Category: 617-52-7

Luo, Yani published the artcileCopper-Catalyzed Three-Component Germyl Peroxidation of Alkenes, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Organic Letters (2022), 24(12), 2425-2430, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The concurrent incorporation of a germyl fragment and another functional group (beyond the hydrogen atom) across the C=C double bond is a highly appealing yet challenging task. Herein, the efficient germyl peroxidation of alkenes with germanium hydrides and tert-Bu hydroperoxide via a copper-catalyzed three-component radical relay strategy is demonstrated. This protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and exquisite chemo- and regioselectivity under mild conditions and represents a rare example of constructing synthetically challenging metal-embedded organic peroxides.

Organic Letters published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wei, Rongbiao published the artcileIron-Catalyzed Alkylazidation of 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes with Diacylperoxides and TMSN₃, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Organic Letters (2020), 22(8), 3195-3199, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

An iron-catalyzed radical alkylazidation of electron-deficient alkenes was reported. Alkyl diacyl peroxides worked as the alkyl source, and trimethylsilyl azide acted as the azido reservoir. This method featured mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance, providing a range of α-azido compounds I [R = H, Me, Ph, etc.; R¹ = Me, Et, Bn; R² = Me, C₅H₁₁, C₁₁H₂₃, etc.] in high yields. These azides could be easily transferred into many kinds of amino acid derivatives

Organic Letters published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nastasi, Claudia published the artcileInhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity impairs human T cell activation and function, Quality Control of 617-52-7, the publication is Scientific Reports (2021), 11(1), 1458, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Abstract: T cell activation is intimately linked to metabolism, as distinct metabolic requirements support the functional and phenotypical differences between quiescent and activated T cells. Metabolic transition from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis is crucial for a proper T cell activation. However, the role of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and in particular succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in activated T cells needs further elucidation. Here we show that inhibition of SDH during activation of T cells results in strong impairment of proliferation, expression of activation markers, and production of key inflammatory cytokines, despite a concomitant increase in glycolytic metabolic activity. Similar effect of SDH inhibition were demonstrated in pre-activated T cell. Interestingly, itaconic acid, an endogenous SDH inhibitor released from activated macrophages and dendritic cells, had no immunomodulator effect. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SDH enzyme fitness is critical for mounting and maintaining appropriate activation and function of human T cells.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Quality Control of 617-52-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kuo, Ping-Chang published the artcileDimethyl itaconate, an itaconate derivative, exhibits immunomodulatory effects on neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Name: Dimethyl itaconate, the publication is Journal of Neuroinflammation (2020), 17(1), 138, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Abstract: Itaconate has recently emerged as a regulator of immune cell functions, especially in macrophages. Studies show that itaconate is required for the activation of anti-inflammatory transcription factor Nrf2 by LPS in mouse and human macrophages, and LPS-activated IRG1^-/- macrophages that lack endogenous itaconate production exhibit augmented inflammatory responses. Thus, we investigated whether itaconate possesses an immunomodulatory effect on regulating MG activation and CNS inflammation in animal models of multiple sclerosis, exptl. autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: Chronic C57BL/6 EAE was induced followed by DMI treatment. The effect of DMI on disease severity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, MG activation, peripheral Th1/Th17 differentiation, and the CNS infiltration of Th1/Th17 cells in EAE was determined Primary MG was cultured to study the effect of DMI on MG activation. Results: Our results show DMI ameliorated disease severity in the chronic C57BL/6 EAE model. Strikingly, DMI also exhibited a therapeutic effect on alleviating severity of relapse in the relapsing-remitting SJL/J EAE model. Conclusions: We demonstrate that DMI suppresses neuroinflammation and ameliorates disease severity in EAE through multiple cellular and mol. mechanisms, suggesting that DMI can be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS/EAE through its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.

Journal of Neuroinflammation published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Name: Dimethyl itaconate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ashor, Almabrok A. published the artcileOptimization of modifier deposition on the alumina surface to enhance mechanical properties and cavitation resistance, Name: Dimethyl itaconate, the publication is Polymer Bulletin (Heidelberg, Germany) (2020), 77(7), 3603-3620, database is CAplus.

Composites based on poly(Me methacrylate), di-Me itaconate matrix and alumina particles were prepared Ferrous oxide-doped alumina particles (Al₂O₃ Fe) and com. alumina nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ n) modified with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (AM) and Me esters of linseed oil fatty acids (biodiesel-BD) were used as reinforcement. The mech. properties of the prepared composites, containing 1, 3 and 5 weight% of surface-modified alumina particles, are compared to a neat polymer matrix. The particles were characterized by single-beam Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The mech. properties of the composites were determined by micro-Vickers hardness and impact testing. The morphol. of the surface of the composites exposed to cavitation was observed through a field emission scanning electron microscope. AFM anal. was used to compare surface features seen using the SEM and to interpret the surface degradation properties. The hardness, cavitation resistance and high-impact energy resistance of the composites are better in the case of AM surface modification of alumina fillers, but biodiesel modified particles have comparable mech. properties and a stabilized Al-O-Si bond that could be important when a composite is exposed to humidity or a wet environment.

Polymer Bulletin (Heidelberg, Germany) published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Name: Dimethyl itaconate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Demars, Aurore published the artcileAconitate decarboxylase 1 participates in the control of pulmonary Brucella infection in mice, HPLC of Formula: 617-52-7, the publication is PLoS Pathogens (2021), 17(9), e1009887, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Brucellosis is one of the most widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Here, our aim was to identify the effector mechanisms controlling the early stages of intranasal infection with Brucella in C57BL/6 mice. During the first 48 h of infection, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the main cells infected in the lungs. Using RNA sequencing, we identified the aconitate decarboxylase 1 gene (Acod1; also known as Immune responsive gene 1), as one of the genes most upregulated in murine AMs in response to B. melitensis infection at 24 h post-infection. Upregulation of Acod1 was confirmed by RT-qPCR in lungs infected with B. melitensis and B. abortus. We observed that Acod1^-/- C57BL/6 mice display a higher bacterial load in their lungs than wild-type (wt) mice following B. melitensis or B. abortus infection, demonstrating that Acod1 participates in the control of pulmonary Brucella infection. The ACOD1 enzyme is mostly produced in mitochondria of macrophages, and converts cis-aconitate, a metabolite in the Krebs cycle, into itaconate. Di-Me itaconate (DMI), a chem.-modified membrane permeable form of itaconate, has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on Brucella growth in vitro. Interestingly, structural anal. suggests the binding of itaconate into the binding site of B. abortus isocitrate lyase. DMI does not inhibit multiplication of the isocitrate lyase deletion mutant ΔaceA B. abortus in vitro. Finally, we observed that, unlike the wt strain, the ΔaceA B. abortus strain multiplies similarly in wt and Acod1^-/- C57BL/6 mice. These data suggest that bacterial isocitrate lyase might be a target of itaconate in AMs.

PLoS Pathogens published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, HPLC of Formula: 617-52-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Du, Xu published the artcileOxidative Catalytic Fractionation and Depolymerization of Lignin in a One-Pot Single-Catalyst System, Safety of Dimethyl itaconate, the publication is ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (2021), 9(23), 7719-7727, database is CAplus.

It has been known that the yield of lignin monomers during lignin depolymerization is limited by the irreversible condensations of lignin in the fractionation and/or depolymerization process. In this study, we report a new oxidative catalytic fractionation (OCF) process with a simple and effective one-pot but two-step approach to depolymerize lignin to lignin-derived chems. (LDCs) using polyoxometalate (POM) as the only catalyst. First, the POM effectively catalyzed the methoxylation of the active α-OH groups of lignin in a methanol and water mixture at low temperature (100°C), and 96% of the stabilized lignin in the lignocellulose sawdust was extracted to the solution simultaneously. Then the lignin solution was heated to an elevated temperature (140°C) in the same solvent. As a result, 74.0 weight % of the lignin (based on the weight of the Klason lignin in the wood) was converted to LDCs, including 45.9 weight % aromatic monomers.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Safety of Dimethyl itaconate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sharique, Mohammed published the artcileN-Heterocyclic carbene based catalytic platform for Hauser-Kraus annulations, COA of Formula: C7H10O4, the publication is Chemical Science (2020), 11(27), 7239-7243, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The venerable Hauser-Kraus annulation is an effective and convergent method for generating oxygenated polycyclic aromatic compounds Despite its application in complex mol. synthesis, the harsh and strongly basic conditions limit its utility in more functionalized mol. settings. The first catalytic Hauser-Kraus annulation was developed based on N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis that proceeded under milder conditions. The scope of the transformation in the presence of several functional groups were demonstrated. A concerted mechanism for the annulation that proceeded through a non-canonical Breslow intermediate was also proposed.

Chemical Science published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C10H10O4, COA of Formula: C7H10O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Krause, Andreas published the artcileMatsuda-Heck arylation of itaconates: a versatile approach to heterocycles from a renewable resource, Name: Dimethyl itaconate, the publication is Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (2021), 19(19), 4292-4302, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Itaconic acid esters and hemiesters ROC(O)CH₂C(=CH₂)C(O)OR¹ (R = Me, Et, n-Bu, i-Pr; R¹ = H, Me, Et, n-Bu) undergo Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions with arene diazonium salts ArN₂BF₄ [4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl, 2-(methoxycarbonyl)thiophen-3-yl, 2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yl, 2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, etc.] in high to excellent yields of arylidene succinates (E)-ArCH=C(CH₂C(O)OR)C(O)OR¹. The coupling products of ortho-nitro arene diazonium salts (E)-2-NO₂-R²C₆H₃CH=C(CH₂C(O)OR)C(O)OR¹ (R² = H, 4-Br, 5-Cl, 4-OMe) can be converted in one or two steps to benzazepine-2-ones I (R³ = H, 8-Br, 7-Cl, 8-OMe; R⁴ = methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, hydroxymethyl).

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Name: Dimethyl itaconate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Scheurlen, Katharina M published the artcileItaconate and leptin affecting PPARγ in M2 macrophages: A potential link to early-onset colorectal cancer., Application In Synthesis of 617-52-7, the publication is Surgery (2022), 171(3), 650-656, database is MEDLINE.

BACKGROUND: Along with the rising incidence of obesity, there has been an increase in patients diagnosed with early-onset colorectal cancer (<50 years old). In colorectal cancer, worse patient survival is associated with certain cytokine expression and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma expression. The effects of the obesity hormone leptin and macrophage-specific metabolite itaconate on these mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated their impact on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and macrophage cytokine expression in vitro. METHODS: M2-like macrophages were treated with either leptin, 4-octyl itaconate, or dimethyl itaconate in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Gene expression after treatment with 4 doses (D1-4) of each compound was analyzed at 4 time points (3, 6, 18, and 24 hours). RESULTS: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma was downregulated after 4-octyl itaconate treatment at 18 hours (FC -32.67, P â‰?.001). Interleukin-8 was upregulated after leptin and dimethyl itaconate treatment at 6 hours (FC 26.35 at D4, P â‰?.001, and FC 23.26 at D3, P = .006). Dimethyl itaconate upregulated IL-1β at 24 hours (FC 18.00 at D4, P â‰?.001). Tumor necrosis factor-α showed maximum downregulation after 4-octyl itaconate at 18 hours (FC -103.25 at D4, P â‰?.001). CONCLUSIONS: Itaconate downregulates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma as a tumor-suppressing factor and upregulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in M2-like macrophages. Itaconate provides a link between obesity and colorectal cancer and may be a key regulator in early-onset colorectal cancer.

Surgery published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Application In Synthesis of 617-52-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics