Category: 347174-05-4

Dong, Lihua; Yang, Bobo; Zhang, Yu; Wang, Suhua; Li, Fang; Xing, Guangwei; Farina, Marcelo; Zhang, Yubin; Appiah-Kubi, Kwaku; Tinkov, Alexey A.; Aschner, Michael; Shi, Haifeng; Liu, Tingting; Lu, Rongzhu published the artcile< Ferroptosis contributes to methylmercury-induced cytotoxicity in rat primary astrocytes and Buffalo rat liver cells>, HPLC of Formula: 347174-05-4, the main research area is methylmercury cytotoxicity ferroptosis Buffalo rat primary astrocyte liver cell; Ferritin heavy chain 1; Ferroptosis; Glutathione peroxidase 4; Methylmercury.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent nonapoptotic form of cell death, characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation However, the role of ferroptosis in methylmercury (MeHg)-induced cytotoxicity has yet to be fully characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ferroptosis in MeHg-induced cytotoxicity in both brain and liver cells. The effects of MeHg on cell viability, cytotoxicity, intracellular iron content, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, ferroptosis-related proteins, cytosolic and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined in rat primary astrocytes (AST) and Buffalo Rat Liver (BRL) cells in the absence or presence of the ferroptosis inhibitors deferoxamine (DFO) or ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). MeHg treatment decreased cell viability and increased cytotoxicity in AST and BRL cells. MeHg induced ferroptosis in AST and BRL cells was reflected by increased cytosolic ROS, lipid ROS and intracellular iron content, all of which were inhibited by the ferroptosis inhibitors DFO and/or Fer-1. MeHg inhibited the expression of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1). Furthermore, MeHg treatment decreased the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) without altering solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). DFO and Fer-1 significantly increased the expression of GPx4, yet had no effect on SLC7A11 upon MeHg treatment. Our novel results are consistent with ferroptosis as a key event mediating MeHg-induced toxicity, inhibiting GPx4 in AST and BRL cells. Ferroptosis may offer a new target for attenuating MeHg-induced toxic injury.

NeuroToxicology published new progress about Astrocyte. 347174-05-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C15H22N2O2, HPLC of Formula: 347174-05-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liao, Tingting; Xu, Xia; Ye, Xu; Yan, Jianying published the artcile< DJ-1 upregulates the Nrf2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit trophoblast ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia>, Product Details of C15H22N2O2, the main research area is DJ1 Nrf2 GPX4 signal trophoblast ferroptosis preeclampsia.

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death that involves disorders in iron metabolism and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the plasma membrane. Preeclampsia (PE) is a gestational idiopathic disease that is characterized by hypertension and albuminuria, begins after 20 wk of pregnancy. DJ-1 is a prerequisite for activating and stabilizing Nrf2 to allow translocation to the nucleus to carry out further functions. Detecting the expression levels of DJ-1, the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway and ferroptosis markers in placental tissues of pregnant women with and without PE. Analyzing the effects of the ferroptosis inducer (RSL3) and the inhibitor (Fer-1) on the mortality rate of BeWo cells and DJ-1+/+, DJ-1-/- BeWo cells. Ferroptosis markers (MDA concentration and morphol. of trophoblast cells) and DJ-1 and its downstream the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway increased significantly in PE pathol. state. The expression levels of DJ-1 protein in the control group and the PE group were pos. correlated with the expression levels of Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway protein, and neg. correlated with the MDA concentration BeWo cells were sensitive to the ferroptosis inducer (RSL3) and the inhibitor (Fer-1). The high expression levels of DJ-1 in BeWo cells can resist ferroptosis by regulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of PE. DJ-1 can mediate the trophoblast cells ferroptosis and play a protective role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by regulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Ferroptosis. 347174-05-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C15H22N2O2, Product Details of C15H22N2O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Meng-Die; Fu, Lin; Lv, Bian-Bian; Xiang, Ying; Xiang, Hui-Xian; Xu, De-Xiang; Zhao, Hui published the artcile< Arsenic induces ferroptosis and acute lung injury through mtROS-mediated mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane dysfunction>, Safety of Ethyl 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoate, the main research area is arsenic ferroptosis acute lung injury mtROS ER membrane dysfunction; Acute lung injury; Arsenic; Ferroptosis; Mitofusin-2; MtROS; PERK.

The goal of this study was to analyze whether mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAMs) dysfunction mediated arsenic (As)-evoked pulmonary ferroptosis and acute lung injury (ALI). As exposure led to alveolar structure damage, inflammatory cell infiltration and pulmonary function decline in mice. Ferritin, the marker of iron overload, was increased, GPX4, the index of lipid peroxidation, was decreased in As-exposed lungs and pulmonary epithelial cells (MLE-12). Pretreatment with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), the inhibitor of ferroptosis, alleviated As-evoked ALI. In addition, As-induced non-heme iron deposition was inhibited in Fer-1 pretreated-mice. Moreover, As-triggered mitochondria damage and ferroptosis were mitigated in Fer-1 pretreated-MLE-12 cells. Mechanistically, PERK phosphorylation and mitofusin-2 (Mfn-2) reduction was observed in As-exposed MLE-12 cells and mice lungs. Addnl., the interaction between PERK and Mfn-2 was downregulated and MAMs dysfunction was observed in As-exposed MLE-12 cells. Intriguingly, PERK inhibitor and Mfn-2-overexpression all mitigated As-induced ferroptosis in MLE-12 cells. Addnl., CLPP and mtHSP70, the markers of mitochondrial stress, were upregulated, mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) was elevated, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP were decreased in As-exposed MLE-12 cells. Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ), a novel mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, alleviated As-induced excess mtROS, mitochondrial stress, MAMs dysfunction in pulmonary epithelial cells. Similarly, in vivo experiments indicated that MitoQ pretreatment countered As-induced pulmonary ferroptosis and ALI. These data indicated that mtROS-initiated MAMs dysfunction is, at least partially, implicated in As-evoked ferroptosis and ALI.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety published new progress about Acute pulmonary injury. 347174-05-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C15H22N2O2, Safety of Ethyl 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Charaschanya, Manwika; Maskrey, Taber S.; LaPorte, Matthew G.; Janjic, Jelena M.; Wipf, Peter published the artcile< Synthesis and optimization of nitroxide-based inhibitors of ferroptotic cell death in cancer cells and macrophages>, Computed Properties of 347174-05-4, the main research area is alkene peptide isostere synthesis nitroxide inhibitor ferroptotic cell death; peptide alkene enantioselective diastereoselective synthesis antitumor structure activity ferroptosis; vinylogous Mannich reaction cross metathesis drug desigh luminescence.

JP4-039 Is an alkene peptide isostere that acts as a low-micromolar inhibitor of erastin- and RSL-3-induced ferroptotic cell death in the HT-1080 cell line. In this work, we have developed new synthetic strategies that allow access to analogs of this lead structure. Enantioselective vinylogous Mannich or cross-metathesis reactions were key to the preparation of a series of analogs that culminated in the preparation of the ca. 30-fold more potent analog (I) (BOC = tert-butoxycarbonyl). Structure-activity relationship analyses used both HT-1080 cells and a luminescence-based ferroptosis assay in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In particular, α,α-disubstituted alkene peptide isosteres (Rα ≠ H) were found to exceed the potency of the corresponding glycine (Rα = H) derivatives

ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about Alkenes Role: PAC (Pharmacological Activity), RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), THU (Therapeutic Use), BIOL (Biological Study), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation), USES (Uses) (peptides). 347174-05-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C15H22N2O2, Computed Properties of 347174-05-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cordon, Marie B.; Jacobsen, Kristian M.; Nielsen, Cecilie S.; Hjerrild, Per; Poulsen, Thomas B. published the artcile< Forward Chemical Genetic Screen for Oxygen-Dependent Cytotoxins Uncovers New Covalent Fragments that Target GPX4>, Safety of Ethyl 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoate, the main research area is oxygen gPX chem geneticscreen cytotoxin covalent fragment; GPX4; covalent fragments; ferroptosis; hypoxia; phenotypic screening.

The identification of growth inhibitory compounds with the ability to selectively target the cellular oxygenation state may be of therapeutic interest. Here, a phenotypic screen of a covalent fragment library revealed diverse compounds containing propiolamide warheads with selective toxicity for liver cancer cells in normoxic conditions. Target identification and validation through CETSA and direct pulldown experiments demonstrated that several compounds target glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and induce ferroptotic cell death. Although being an oxidative cell death mechanism, ferroptosis can be induced also under hypoxic conditions. Prompted by the selective toxicity discovered in the screen, we mapped the oxygen-dependence of several ferroptosis-inducing compounds across three different cell lines. These studies revealed combinations with notable reductions in sensitivity under hypoxic conditions. These observations are mechanistically interesting and may be relevant for the use of ferroptosis-inducers as anti-cancer agents.

ChemBioChem published new progress about Antitumor agents. 347174-05-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C15H22N2O2, Safety of Ethyl 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Xie, Zhenxing; Xu, Mang; Xie, Jie; Liu, Tao; Xu, Xie; Gao, Wei; Li, Zhanfei; Bai, Xiangjun; Liu, Xinghua published the artcile< Inhibition of ferroptosis attenuates glutamate excitotoxicity and nuclear autophagy in a CLP septic mouse model>, Computed Properties of 347174-05-4, the main research area is ferroptosis glutamate excitotoxicity nuclear autophagy sepsis associated encaphalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) often manifests in severe diffuse cerebral dysfunction due to an aberrant systemic immune response to infection. The underlying pathophysiol. of SAE is not entirely understood but is likely a multifactorial process that involves disruption in cell death mechanism. Ferroptosis is a novel formof programmed cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, leading to inflammatory cascade and glutamate release. We hypothesized that ferroptosis is involved in the glutamate-mediated excitotoxic neuron injury during the uncontrolled neural inflammatory process of SAE. Inhibiting ferroptosis with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) could alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity and reduce neuron death of SAE, potentially improving prognosis. We found that in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, ferroptosis occurred increasingly in the cerebrum, characterized by glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, transferrin upregulation, mitochondria shrink and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Fer-1 treatment downregulated cerebral ferroptosis and alleviated glutamate excitotoxicity via dampening system xc-(SXC) and glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-asperate receptor subunit 2. Combined with an observed reduction in calcium transporter PLCG and PLCB activation, these processes ultimately protected the integrities of synapses and neurons during SAE. Fer-1 treatment also rescued sepsis-induced nuclear autophagy and improved the behaviors of tail suspension test and novel object recognition test in septic mice. Conclusively, our results suggested that inhibition of ferroptosis could attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity and SAE outcomes.

Shock published new progress about AMPA receptors, GluR1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 347174-05-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C15H22N2O2, Computed Properties of 347174-05-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kotschi, Stefan; Jung, Anna; Willemsen, Nienke; Ofoghi, Anahita; Proneth, Bettina; Conrad, Marcus; Bartelt, Alexander published the artcile< NFE2L1-mediated proteasome function protects from ferroptosis>, Product Details of C15H22N2O2, the main research area is NFE2L1 proteasome function protect ferroptosis; Brown adipose tissue; Ferroptosis; GPX4; Lipids; Proteasome; Ubiquitin.

Ferroptosis continues to emerge as a novel modality of cell death with important therapeutic implications for a variety of diseases, most notably cancer and degenerative diseases. While susceptibility, initiation, and execution of ferroptosis have been linked to reprogramming of cellular lipid metabolism, imbalances in iron-redox homeostasis, and aberrant mitochondrial respiration, the detailed mechanisms of ferroptosis are still insufficiently well understood.Here we show that diminished proteasome function is a new mechanistic feature of ferroptosis. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2, like-1 (NFE2L1) protects from ferroptosis by sustaining proteasomal activity. In cellular systems, loss of NFE2L1 reduced cellular viability after the induction of both chem. and genetically induced ferroptosis, which was linked to the regulation of proteasomal activity under these conditions. Importantly, this was reproduced in a Sedaghatian-type Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia (SSMD) patient-derived cell line carrying mutated glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), a critical regulator of ferroptosis. Also, reduced proteasomal activity was associated with ferroptosis in Gpx4-deficient mice. In a mouse model for genetic Nfe2l1 deficiency, we observed brown adipose tissue (BAT) involution, hyperubiquitination of ferroptosis regulators, including the GPX4 pathway, and other hallmarks of ferroptosis.Our data highlight the relevance of the NFE2L1-proteasome pathway in ferroptosis. Manipulation of NFE2L1 activity might enhance ferroptosis-inducing cancer therapies as well as protect from aberrant ferroptosis in neurodegeneration, general metabolism, and beyond.

Molecular Metabolism published new progress about Brown adipose tissue. 347174-05-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C15H22N2O2, Product Details of C15H22N2O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kotschi, Stefan; Jung, Anna; Willemsen, Nienke; Ofoghi, Anahita; Proneth, Bettina; Conrad, Marcus; Bartelt, Alexander published the artcile< NFE2L1-mediated proteasome function protects from ferroptosis>, Product Details of C15H22N2O2, the main research area is NFE2L1 proteasome function protect ferroptosis; Brown adipose tissue; Ferroptosis; GPX4; Lipids; Proteasome; Ubiquitin.

Ferroptosis continues to emerge as a novel modality of cell death with important therapeutic implications for a variety of diseases, most notably cancer and degenerative diseases. While susceptibility, initiation, and execution of ferroptosis have been linked to reprogramming of cellular lipid metabolism, imbalances in iron-redox homeostasis, and aberrant mitochondrial respiration, the detailed mechanisms of ferroptosis are still insufficiently well understood.Here we show that diminished proteasome function is a new mechanistic feature of ferroptosis. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2, like-1 (NFE2L1) protects from ferroptosis by sustaining proteasomal activity. In cellular systems, loss of NFE2L1 reduced cellular viability after the induction of both chem. and genetically induced ferroptosis, which was linked to the regulation of proteasomal activity under these conditions. Importantly, this was reproduced in a Sedaghatian-type Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia (SSMD) patient-derived cell line carrying mutated glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), a critical regulator of ferroptosis. Also, reduced proteasomal activity was associated with ferroptosis in Gpx4-deficient mice. In a mouse model for genetic Nfe2l1 deficiency, we observed brown adipose tissue (BAT) involution, hyperubiquitination of ferroptosis regulators, including the GPX4 pathway, and other hallmarks of ferroptosis.Our data highlight the relevance of the NFE2L1-proteasome pathway in ferroptosis. Manipulation of NFE2L1 activity might enhance ferroptosis-inducing cancer therapies as well as protect from aberrant ferroptosis in neurodegeneration, general metabolism, and beyond.

Molecular Metabolism published new progress about Brown adipose tissue. 347174-05-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C15H22N2O2, Product Details of C15H22N2O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Xie, Zhenxing; Xu, Mang; Xie, Jie; Liu, Tao; Xu, Xie; Gao, Wei; Li, Zhanfei; Bai, Xiangjun; Liu, Xinghua published the artcile< Inhibition of ferroptosis attenuates glutamate excitotoxicity and nuclear autophagy in a CLP septic mouse model>, Computed Properties of 347174-05-4, the main research area is ferroptosis glutamate excitotoxicity nuclear autophagy sepsis associated encaphalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) often manifests in severe diffuse cerebral dysfunction due to an aberrant systemic immune response to infection. The underlying pathophysiol. of SAE is not entirely understood but is likely a multifactorial process that involves disruption in cell death mechanism. Ferroptosis is a novel formof programmed cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, leading to inflammatory cascade and glutamate release. We hypothesized that ferroptosis is involved in the glutamate-mediated excitotoxic neuron injury during the uncontrolled neural inflammatory process of SAE. Inhibiting ferroptosis with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) could alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity and reduce neuron death of SAE, potentially improving prognosis. We found that in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, ferroptosis occurred increasingly in the cerebrum, characterized by glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, transferrin upregulation, mitochondria shrink and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Fer-1 treatment downregulated cerebral ferroptosis and alleviated glutamate excitotoxicity via dampening system xc-(SXC) and glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-asperate receptor subunit 2. Combined with an observed reduction in calcium transporter PLCG and PLCB activation, these processes ultimately protected the integrities of synapses and neurons during SAE. Fer-1 treatment also rescued sepsis-induced nuclear autophagy and improved the behaviors of tail suspension test and novel object recognition test in septic mice. Conclusively, our results suggested that inhibition of ferroptosis could attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity and SAE outcomes.

Shock published new progress about AMPA receptors, GluR1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 347174-05-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C15H22N2O2, Computed Properties of 347174-05-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liao, Tingting; Xu, Xia; Ye, Xu; Yan, Jianying published the artcile< DJ-1 upregulates the Nrf2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit trophoblast ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia>, Product Details of C15H22N2O2, the main research area is DJ1 Nrf2 GPX4 signal trophoblast ferroptosis preeclampsia.

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death that involves disorders in iron metabolism and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the plasma membrane. Preeclampsia (PE) is a gestational idiopathic disease that is characterized by hypertension and albuminuria, begins after 20 wk of pregnancy. DJ-1 is a prerequisite for activating and stabilizing Nrf2 to allow translocation to the nucleus to carry out further functions. Detecting the expression levels of DJ-1, the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway and ferroptosis markers in placental tissues of pregnant women with and without PE. Analyzing the effects of the ferroptosis inducer (RSL3) and the inhibitor (Fer-1) on the mortality rate of BeWo cells and DJ-1+/+, DJ-1-/- BeWo cells. Ferroptosis markers (MDA concentration and morphol. of trophoblast cells) and DJ-1 and its downstream the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway increased significantly in PE pathol. state. The expression levels of DJ-1 protein in the control group and the PE group were pos. correlated with the expression levels of Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway protein, and neg. correlated with the MDA concentration BeWo cells were sensitive to the ferroptosis inducer (RSL3) and the inhibitor (Fer-1). The high expression levels of DJ-1 in BeWo cells can resist ferroptosis by regulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of PE. DJ-1 can mediate the trophoblast cells ferroptosis and play a protective role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by regulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Ferroptosis. 347174-05-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C15H22N2O2, Product Details of C15H22N2O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics