Category: 3319-31-1

Kambia, Nicolas; Farce, Amaury; Belarbi, Karim; Gressier, Bernard; Luyckx, Michel; Chavatte, Philippe; Dine, Thierry published an article in 2016, the title of the article was Docking study: PPARs interaction with the selected alternative plasticizers to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.COA of Formula: C33H54O6 And the article contains the following content:

Phthalates, used in medical devices (MDs), have been identified as reproductive and developmental toxicants. Their toxicity varies somewhat depending on the specific phthalate and is in part linked to the activation of Peroxisome Proliferating-Activated Receptors (PPARs). So, the use of MDs containing targeted phthalates such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been challenged by European directive 2007/47/EC. Therefore, MDs manufacturers were forced to quickly find replacement plasticizers. However, very little toxicol. and epidemiol. studies are available on human health. So, we proceeded to dock these chems. in order to identify compounds that are likely to interact with PPARs binding sites. The results obtained are generally very mixed on the harmlessness of these alternatives. Moreover, no data exist on the biol. effects of their possible metabolites. As DEHP toxicity resulted mainly from its major metabolites, generalizing the use of these plasticizers without conducting extensive studies on the possible effects on human health of their metabolites seems inconceivable. The experimental process involved the reaction of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate(cas: 3319-31-1).COA of Formula: C33H54O6

The Article related to dehp alternative plasticizer ppar interaction docking, alternative plasticizers, ppars, docking, medical devices, toxicological action, Toxicology: Chemicals (Household, Industrial, General) and other aspects.COA of Formula: C33H54O6

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On September 15, 2020, Eckert, Elisabeth; Mueller, Johannes; Hoellerer, Christine; Purbojo, Ariawan; Cesnjevar, Robert; Goeen, Thomas; Muench, Frank published an article.Quality Control of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate The title of the article was Plasticizer exposure of infants during cardiac surgery. And the article contained the following:

In the present study we investigated the internal exposure situation of infant patients to the plasticizers TEHTM (tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate) and DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate). The study collective included 21 infant patients aged 2-22 mo that had to undergo cardiac surgery using cardio pulmonary bypass (CPB). Each patient, but one, received blood products during surgery. A special feature was that the used CPB tubings were exclusively plasticized with the alternative plasticizer TEHTM and were free of the standard plasticizer DEHP, that raises increasing toxicol. concern. The blood products were stored in DEHP plasticized blood bags. Blood and urine samples of each infant patient were analyzed before and after the surgery for the levels of the plasticizers DEHP and TEHTM and their metabolites. In general, the plasticizers were detected in the post-surgery blood samples only, with TEHTM in low levels (median 18.4μg/L) and DEHP in rather elevated levels (median 1046μg/L). With respect to the urine samples, TEHTM metabolites were not detected in any of the samples. DEHP metabolites were found in all urine samples, however, in significantly increased median levels in the post-surgery urine samples of the infants (increase factor 5-26). Thus, the present study clearly demonstrates the strong contribution of standard medical procedures to the internal plasticizer burden of patients. Particularly with regard to the suspected endocrine disrupting activities of the phthalate plasticizer DEHP, the elevated internal levels of this plasticizer and its metabolites in infants following cardiac surgery are alarming. The experimental process involved the reaction of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate(cas: 3319-31-1).Quality Control of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

The Article related to plasticizer exposure human infant cardiac surgery, biomonitoring, cardio pulmonary bypass, dehp, medical devices, packed red blood cells, totm, urine, Toxicology: Chemicals (Household, Industrial, General) and other aspects.Quality Control of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

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On February 1, 2020, Watanabe, Michiko; Sasaki, Takamitsu; Takeshita, Jun-ichi; Kushida, Madoka; Shimizu, Yuki; Oki, Hitomi; Kitsunai, Yoko; Nakayama, Haruka; Saruhashi, Hitomi; Ogura, Rui; Shizu, Ryota; Hosaka, Takuomi; Yoshinari, Kouichi published an article.Quality Control of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate The title of the article was Application of cytochrome P450 reactivity on the characterization of chemical compounds and its association with repeated-dose toxicity. And the article contained the following:

Repeated-dose toxicity (RDT) studies are one of the critical studies to assess chem. safety. There have been some studies attempting to predict RDT endpoints based on chem. substructures, but it remains very difficult to establish such a method, and a more detailed characterization of chem. compounds seems necessary. Cytochrome P450s (P450s) comprise multiple forms with different substrate specificities and play important roles in both the detoxification and metabolic activation of xenobiotics. In this study, we investigated possible use of P 450 reactivity of chem. compounds to classify the compounds A total of 148 compounds with available rat RDT test data were used as test compounds and subjected to inhibition assays against 18 human and rat P450s. Among the tested compounds, 82 compounds inhibited at least one P 450 form. Hierarchical clustering analyses using the P 450 inhibitory profiles divided the 82 compounds into nine groups, some of which showed characteristic chem. and biol. properties. Principal component analyses of the P 450 inhibition data in combination with the calculated chem. descriptors demonstrated that P 450 inhibition data were plotted differently than most chem. descriptors in the loading plots. Finally, association analyses between P 450 inhibition and RDT endpoints showed that some endpoints related to the liver, kidney and hematol. were significantly associated with the inhibition of some P450s. Our present results suggest that the P 450 reactivity profiles can be used as novel descriptors for characterizing chem. compounds for the investigation of the toxicity mechanism and/or the establishment of a toxicity prediction model. The experimental process involved the reaction of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate(cas: 3319-31-1).Quality Control of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

The Article related to cytochrome chem compound repeated dose toxicity, chemical descriptors, cytochrome p450, enzyme inhibition, repeated-dose toxicity, toxicity prediction, Pharmacology: Drug Interactions and General Pharmacology and other aspects.Quality Control of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

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On November 22, 2021, Song, Ruimeng; Sha, Aimin; Shi, Ke; Li, Jiarong; Li, Xinzhou; Zhang, Fan published an article.COA of Formula: C33H54O6 The title of the article was Polyphosphoric acid and plasticizer modified asphalt: Rheological properties and modification mechanism. And the article contained the following:

Plasticizers have been proven to be effective in improving the low temperature flexibility of asphalt; however, plasticizer modified asphalts exhibit compromised high temperature stability. In this regard, polyphosphoric acid (PPA) may offer some advantages. This study aims to investigate the conventional properties, rheol. behavior, thermal storage stability, and microstructure of plasticizer and PPA (plasticizer/PPA) modified asphalts. The exptl. design comprises two plasticizers (dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and trioctyl trimelliate (TOTM)) and four PPA contents (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt%). The prepared plasticizer/PPA modified asphalts are examined by rotational viscometer, dynamic shear rheometer, bending beam rheometer, thermal storage, and Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The results show that the high temperature deformation resistance and elastic recovery ability of the plasticizer modified asphalts are effectively improved by the addition of PPA, and the improvement degree is pos. correlated to the PPA content. PPA also has a beneficial effect on the low temperature performance of the plasticizer modified asphalts; however, the effect weakens with the PPA content increase. Moreover, the results of Anal. of Variance – Tukey’s HSD anal. show that DOP/PPA and TOTM/PPA modified asphalts have significant difference in high and low temperature performance. The results of the thermal storage tests demonstrate that the plasticizer/PPA modified asphalts have excellent storage ability. The FTIR results show that the plasticizers are phys. mixed with base asphalt, whereas there is a chem. reaction between PPA and the plasticizer modified asphalts. In general, the preparation process of plasticizer/PPA modified asphalts is simple and they have good comprehensive performance, which illustrate that combined plasticizer and PPA modification is a promising technol. The experimental process involved the reaction of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate(cas: 3319-31-1).COA of Formula: C33H54O6

The Article related to polyphosphoric acid plasticizer modified asphalt, Cement, Concrete, and Related Building Materials: Concretes and other aspects.COA of Formula: C33H54O6

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Chong, Zhen Yee; Sandanamsamy, Sylvia; Ismail, Nur Najihah; Mohamad, Suriyati; Hanafiah, Khayriyyah Mohd published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Bio-Guided fractionation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fruit and interactions of compounds with first-line antituberculosis drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra.SDS of cas: 3319-31-1 And the article contains the following content:

Natural products with antimycobacterial adjuvant potential may be utilized to address the rise of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). The antioxidant-rich oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fruit (OPF) was investigated for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Ra using bio-guided fractionation techniques, followed by determination of fractional inhibition index (FIC) with first-line anti-TB drugs. In vitro screening using microplate Alamar blue assay showed n-hexane and chloroform partitions of OPF mesocarp had a min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 400-800μg/mL. The n-hexane fraction contained nonanoic acid (C9H18O2), decanoic acid (C10H20O2), and dodecanoic acid (C12H24O2), identified by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry, which all had an MIC of 50μg/mL. Nonanoic and decanoic acids had additive effects when combined with streptomycin (FIC index: 0.625) and rifampicin (FIC index: 0.75), resp. Isoniazid had a 16-fold increase in activity when combined with nonanoic acid and decanoic acid. The combination of nonanoic acid with streptomycin was bactericidal to 99.9% of MTB H37Ra by Day 7 of the time-kill assay, with structural damage of the cell wall observed using electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity assessment using Vero cells confirmed nonanoic acid had low toxicity with LC50 of > 200μg/mL. The bio-guided fractionation of OPF shows the presence of fatty acids with anti-TB adjuvant potential. The experimental process involved the reaction of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate(cas: 3319-31-1).SDS of cas: 3319-31-1

The Article related to elaeis fruit decanoic dodecanoic acid antituberculosis cytotoxicity tuberculosis, Food and Feed Chemistry: Fruits, Vegetables, Legumes, and Nuts and other aspects.SDS of cas: 3319-31-1

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Takekoshi, Saki; Takano, Kotaro; Matoba, Yoshihide; Mukumoto, Makiko; Tachibana, Akira published an article in 2022, the title of the article was Establishing a ready biodegradability test system using OxiTop to evaluate chemical fate in a realistic environment.Application In Synthesis of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate And the article contains the following content:

The purpose of this study is to propose the use of OxiTop for measuring BOD (BOD) under the Japanese Chem. Substances Control Law in order to properly evaluate chem. fate in a real environment. In our previous study, the biodegradation of test chems. was accelerated by both adsorbing the chem. to silica gel with chloroform and increasing the medium volume from 300 to 3900 mL in the OECD 301F test using a coulometer. However, the biodegradability of these chems. could not be evaluated based on BOD due to chloroform residue in the silica gel, or the medium volume could not be increased further due to the oven size of the coulometer. In this study, we established an evaluation system using OxiTop based on BOD by increasing the medium volume to 9000 mL. Based on triplicate testing, increasing the medium volume accelerated biodegradation and decreased variation in BOD. The experimental process involved the reaction of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate(cas: 3319-31-1).Application In Synthesis of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

The Article related to biodegradability coulometer oxitop test medium volume, oecd 301, oxitop®, biodegradability, coulometer, test medium volume, Waste Treatment and Disposal: Chemical Treatment Of Aqueous Wastes and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

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On February 5, 2019, Malarvannan, Govindan; Onghena, Matthias; Verstraete, Soren; van Puffelen, Esther; Jacobs, An; Vanhorebeek, Ilse; Verbruggen, Sascha C. A. T.; Joosten, Koen F. M.; Van den Berghe, Greet; Jorens, Philippe G.; Covaci, Adrian published an article.Reference of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate The title of the article was Phthalate and alternative plasticizers in indwelling medical devices in pediatric intensive care units. And the article contained the following:

The present study aimed to identify plasticizers present in indwelling plastic medical devices commonly used in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We have analyzed a wide range of medical devices (n = 97) daily used in the PICUs of two academic hospitals in Belgium and the Netherlands. Identified compounds varied between the samples. Most of the indwelling medical devices and essential accessories were found to actively leach phthalates and alternative plasticizers. Results indicated that DEHP was predominantly present as plasticizer (60 of 97 samples), followed by bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA, 32 of 97), bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT, 24 of 97), tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM, 20 of 97), and tributyl-O-acetyl citrate (ATBC, 10 of 97). Other plasticizers, such as di-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH, 2 of 97), di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP, 4 of 97), di(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP, 4 of 97) and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP, 2 of 97) were detected in < 5% of the investigated samples. Several devices contained multiple plasticizers, e.g. devices containing TOTM contained also DEHP and DEHT. Our data indicate that PICU patients are exposed to a wide range of plasticizers, including the controversial DEHP. Future studies should investigate the exposure to APs in children staying in the PICU and the possible health effects thereof. The experimental process involved the reaction of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate(cas: 3319-31-1).Reference of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

The Article related to phthalate alternative plasticizer indwelling medical device picu, alternative plasticizers, dehp, medical devices, picu, phthalates, Waste Treatment and Disposal: Chemical Treatment Of Aqueous Wastes and other aspects.Reference of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

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Takekoshi, Saki; Takano, Kotaro; Matoba, Yoshihide; Sato, Masayuki; Tachibana, Akira published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Investigation of OECD 301F ready biodegradability test to evaluate chemical fate in a realistic environment.SDS of cas: 3319-31-1 And the article contains the following content:

The OECD 301F ready biodegradability test has been approved for use under the Japanese Chem. Substances Control Law since 2018. This test uses activated sludge obtained from a sewage treatment plant instead of the standard activated sludge used for the 301C test. In addition, the test is allowed to add an inert support or emulsifying agent, and/or to change the volume of the test medium. In this study, we first confirmed that the standard sludge had lower biodegradation activities than the sludge taken from a sewage treatment plant. Second, we showed that biodegradation percentages were increased by adding suitable amounts of silica gel or Tween 80. Third, we found that the biodegradations were accelerated by only increasing the medium volume under the conditions that concentrations of chem., silica gel, and sludge were held constant These findings are expected to contribute to the appropriate evaluation of chem. fate in a realistic environment. The experimental process involved the reaction of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate(cas: 3319-31-1).SDS of cas: 3319-31-1

The Article related to realistic environment chem fate biodegradability, oecd 301, tween 80, activated sludge, biodegradability, silica gel, volume of test medium, Waste Treatment and Disposal: Physical Treatment Of Aqueous Wastes and other aspects.SDS of cas: 3319-31-1

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On February 29, 2016, Prasopnatra, Preeyanuch; Sirisinha, Chakrit; Sae-oui, Pongdhorn published an article.Electric Literature of 3319-31-1 The title of the article was Processability and mouldability of hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber: effects of co-agent, processing aids and softener in HNBR. And the article contained the following:

Rheol. properties of carbon black filled hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) incorporated with various loadings of co-agents (Sartomer TRIM, Sartomer ZDA), processing aids (Struktol WB222 and Struktol NS60) and softener (TOTM) were determined and compared. With these chems., improvements in processability and moldability of HNBR compounds are observed at different magnitudes. Struktol WB222 provides the greatest improvement whereas Sartomer ZDA shows the least. Cure characteristics of the HNBR compounds are also affected, i.e., the additi- on of acrylate-based chems. such as Sartomer TRIM and Sartomer ZDA results in the enhanced cure rate and state-of-cure whereas the addition of Struktol WB222, Struktol NS60 and TOTM shows the opposite result trends. The experimental process involved the reaction of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate(cas: 3319-31-1).Electric Literature of 3319-31-1

The Article related to hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber aid softener coagent effect property, Synthetic Elastomers and Natural Rubber: Compounding and Processing and other aspects.Electric Literature of 3319-31-1

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On March 10, 2022, Cui, Junwei; Jander, Julius H.; Koller, Thomas M.; Froeba, Andreas P. published an article.Related Products of 3319-31-1 The title of the article was Viscosity and Surface Tension of High-Viscosity Standard Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Trimellitate Close to 0.1 MPa between 273 and 523 K by Surface Light Scattering. And the article contained the following:

In the present work, the liquid viscosity and surface tension of tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) was determined close to 0.1 MPa over a temperature range between 273 and 523 K by surface light scattering (SLS). Such investigations were stimulated by the fact that TOTM is suggested as a potential viscosity standard of moderately high viscosity for temperatures up to 473 K and pressures up to 200 MPa. Based on the SLS experiments at macroscopic thermodn. equilibrium, a simultaneous determination of liquid viscosity from 273 to 523 K and surface tension from 398 to 523 K with relative expanded uncertainties typically below 0.03 (coverage factor k = 2) was possible. To evaluate the results from SLS and to check possible surface orientation effects found in our previous SLS studies on liquid organic hydrogen carriers, conventional methods in the form of the pendant-drop method and capillary viscometry were used to determine the surface tension and viscosity from 273 to 573 K and from 293 to 353 K, resp. For evaluating all exptl. methods applied, the liquid d. was obtained with the help of a vibrating-tube densimeter between 283 and 473 K. From a long-time SLS study at 573 K and subsequent d. and NMR measurements, a clear sample degradation of TOTM was observed, which may hinder its application as an industrial viscosity standard above 523 K. For both the surface tension and the viscosity which covers a range between about 1500 and 0.9 mPa at temperatures between 273 and 523 K, agreement between the results from SLS and the conventional methods within combined uncertainties was found, which is also valid by comparison with the literature. In summary, the exptl. results from this work could not only contribute to an improved data situation for viscosity and surface tension of TOTM over a broad temperature range but also reveal that TOTM does not show pronounced mol. orientation effects at the vapor-liquid interface which would influence the dynamics of the surface fluctuations probed by SLS. The experimental process involved the reaction of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate(cas: 3319-31-1).Related Products of 3319-31-1

The Article related to viscosity surface tension tris ethylhexyl trimellitate surface light scattering, Physical Organic Chemistry: Other Reactions, Processes, and Spectra and other aspects.Related Products of 3319-31-1

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