Category: 6197-30-4

On July 31, 2021, Chaiyabutr, Chayada; Sukakul, Thanisorn; Kumpangsin, Titinun; Bunyavaree, Monthatip; Charoenpipatsin, Norramon; Wongdama, Supisara; Boonchai, Waranya published an article.Related Products of 6197-30-4 The title of the article was Ultraviolet filters in sunscreens and cosmetic products-A market survey. And the article contained the following:

As several reports have raised a variety of environmental, health, and safety issues related to UV filters, it is crucial to understand the trends in the exposure of the population to UV filters. To determine the frequency of UV filter usage in sunscreens and other cosmetic products in Thai market. We surveyed the UV filter labeling on sunscreens and cosmetic products sold in the Thai market. In all, 312 sunscreens and 1350 other cosmetic products were investigated. Titanium dioxide was the most frequently used UV filter in both sunscreens (66.7%) and other cosmetic products (68.4%). Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate was the most common organic UVB filter, whereas Bu methoxydibenzoylmethane was the most common organic UVA filter. In sunscreens aimed at children, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine was the most commonly used UV filter. The most frequent co-occurrence of UV filters was titanium dioxide and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate. Titanium dioxide was the most commonly used UV filter, which differs from the findings of previous surveys. Knowing the availability and frequency of each UV filter provides valuable information about consumer exposure levels, facilitates refinements of the allergen series in patch testing, and enhances the monitoring of adverse effects of UV filters. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Related Products of 6197-30-4

The Article related to uv filter sunscreen cosmetic product market survey thailand, uv filters, cosmetics, market survey, sunscreens, ultraviolet, Essential Oils and Cosmetics: Skin Preparations and other aspects.Related Products of 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On September 30, 2021, Saxe, Jennifer K.; Dean, Stacy; Jones, Randy L.; Mullins, Larry A.; Reynertson, Kurt A. published an article.Electric Literature of 6197-30-4 The title of the article was Development of a novel rinse-off method for improved sunscreen exposure assessment. And the article contained the following:

Recent legislative measures restricting the sale of sunscreens containing certain UV light filtering ingredients (UVFs) have been based on a perception of risk to aquatic life despite the lack of a robust data set to support these decisions. Concerns were focused on the potential for recreational swimmers’ and divers’ sunscreen use to result in exposures to coral already stressed due to climate change, disease, and other local conditions. In published environmental risk assessments for UVFs, exposure estimates were based on episodic environmental monitoring or estimates of typical sunscreen use, arbitrarily assuming the portion rinsed off from skin in seawater. To improve the accuracy of exposure estimates and thereby develop more robust risk assessments, we measured the amount of the UVFs, avobenzone, homosalate, octisalate, octocrylene, and oxybenzone released to seawater from four sunscreen products (two lotions, one spray, one stick) in a novel porcine skin model of typical human sunscreen use. Sunscreen was applied to porcine skin, allowed to briefly dry, then exposed to four rinse cycles in artificial seawater. The mass of each UVF in seawater, partitioned from seawater onto glassware, and extractable from skin after rinsing were determined The proportion rinsed from skin varied by UVF, by formula type, and by application rate. Less than 1.4% of applied octisalate, homosalate, and octocrylene was detected in seawater samples (independent of formula) increasing to an average of 4% and 8% for avobenzone in stick and lotion forms, and to 24% for oxybenzone in lotions. The initial data show substantial differences in rinse-off among formulation types and sunscreen application rates, and stress the importance of using UVF-specific rinse-off values rather than a single value for all UVFs. This new method provides a tool for more robust exposure estimates, with initial data supporting lower rinse-off values than adopted in published risk assessments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;00:1-6. 2021 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies Inc. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicol. & Chem. (SETAC). The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Electric Literature of 6197-30-4

The Article related to sunscreen exposure environmental assessment artificial seawater, aquatic risk, exposure assessment, exposure modeling, personal care products, sunscreens, Essential Oils and Cosmetics: Skin Preparations and other aspects.Electric Literature of 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Peng, Xianzhi; Zhu, Zewen; Xiong, Songsong; Fan, Yujuan; Chen, Guangshi; Tang, Caiming published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Tissue Distribution, Growth Dilution, and Species-Specific Bioaccumulation of Organic Ultraviolet Absorbents in Wildlife Freshwater Fish in the Pearl River Catchment, China.Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4 And the article contains the following content:

Tissue distributions and body-size dependent and species-specific bioaccumulation of 12 organic UV absorbents (UVAs) were investigated in 9 species of wildlife freshwater fish from the Pearl River catchment, South China. The concentrations of the 12 UVAs were from 109 to 2320 ng/g lipid weight in the fish tissue samples. The UVAs 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), octocrylene (OCR), UV531, and 5 benzotriazole UV stabilizers (UVP, UV329, UV234, UV328, and UV327) were detected in more than half of the fish tissue samples. The UVA UV531 showed an obvious potential for bioaccumulation in the wild freshwater fish, with an estimated bioaccumulation factor (log BAF) and a biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of 4.54 ± 0.55 and 4.88 ± 6.78, resp. Generally, liver (989 ± 464 ng/g lipid weight) contained the highest level of UVAs, followed in decreasing order by belly fat (599 ± 318 ng/g lipid weight), swimming bladder (494 ± 282 ng/g lipid weight), dorsal muscle (470 ± 240 ng/g lipid weight), and egg (442 ± 238 ng/g lipid weight). The bioaccumulation of UVAs in the freshwater wild fish was species specific and compound dependent. Bottom-dwelling detritus-ingesting omnivorous fish contained obviously higher UVA concentrations, suggesting that detritus/sediment ingestion is a significant pathway for exposure of the wild freshwater fish to the UVAs. The UVAs UV531 and BP-3 demonstrated a potential for growth dilution Metabolism might play a significant role in elimination of the UVAs in the fish tissues, with the highest rate of metabolism in the liver. The UVAs did not demonstrate obvious trophic magnification in the freshwater ecosystem of the Pearl River catchment. More research is warranted to elucidate maternal transfer of the UVAs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1-9. © 2019 SETAC. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4

The Article related to bioaccumulation uv absorbent freshwater fish pearl river catchment china, bioaccumulation, bioaccumulative compounds, trophic transfer, Toxicology: Chemicals (Household, Industrial, General) and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On September 15, 2022, Martin, Nicolas; Wassmur, Britt; Slomberg, Danielle; Labille, Jerome; Lammel, Tobias published an article.Safety of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate The title of the article was Influence of TiO2 nanocomposite UV filter surface chemistry and their interactions with organic UV filters on uptake and toxicity toward cultured fish gill cells. And the article contained the following:

Aquatic environments have been found to be contaminated with a variety of inorganic and organic UV filters. This includes novel nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite particles, which have been increasingly developed and incorporated into com. sunscreens in recent years. So far, relatively little is known about the effects of this novel class of UV filters on aquatic life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the toxicity of three such nanoparticulate TiO2 UV filters with different surface coatings, namely Eusolex T-Avo (SiO2-coated), T-Lite SF (Al(OH)3/PDMS-coated), and Eusolex T-S (Al2O3/stearic acid-coated) either alone, or in the presence of selected organic UV filters (octinoxate, avobenzone, octocrylene), toward fish using RTgill-W1 cell cultures as an in vitro exptl. model. Besides standard exposure protocols, alternative approaches (i.e., exposure to water accommodated fractions (WAFs), hanging-drop exposure) were explored to account for nanoparticle (NP)-specific fate in the medium and obtain addnl./complementary information on their toxicity in different conditions. The AlamarBlue, CFDA-AM and Neutral Red Retention (NR) assays were used to measure effects on different cellular endpoints. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine NP uptake. Our results showed that none of the TiO2 NP UV filters were cytotoxic at the concentrations tested (0.1-10μg/mL; 24 h) but there were differences in their uptake by the cells. Thus, only the hydrophilic T-AVO was detected inside cells, but the hydrophobic T-Lite SF and T-S were not. In addition, our results show that the presence of NPs (or the used dispersant) tended to decrease organic UV filter toxicity. The level of combination effect depended on both NP-type (surface chem.) and concentration, suggesting that the reduced toxicity resulted from reduced availability of the organic UV filters due to their adsorption to the NP surface. Thus, mixtures of TiO2 NP UV filters and organic UV filters may have a different toxicol. profile compared to the single substances, but probably do not pose an increased hazard. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Safety of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

The Article related to titanium dioxide nanocomposite uv filter toxicity fish gill cell, ecotoxicity, interference, mixture, nanoparticle, sunscreen, in vitro, Toxicology: Chemicals (Household, Industrial, General) and other aspects.Safety of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On December 1, 2021, Vieira Sanches, Matilde; Oliva, Matteo; De Marchi, Lucia; Cuccaro, Alessia; Puppi, Dario; Chiellini, Federica; Freitas, Rosa; Pretti, Carlo published an article.Electric Literature of 6197-30-4 The title of the article was Ecotoxicological screening of UV-filters using a battery of marine bioassays. And the article contained the following:

The present study aimed to assess the toxicity of seven UV-filters: zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO, particle size <100 nm), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2, primary particle size 21 nm), 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), avobenzone (AVO), octocrylene (OCTO) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) on three species: Aliivibrio fischeri (inhibition of bioluminescence), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (growth inhibition) and Ficopomatus enigmaticus (larval development success). Results showed nTiO2 to be the most toxic for P. tricornutum (EC50 0.043 mg L-1), while no effect was observed in A. fischeri and F. enigmaticus. EHMC was the most toxic to A. fischeri (EC50 0.868 mg L-1 (15 min) and 1.06 mg L-1 (30 min)) and the second most toxic to P. tricornutum. For F. enigmaticus, the lowest percentages of correct development resulted from 4-MBC exposure, with EC50 of 0.836 mg L-1. Overall, AVO induced low toxicity to every assessed species and OCTO was the least toxic for F. enigmaticus larvae. Considering the results obtained for F. enigmaticus, further larval development assays were performed with nZnO and EHMC under different light (light vs darkness) and temperature (20 and 25°C) conditions, showing higher percentages of correct development at 25°C, independently on light/darkness conditions. Under different temperature and photoperiod conditions, nZnO was more toxic than EHMC. Overall, nZnO and EHMC were among the most toxic UV filters tested and, when testing the effects of these UV-filters with temperature the results highlight that the impacts are liable to be lessened at higher temperatures (25°C compared with 20°C), in the case of this estuarine polychaete species. Nevertheless, further experiments are necessary to describe the effects of these two UV-filters at different organization levels, to study the toxicity of eventual degradation byproducts and to provide more information on the combination of different stressors. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Electric Literature of 6197-30-4

The Article related to uv filter battery marine ecotoxicity, inhibition endpoints, inorganic nanoparticled-filters, larval development, organic filters, trophic levels, Toxicology: Chemicals (Household, Industrial, General) and other aspects.Electric Literature of 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On April 10, 2021, He, Ke; Hain, Ethan; Timm, Anne; Blaney, Lee published an article.Product Details of 6197-30-4 The title of the article was Bioaccumulation of estrogenic hormones and UV-filters in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). And the article contained the following:

Estrogenic hormones and organic UV-filters (UV-filters) have attracted increased attention as endocrine disrupting chems. (EDCs) due to their potent estrogenicity and widespread occurrence in the environment. This study investigated the accumulation of three estrogenic hormones and five UV-filters in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Exposure experiments were conducted for 42 days with a mixture of EDCs at two environmentally-relevant design concentrations (i.e., 500 and 5000 ng L-1). The aqueous-phase EDC concentrations decreased over time and were re-established every two days. Within 14 days of exposure, the five UV-filters were measured at 2.2 to 265 ng g-1 (dry weight) in crayfish tail tissue. Only one estrogenic hormone, 17β-estradiol, was detected in the crayfish at 10.4-13.5 ng g-1. No apparent changes were observed for EDC concentrations in the tail tissue over the next four weeks of exposure. The apparent bioaccumulation factors for the EDCs ranged from 23 L (kg tail tissue, dry weight)-1 for 4-methylbenzylidene camphor to 1050 L (kg tail tissue, dry weight)-1 for 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate. EDC input was stopped after 42 days, and the more hydrophobic UV-filters (i.e., octocrylene, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate, homosalate) were found to be persistent throughout a 14-d elimination period. A lyticase-assisted yeast estrogen screen demonstrated that the residual estrogenic activity of water samples aligned with (or was lower than) predictions from targeted chem. anal. These results suggest that the transformation products did not contribute significant estrogenicity, although further anal. of endocrine disruption outcomes in crayfish is recommended. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Product Details of 6197-30-4

The Article related to procambarus bioaccumulation uv filter estrogen hormone, bioaccumulation, crayfish, endocrine disrupting chemicals, estrogenic hormones, sunscreen, uv-filters, Toxicology: Chemicals (Household, Industrial, General) and other aspects.Product Details of 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On April 20, 2020, Zhong, Xin; Downs, Craig A.; Li, Yuting; Zhang, Zishan; Li, Yiman; Liu, Binbin; Gao, Huiyuan; Li, Qingming published an article.Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4 The title of the article was Comparison of toxicological effects of oxybenzone, avobenzone, octocrylene, and octinoxate sunscreen ingredients on cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.). And the article contained the following:

Oxybenzone (OBZ), avobenzone (AVB), octocrylene (OCR) and octinoxate (OMC) are UV filters commonly added to chem. sunscreens. These UV filters are known to widely contaminate the environment through a variety of anthropogenic sources, including sewage discharge. However, systematic studies of the damage caused by these four UV filters and their toxicopathol. differences in a variety of plant species are lacking. In this study, we demonstrated that irrigation with water containing these four UV filters could significantly inhibit the aboveground growth of cucumber plant. All of the UV filters decreased photosynthesis through nonstomatal factors but via different inhibitory mechanisms. Only OBZ inhibited photosynthesis by directly inhibiting photosynthetic electron transport, while the other three (AVB, OCR, and OMC) inhibited photosynthesis by inhibiting the Calvin-Benson cycle. Addnl., these four UV filters also decreased plant respiration under long-term treatment. Photosynthesis and respiration inhibition led to the over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of lipid peroxidation damage products, which further damaged the structure and function of plant cells, causing secondary pathologies and potentially leading to reduced crop yields. The study also demonstrated that these four UV filters caused different degrees of phototoxic damage to cucumber plants. On the basis of comprehensive evaluation, we speculated that the order of the four UV filters in terms of plant damage was OBZ > AVB > OMC > OCR. Because of the severe damaging effects of these UV filters on plant growth, the application of contaminated biosolids/reclaimed water in agriculture reduces agricultural production and may damage ecosystems. The results of this study can advance recognition of the hazards associated with environmental and agricultural pollution via UV filters and encourage consumers and the industry to limit or reduce the application of cosmetics and over-the-counter drugs containing these substances. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4

The Article related to phytotoxicity oxybenzone avobenzone octocrylene octinoxate sunscreen plant growth, cucumber, electron transport, photosynthesis, ros, respiration, uv filters, Toxicology: Chemicals (Household, Industrial, General) and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On January 21, 2020, Matta, Murali K.; Florian, Jeffry; Zusterzeel, Robbert; Pilli, Nageswara R.; Patel, Vikram; Volpe, Donna A.; Yang, Yang; Oh, Luke; Bashaw, Edward; Zineh, Issam; Sanabria, Carlos; Kemp, Sarah; Godfrey, Anthony; Adah, Steven; Coelho, Sergio; Wang, Jian; Furlong, Lesley-Anne; Ganley, Charles; Michele, Theresa; Strauss, David G. published an article.SDS of cas: 6197-30-4 The title of the article was Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: a randomized clinical trial. And the article contained the following:

A prior pilot study demonstrated the systemic absorption of 4 sunscreen active ingredients; addnl. studies are needed to determine the systemic absorption of addnl. active ingredients and how quickly systemic exposure exceeds 0.5 ng/mL as recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To assess the systemic absorption and pharmacokinetics of the 6 active ingredients (avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, homosalate, octisalate, and octinoxate) in 4 sunscreen products under single- and maximal-use conditions. Randomized clin. trial at a clin. pharmacol. unit (West Bend, Wisconsin) was conducted in 48 healthy participants. The study was conducted between Jan. and Feb. 2019. Participants were randomized to 1 of 4 sunscreen products, formulated as lotion (n = 12), aerosol spray (n = 12), nonaerosol spray (n = 12), and pump spray (n = 12). Sunscreen product was applied at 2 mg/cm2 to 75% of body surface area at 0 h on day 1 and 4 times on day 2 through day 4 at 2-h intervals, and 34 blood samples were collected over 21 days from each participant. The primary outcome was the maximum plasma concentration of avobenzone over days 1 through 21. Secondary outcomes were the maximum plasma concentrations of oxybenzone, octocrylene, homosalate, octisalate, and octinoxate over days 1 through 21. Among 48 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 38.7 [13.2] years; 24 women [50%]; 23 white [48%], 23 African American [48%], 1 Asian [2%], and 1 of unknown race/ethnicity [2%]), 44 (92%) completed the trial. Geometric mean maximum plasma concentrations of all 6 active ingredients were greater than 0.5 ng/mL, and this threshold was surpassed on day 1 after a single application for all active ingredients. The overall maximum plasma concentrations for each active ingredient for each product formulation are shown in the table. The most common adverse event was rash, which developed in 14 participants. In this study conducted in a clin. pharmacol. unit and examining sunscreen application among healthy participants, all 6 of the tested active ingredients administered in 4 different sunscreen formulations were systemically absorbed and had plasma concentrations that surpassed the FDA threshold for potentially waiving some of the addnl. safety studies for sunscreens. These findings do not indicate that individuals should refrain from the use of sunscreen. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).SDS of cas: 6197-30-4

The Article related to sunscreens plasma concentration pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology: Drug Interactions and General Pharmacology and other aspects.SDS of cas: 6197-30-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On November 10, 2022, Yang, Lyu; Li, Guanghui; He, Ying; Li, Yonghong; Tang, Zhenwu published an article.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The title of the article was Occurrence and distribution of organic ultraviolet absorbents in soils and plants from a typical industrial area in South China. And the article contained the following:

Organic UV absorbents (UVAs) have attracted increasing concern due to their ubiquity, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. However, available information on their occurrence and transfer in terrestrial environment is still extremely insufficient. In this study, we investigated twelve UVAs in the soils and five terrestrial plant species from a typical industrial area in South China, and found their total concentrations were 5.87-76.1 (median 13.1) and 17.9-269 (median 82.9) ng/g dry weight, resp. Homosalate was dominant in soils while benzophenone and octrizole were predominant in plants, likely due to their complex sources and bioaccumulation preferences. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were further evaluated based on the ratios of UVA concentrations in plants and soils. The observed BAFs of UVAs were compound and species-specific, and most of them were much >1.0, indicating the chems. could be transferred from soils to plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of organic UVAs in field soil-plant systems, providing information that may improve our understanding of the bioaccumulability of these chems. in terrestrial environment and the associated risks. More studies are needed to investigate the transfer and bioaccumulation of such chems. in soils and terrestrial biota. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Category: esters-buliding-blocks

The Article related to organic uv absorbent toxicity bioaccumulation soil terrestrial ecosystem pollution, bioaccumulation factors, concentrations, organic ultraviolet absorbents, plant, soil, Fertilizers, Soils, and Plant Nutrition: Soil Pollution and other aspects.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On March 31, 2020, Xing, Xiangyang; Han, Xue; He, Lei; Cheng, Jiali; Zhong, Fuyong; Sun, Jiazheng; Tang, Zhenwu published an article.Application In Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate The title of the article was Organic ultraviolet-absorbing materials in street dust from Hefei, China: Concentrations, profiles, and human health risks. And the article contained the following:

Organic UV absorbents (UVAs) are widely found in the environment. However, little is known about UVA distributions in street dust and the risks they pose to human health. We determined the concentrations of 12 UVAs in street dust from cultural, residential, traffic, and industrial areas in Hefei, China. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor was not detected in the street dust samples. The total concentration range of the 11 other UVAs (S11UVAs) in the street dust samples was 6.42-94.2 ng/g. Octocrylene was the dominant UVA, contributing 53.8% of the S11UVA concentrations The UVA concentrations were higher in dust from the industrial area than in dust from cultural, residential, and traffic areas. Source anal. was performed, and industrial activities and the use of cosmetics and personal care products were found to be the main sources of UVAs in street dust. The health risks posed to humans exposed to UVAs in street dust in Hefei were generally low. More research is required to improve our understanding of the health risks posed to humans exposed to UVAs through other pathways. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).Application In Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

The Article related to human health risk organic uv absorbing material street dust, Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene: Industrial Hygiene and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics