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Name: 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

The Article related to hybrid diffuse reflectance spectroscopy spf uva protection factor, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, multi-laboratory ring test, sunscreen protection factor, ultraviolet-a protection factor and other aspects.Name: 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On March 31, 2020, Saunders, Leslie J.; Hoffman, Alex D.; Nichols, John W.; Gobas, Frank A. P. C. published an article.Application of 6197-30-4 The title of the article was Dietary Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Hydrophobic Organic Sunscreen Agents in Rainbow Trout. And the article contained the following:

The present study investigated the dietary bioaccumulation and biotransformation of hydrophobic organic sunscreen agents, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and octocrylene (OCT), in rainbow trout using a modified Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 305 dietary bioaccumulation test that incorporated nonbiotransformed reference chems. Trout were exposed to 3 dietary concentrations of each chem. to investigate the relationship between dietary exposure concentration and observed accumulation and depuration. Both EHMC and OCT were significantly biotransformed, resulting in mean in vivo whole-body biotransformation rate constants (kMET) of 0.54 ± 0.06 and 0.09 ± 0.01 d-1, resp. The kMET values generated for both chems. did not differ between dietary exposure concentrations, indicating that chem. concentrations in the fish were not high enough to saturate biotransformation enzymes. Both somatic and luminal biotransformation substantially reduce EHMC and OCT bioaccumulation potential in trout. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of EHMC averaged 0.0035 kg lipid kg lipid-1 and 396 L kg-1, resp., whereas those of OCT averaged 0.0084 kg lipid kg lipid-1 and 1267 L kg-1. These values are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than the BMFs and BCFs generated for reference chems. of similar log KOW. In addition, for both chems., derived BMFs and BCFs fell below established bioaccumulation criteria (1.0 kg lipid kg lipid-1 and 2000 L kg-1, resp.), suggesting that EHMC ad OCT are unlikely to bioaccumulate to a high degree in aquatic biota. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Application of 6197-30-4

The Article related to dietary bioaccumulation biotransformation hydrophobic organic sunscreen rainbow trout, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, biotransformation, sunscreens, toxicokinetics, ultraviolet filters and other aspects.Application of 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On February 1, 2020, Trujillo-Rodriguez, Maria J.; Anderson, Jared L.; Dunham, Sage J. B.; Noad, Victoria L.; Cardin, Daniel B. published an article.Synthetic Route of 6197-30-4 The title of the article was Vacuum-assisted sorbent extraction: An analytical methodology for the determination of ultraviolet filters in environmental samples. And the article contained the following:

Vacuum-assisted sorbent extraction (VASE) has been applied in combination with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry for the determination of UV filters in water samples. VASE is a variant of headspace extraction which was developed in conjunction with the sorbent pen (SP) technol. This technique combines the advantages of both stir-bar assisted extraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction The SP traps allowed both reduced pressure in-vial extraction and direct thermal desorption via a unique gas chromatog. injection port. The main parameters that affect the performance of VASE, including both extraction and desorption conditions, were extensively optimized. Under optimum conditions, extraction required 10 mL of sample within 40 mL vials, pH 3.5, ∼30 s of air-evacuation, 14 h incubation at 70°C, stirring at 200 rpm, and a final water management step conducted at ∼ -17°C for 15 min. Optimal thermal desorption required preheating at 260°C for 2 min followed by desorption at 300°C for 2 min. The beneficial effect of reduced-pressure extraction was demonstrated by comparing the UV filter extraction time profiles collected using VASE to an analogous atm. pressure procedure, resulting in up to a 3-fold improvement under optimized conditions. The VASE methodol. enabled simultaneous extractions using different SPs without compromising the method reproducibility, which increases the overall sample throughput. The method was characterized by low limits of detection, from 0.5 to 80 ng L-1, and adequate reproducibility, with inter-SP and inter-day relative standard deviation lower than 14%. Tap and lake water was successfully analyzed with the proposed methodol., resulting in relative recoveries of spiked samples ranging between 70.0 and 120%. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Synthetic Route of 6197-30-4

The Article related to vacuum assisted sorbent extraction uv filter environment analysis water, environmental analysis, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet filters, vacuum-assisted sorbent extraction and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lacatusu, Ioana; Balanuca, Brindusa; Serafim, Andrada; Ott, Cristina; Prodana, Mariana; Badea, Nicoleta published an article in 2022, the title of the article was Salicin and Hederacoside C-Based Extracts and UV-Absorbers Co-Loaded into Bioactive Lipid Nanocarriers with Promoted Skin Antiaging and Hydrating Efficacy.Reference of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate And the article contains the following content:

Conventional and herbal active principles can be combined in a beneficial harmony using their best features and compensating for the certain weaknesses of each. The study will answer the question, “how can willow bark extract (Wbe) or ivy leaf extract (Ile) influence the photoprotective, skin permeation and hydration properties of Bioactive Lipid Nanocarriers (BLN) loaded with UV-filters and selected herbals “. BLN-Wbe/Ile-UV-filters were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, thermal behavior, entrapment efficiency and drug loading. The formulated BLN-hydrogels (HG) were subjected to in vitro release and permeation experiments The in vitro determination of sun protection factors, as well as comparative in vitro photostability tests, rheol. behavior and in vivo hydration status have been also considered for hydrogels containing BLN-Ile/Wbe-UV-filters. Photoprotection of BLN-HG against UVA rays was more pronounced as compared with the UVB (UVA-PF reached values of 30, while the maximum SPF value was 13). The in vitro irradiation study demonstrated the photostability of BLN-HG under UV exposure. A noteworthy cosmetic efficacy was detected by in vivo skin test (hydration effect reached 97% for the BLN-Wbe-UV-filters prepared with pomegranate oil). The research novelty, represented by the first-time co-optation of the active herbal extracts (Wbe and Ile) together with two synthetic filters in the same nanostructured delivery system, will provide appropriate scientific support for the cosmetic industry to design novel marketed formulations with improved quality and health benefices. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Reference of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

The Article related to skin antiaging hydration lipid nanocarrier salicin hederacoside uv absorbers, uva and uvb filters, lipid nanostructured hydrogels, photoprotection, photostability, skin health promoting extracts and other aspects.Reference of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On January 1, 2021, Carve, Megan; Nugegoda, Dayanthi; Allinson, Graeme; Shimeta, Jeff published an article.Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4 The title of the article was A systematic review and ecological risk assessment for organic ultraviolet filters in aquatic environments. And the article contained the following:

Organic UV filters (OUVFs) are used in a wide range of manufactured products including personal care (e.g. sunscreens) and plastic items. This review summarizes the available data regarding the toxic effects of OUVFs on marine and freshwater organisms and generates the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values necessary for assessing ecol. risk. Through a systematic search of the literature, 89 studies were identified and ecotoxicol. data extracted Collectively, these studies described toxicity testing with 39 OUVF from 10 structural classes, with derivatives of benzophenones (49%) and camphors (16%) most studied. There was a bias towards selecting freshwater species (61%), and evaluating single OUVF effects (87%) rather than OUVF mixtures Short-term (acute) experimentation (58%) was marginally more common than long-term (chronic) testing (42%). Reproductive, developmental, genetic, and neurol. toxicity were the most commonly identified effects in aquatic organism, and were associated with mol. interactions with steroid receptors, DNA, or the production of reactive oxygen species. Species sensitivity distribution and/or assessment factors were used to calculate PNECs for 22 OUVFs and the risk quotients for 12 OUVFs. When using maximum concentrations, high risk was observed for six OUVFs in marine environments (4-methylbenzylidene-camphor, octocrylene, padimate-O, benzophenone-1, and oxybenzone, ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate), and for four OUVFs in freshwater environments (ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate, octocrylene, avobenzone and oxybenzone). When using median concentrations, a risk to marine environments was observed for oxybenzone. The results of this review underline that there is limited knowledge of the pathol. effects of OUVFs and their metabolites in aquatic environments, and this inhibits the development of informed water-quality guidelines. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4

The Article related to meta analysis organic uv filter ecotoxicity aquatic environment, emerging pollutant, predicted no effect concentration (pnec), taxonomic trends, toxicity, uv filter, ultraviolet light stabilizer and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On August 31, 2022, Jin, Yihui; Yuan, Tao; Li, Jiafan; Shen, Zhemin; Tian, Ying published an article.Quality Control of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate The title of the article was Occurrence, health risk assessment and water quality criteria derivation of six personal care products (PCPs) in Huangpu River, China. And the article contained the following:

Personal care products (PCPs) have shown adverse health effects on humans. However, their health risk associated with fish consumption and relevant water quality criteria are still not well documented. This study investigated the occurrence and health risk of six PCPs (triclosan, bisphenol-A, and four commonly used organic UV filters, i.e., homosalate (HMS), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), oxybenzone (BP-3), and octocrylene (OC)). River water and three trophic levels of fish species were collected from Huangpu River in Shanghai. The concentration range of the six PCPs were 1.48-89.76 ng/L in water and 0.40-10.75 ng/g dry weight in fish. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) of the PCPs indicated that consuming these fish would not pose non-carcinogenic risks. The maximum allowable fish consumption rates ranged from 85 to 1760 and 155 to 3230 meals per mo for children and adults, resp. As to the four organic UV filters, it is the first time to report the fish consumption advisories. Finally, the human health ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) values of HMS, 4-MBC, BP-3, OC, TCS, and BPA (i.e., 0.1218, 0.7311, 0.3494, 0.0477, 235.8, and 154.7 μg/L, resp.) were proposed, and they can serve as a valuable tech. reference for global development and revision of aquatic environmental quality standards for these emerging contaminants. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Quality Control of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

The Article related to personal care product health risk assessment water quality criteria, ambient water quality criteria, consumption advisories, fish, health risk assessment, organic uv filters, personal care products and other aspects.Quality Control of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On January 15, 2021, Azaroff, Alyssa; Monperrus, Mathilde; Miossec, Carole; Gassie, Claire; Guyoneaud, Remy published an article.Formula: C24H27NO2 The title of the article was Microbial degradation of hydrophobic emerging contaminants from marine sediment slurries (Capbreton Canyon) to pure bacterial strain. And the article contained the following:

Despite emerging contaminants (ECs) are more and more monitored in environmental matrixes, there is still a lack of data in marine ecosystems, especially on their fate and degradation potentials. In this work, for the first time, the degradation potential of synthetic musks (galaxolide and tonalide), UV filters (padimate O and octocrylene) and a pharmaceutical compound (carbamazepine) was studied in marine sediment samples, under laboratory conditions using sediment slurry incubations under biotic and abiotic conditions. Min. half life times under biotic conditions were found at 21 days, 129 days and 199 days for padimate O, galaxolide and carbamazepine, resp. Enrichments conducted under anoxic and oxic conditions demonstrated that degradations after one month of incubation either under both biotic and abiotic conditions were limited under anoxic conditions compared to oxic conditions for all the contaminants. Novel aerobic bacteria, able to degrade synthetic musks and UV filters have been isolated. These novel strains were mainly related to the Genus Bacillus. Based on these results, the isolated strains able to degrade such ECs, can have a strong implication in the natural resilience in marine environment, and could be used in remediation processes. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Formula: C24H27NO2

The Article related to carbamazepine degradation hydrophobicity marine sediment slurry wastewater treatment, degradation, emerging contaminants, marine sediments, musks, pharmaceuticals, pure bacterial strains, uv filters and other aspects.Formula: C24H27NO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On February 20, 2022, Duis, Karen; Junker, Thomas; Coors, Anja published an article.Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4 The title of the article was Review of the environmental fate and effects of two UV filter substances used in cosmetic products. And the article contained the following:

A review. Sunscreens containing UV filters, such as octocrylene (OCR) and butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM), have been increasingly used to protect human skin against UV radiation. Both substances have been detected in monitoring studies in the freshwater and marine environment, and there has been concern about potential effects on aquatic organisms. In the present work, the environmental fate and occurrence, bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity including endocrine effects of OCR and BMDBM are ed focusing on the aquatic environment. The two UV filters have low water solubilities and a high sorption potential. The available data indicate that OCR is poorly biodegradable. BMDBM lacks anaerobic and inherent biodegradability. However, it was biodegraded to variable degrees in simulation studies. Measured concentrations in the freshwater and marine environment were found to vary considerably between sites, depending on the extent of recreational activities or wastewater discharges. While the bioconcentration factor of OCR in fish is below the threshold value for bioaccumulation according to EU REACH, the available data for BMDBM do not allow a definitive conclusion on its bioaccumulation potential. Anal. of the aquatic toxicity data showed that data quality was often limited, e.g. in the case of effect concentrations substantially exceeding maximum achievable dissolved concentrations Up to their limit of water solubility, OCR and BMDBM showed no toxicity to microorganisms, algae, and corals, and no acute toxicity to daphnids and fish. In chronic daphnid tests, OCR was highly toxic, whereas BMDBM lacked toxicity. Reliable water-sediment toxicity tests are required to further evaluate possible effects on benthic invertebrates. The available data do not provide evidence for endocrine effects of the two UV filters on fish. In order to assess potential environmental risks caused by OCR and BMDBM, a validated exposure model for estimating direct emission of UV filters into the aquatic environment and data from systematic, longer-term monitoring studies are needed. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4

The Article related to review octocrylene butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane sunscreen environmental fate wastewater simulation, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane, ecotoxicity, octocrylene, sunscreens and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On November 30, 2020, Saunders, Leslie J.; Fitzsimmons, Patrick N.; Nichols, John W.; Gobas, Frank A. P. C. published an article.COA of Formula: C24H27NO2 The title of the article was In vitro-in vivo extrapolation of hepatic and gastrointestinal biotransformation rates of hydrophobic chemicals in rainbow trout. And the article contained the following:

Here we evaluated intestinal biotransformation in rainbow trout using S9 fractions prepared from the upper intestinal (GIT) epithelium. Measured levels of activity determined using standard substrates for phase I and phase II biotransformation enzymes were within 2-fold of activities measured in hepatic S9 fractions. An existing liver only IVIVE model was expanded to consider biotransformation in both the liver and GIT. Relevant IVIVE scaling factors were developed by morphol., histol., and biochem. evaluation of trout intestines. For chems. biotransformed at higher rates by hepatic S9 fractions (i.e., BAP, PYR, EHMC), the liver & GIT model yielded whole-body biotransformation rate constants (kMET) that were within 1.2 to 1.4-fold of those estimated using the liver only model. In contrast to these findings, the mean kMET for OCT obtained using the liver & GIT model was 3.3 times higher than the mean kMET derived using the liver only model and was in good agreement with empirical kMET estimates determined previously for trout (<20% difference). The results of this study suggest that current liver only IVIVE approaches may underestimate in vivo biotransformation rates for chems. that undergo substantial biotransformation in the GIT. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).COA of Formula: C24H27NO2

The Article related to oncorhynchus gastrointestinal tract biotransformation pyrene pyloric cecum, animal alternatives, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, in vitro-in vivo extrapolation, intestinal metabolism, rainbow trout and other aspects.COA of Formula: C24H27NO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics