Category: 31566-31-1

Analysis of functional traits in Gracilaria dura (Rhodophyta: Gracilariacae) reveals variation in wild and farmed populations was written by Sambhwani, Kanchan;Mathukiya, Gangotri;Dawange, Pankaj S.;Sequeira, Rosy Alphons;Prasad, Kamalesh;Mantri, Vaibhav A.. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Phycology in 2022.Computed Properties of C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Seaweeds, due to their diverse product profile, are in huge demand globally, and therefore, to meet feedstock requirements, farming is pivotal. Gracilaria dura from Indian waters, due to its quality agar, has recently gained industry attention. This species has shown considerable phenotypic differences in wild and cultivated clones after uninterrupted farming for the last 15 years via vegetative propagation. Thus, to further assess the changes at the biochem. level, these two populations were studied for three consecutive months, viz. Dec., Jan. and Feb. The daily growth rate (DGR) ranged 3.52 卤 0.56 to 4.54 卤 0.31% day-1 for cultivated samples and 3.11 卤 0.29 to 4.20 卤 0.39% day-1 for wild samples. The cultivated samples showed 1.5 times higher DGR and 1.8 times higher productivity in Dec. assemblage, resp. Antioxidant potential was statistically similar for both samples and ranging from 0.029 卤 0.004 to 0.092 卤 0.001 mg g-1 FW ascorbic acid equivalent Amongst the proximate parameters, protein 22.38%, lipid 25% and carbohydrate 30.67% were significantly higher in Feb. cultivated samples. The native agar yields ranged from 5.02 to 3.43% on fresh weight biomass for all samples. Feb. cultivated samples gave a high agar yield, but the gel strength was the highest in Dec. cultivated sample with lower sulfate (2.51% 卤 0.21) and higher 3,6-anhydro-galactose content (31.21% 卤 2.02). The hormone auxin (IAA) was significantly higher in Dec. assembled wild samples, whereas gibberellic acid (GA3) was higher for the cultivated samples of all the months. The present study, for the first time, confirmed the occurrence of statistically significant differences in functional traits of economic importance. Further studies in this context are crucial for crop management and for developing elite strains through breeding. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Computed Properties of C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Computed Properties of C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sustainability in Skin Care: Incorporation of Avocado Peel Extracts in Topical Formulations was written by Ferreira, Sara M.;Fale, Zizina;Santos, Lucia. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Safety of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The avocado peel is an agro-industrial byproduct that has exhibited a massive increase in its production in the last few years. The reuse and valorisation of this byproduct are essential since its disposal raises environmental concerns. In the present study, ethanolic extracts of avocado peels of the Hass variety were obtained, for three extraction times (1.5 h, 3 h and 4 h) and analyzed for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Antioxidant evaluations of the extracts revealed that the extraction time of 1.5 h exhibited the best results amongst the three, with a DPPH inhibition percentage of 93.92 卤 1.29 and an IC₅₀ percentage, the necessary concentration of the extract to inhibit 50% of DPPH, of 37.30 卤 1.00. The antibacterial capacity of the extracts was evaluated and it was revealed that they were able to inhibit the growth and development of bacteria of the Staphylococcus family. The obtained extract was incorporated in two types of cosmetic formulations (oil-in-water and water-in-oil) and their stability was evaluated and compared with formulations containing synthetic preservatives (BHT and phenoxyethanol). The results of the stability evaluation suggest that the avocado peel extract has the potential to be incorporated in both types of emulsions, acting as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent, proving it to be a viable option to reduce/replace the use of synthetic preservatives. Furthermore, the avocado peel extract proved to be more effective and stable in oil-in-water emulsions. These results highlight the possibility of obtaining sustainable cosmetics, significantly reducing the neg. impacts on the environment by the incorporation of extracts sourced from the avocado peel, an interesting source of phenolic compounds, an abundant and low-cost byproduct. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Safety of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Phyto-emulsomes as a novel nano-carrier for morine hydrate to combat leukemia: In vitro and pharmacokinetic study was written by Kamel, Rabab;AbouSamra, Mona M.;Afifi, Sherif M.;Galal, Asmaa F.. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2022.Computed Properties of C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study tackles the development of morin hydrate-loaded Phyto-Emulsomes (MH-EMs) using 尾-sitosterol as a 鈥瞙eart-friendly 鈥?alternative to cholesterol for curing leukemia. 尾-sitosterol was isolated from the aerial parts of C. pallescens Delile (Compositae). Phyto-Emulsomes were prepared using different ratios of glyceryl monostearate (GMS), phospholipon 80H (P80H) and ss-sitosterol (SS), then, their size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release were evaluated. Among the prepared formulas, MH-EM5 composed of GMS: P80H: SS (2:0.5:0.5) had the highest drug release efficiency (RE = 82.28 卤 1.96%) and the smallest particle size (271.7 卤 4.86 nm) with a uniform distribution. MH-EM5 was subjected to characterization including the micro-morphol. examination using TEM, thermal anal., in addition to biol. evaluation. The biostability of MH-EM5 in serum and bile salts was proved. The potential cytotoxicity of the free drug, MH-EM5 and its corresponding unmedicated formulation against normal oral epithelial cell and acute monocytic leukemia was studied. The results showed a negligible cytotoxicity in normal cells for all tested samples, while, cancer cells had a significant decrease in the cell viability in case of the selected formula (MH-EM5) compared to the corresponding unmedicated one as well as the free drug, at different concentrations up to 300 渭g/mL. Also, the oral bioavailability study proved the significant increase of all measured pharmacokinetic parameters, after a single oral administration of MH-EM5 compared to the free drug suspension. Regarding these findings, phyto-emulsomes can be considered as a safe and promising nanometric delivery system for the oral administration of morin hydrate due to the enhancement of its solubility, oral bioavailability and antitumor efficacy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Computed Properties of C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Computed Properties of C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A review on non aqueous nano emulsion was written by Adinath, Bade Gautam;Anil, Ingale Divya. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2022.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. Generally emulsions are water-in-oil or oil-inwater type, but emulsions may contain polar liquid as one of the phase. Non-aqueous nanoemulsions are useful in many situations where presence of water is not desirable, and formulation of active ingredients which undergo hydrolysis or oxidationin the presence of water. The non-aqueous nano emulsion subject to design a stable non-aqueous nanoemulsion (NANE) using cosmetically approved ingredients as a vehicle for the water-sensitive active ingredients. Non-aqueous nanoemulsion subject to increase the dermal penetration and permeation and study solubility and dermal bioavailability of drug. For better compliance, the nonaqueous nano emulsions will be incorporated in cosmetics or personal care products. A nonaqueous system was obtained with glycerin and olive oil stabilized by glycerol monosterate with co-surfactant. It was observed that emulsification behavior is completely unpredictable and conventional theories of emulsification and HLB system cannot be applied here. An optimized nonaqueous nano-emulsion is obtained through implementation of pseudoternary phase curve. Nonaqueous nano-emulsion region is determined and further characterized for pH, rheol., globule size anal., zeta potential and stability. Stability studies (agitation, centrifugation, freeze thaw cycle, accelerated stability) were carried out at 5, 25 and 40 degree C. Result proved that nonaqueous nano-emulsion can be used as vehicle for the poorly watersol. drug, suspension vehicles and oleogels. Non-aqueous nano-emulsion dosage forms have nano-sized droplets of disperse phase and are kinetically stable dosage form. Non-aqueous nanoemulsions are included under the category of new drug delivery system containing emulsified water in oil/oil in water system having mean globule size ranges from 10 nm to 1000 nm. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development and characterization of structured water-in-oil emulsions with ethyl cellulose oleogels was written by Garcia-Ortega, M. L.;Toro-Vazquez, J. F.;Ghosh, S.. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2021.Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The food industry confronts an enormous challenge to develop stable margarine-type water-in-vegetable oil (W/O) emulsion-based table spreads with reduced concentration of saturated fat and without trans fats. In the present work, we developed a gelled W/O emulsion (Gelled-W/O-E) containing 20% of water using a mixture of a conventional W/O emulsion (W/O-E) stabilized with glycerol monostearate (GMS), and an Et cellulose (EC) oleogel. The mech., microstructure and stability of the resulting gelled emulsion (Gelled-W/O-E) was compared with control systems consisting of conventional W/O emulsions (W/O-E) and EC-GMS oleogels (EC-GMS-O; no water added) formulated using the same GMS (0.5% and 1.0%) and EC (7%) concentration as in the Gelled-W/O-E. The Gelled-W/O-E showed higher elasticity and emulsion stability in comparison with the control systems. This in spite the EC and GMS concentrations used were below the minimal concentration required to develop a gel, and the tentatively lower solid content in the Gelled-W/O-E than in the EC-GMS-O because the presence of water. We observed that by increasing the GMS concentration in the Gelled-W/O-E, the water droplet size decreased as gel elasticity and W/O emulsion stability significantly increased. We associated this behavior to a synergistic GMS-EC interaction that kept the GMS at the water-oil droplet interface. These results showed the role of water droplets as active fillers in determining the rheol. properties of the Gelled-W/O-E, and that the GMS efficiency as emulsifier increased in the presence of EC in the oil phase. After comparing the microstructural properties of com. margarine spreads with those of the Gelled-W/O-E, we concluded that the structured W/O emulsion is a novel way to achieve similar functionality to margarine spreads, without the use of saturated and trans-fats. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Black raspberry extract shifted gut microbe diversity and their metabolic landscape in a human colonic model was written by Zhang, Shiqi;Xu, Mengyang;Sun, Xiaowei;Liu, Xuyu;Choueiry, Fouad;Xu, Rui;Shi, Haifei;Zhu, Jiangjiang. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography B in 2022.COA of Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Human gut microbiota is critical for human health, as their dysbiosis could lead to various diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and obesity. Black raspberry (BRB) has been increasingly studied recently for its impact on gut microbiota as a rich source of phytochems. (e.g., anthocyanin). To investigate the effect of BRB extract on the gut microbiota composition and their metabolism, an in-vitro human colonic model (HCM) was utilized to study the direct interaction between BRB and gut microbiome. Conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, anaerobic environment) in HCM were closely monitored and maintained to simulate the human intestinal system. Fresh fecal samples donated by three young healthy volunteers were used for gut microbiota inoculation in the HCM. 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and liquid-chromatog. mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based metabolomics were performed to study the impact of BRB on gut microbiota characteristics and their metabolism (fatty acids, polar metabolites, and phenolic compounds). Our data suggested that BRB intervention modulated gut microbiota at the genus level in different HCM sections mimicing ascending, transverse, and descending colons. Relative abundance of Enterococcus was commonly decreased in all colon sections, while modulations of other bacteria genera were mostly location-dependent. Meanwhile, significant changes in the metabolic profile of gut microbiota related to fatty acids, endogenous polar metabolites, and phenolic compounds were detected, in which arginine and proline metabolism, lysine degradation, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were mostly regulated. Moreover, we identified several significant associations between altered microbial populations and changes in microbial metabolites. In summary, our study revealed the impact of BRB intervention on gut microbiota composition and metabolism change, which may exert physiol. change to host metabolism and host health. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1COA of Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lipid-rich endo-metabolites from a vertically transmitted fungal endophyte Penicillium sp. PM031 attenuate virulence factors of phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum was written by Dey, Parnoshree;Barman, Monica;Mitra, Adinpunya;Maiti, Mrinal K.. And the article was included in Microbiological Research in 2022.SDS of cas: 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a destructive plant disease globally. Since a completely non-biol. control measure could be a matter of environmental concern, investigations of developing eco-friendly strategies are required to control this phytopathogen. Attenuation of the bacterial virulence in addition to destroying the pathogen may be an alternative and overarching approach to control this disease. In this study, we have explored the potentiality of a vertically transmitted endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. PM031 isolated from stem of in vitro grown, wilt susceptible tomato cultivar to control this phytopathogen. The endophytic fungus was unable to inhibit the bacterial growth during direct confrontation in co-culture system; rather its growth and extracellular secretion were affected by the bacterium. Interestingly, the PM031-derived endo-metabolites, containing 鈭?0% of lipid mols., showed the dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect against R. solanacearum. Metabolite treatment with a concentration of 2500 and 5000渭g/mL significantly inhibited the bacterial growth 24.72% and 64.31%, resp. Higher concentrations of endo-metabolite treatment exhibited antibacterial activity by rupturing cellular membranes. Furthermore, the endo-metabolites neg. influence the virulence factors necessary in early phases of bacterial infection, such as motility and biofilm formation. Our study highlights even if an endophytic fungus associated with the susceptible host plant cannot tackle R. solanacearum directly, its lipid-rich metabolites have potential to attenuate the virulence of phytopathogen. We believe this study can be a stepping stone to develop suitable formulations to control the bacterial wilt in a sustainable way, which will reduce excessive uses of synthetic bactericides. GenBank accession number:MN726655,AF033462,MN726661,GQ120166,AB028190,MN793056,MF568065.1. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1SDS of cas: 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of Sodium Selenite on the Metabolite Profile of Epichloe sp. Mycelia from Festuca sinensis in Solid Culture was written by Zhou, Lianyu;Jiao, Lu;Ju, Jiasheng;Ma, Xuelan. And the article was included in Biological Trace Element Research in 2022.Electric Literature of C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with many beneficial effects for humans and other living organisms. Numerous microorganisms in culture systems enrich and convert inorganic selenium to organic selenium. In this study, Epichloe sp. from Festuca sinensis was exposed to increasing Na2SeO3 concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mmol/L) in Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 8 wk. Epichloe sp. mycelia were immediately collected after mycelial diameters were measured at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 wk of cultivation, resp. Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) anal. was performed on different groups of Epichloe sp. mycelia. Different changes were observed as Epichloe sp. was exposed to different selenite conditions and cultivation time. The colony diameter of Epichloe sp. decreased in response to increased selenite concentrations, whereas the inhibitory effects diminished over time. Seventy-two of the 203 identified metabolites did not differ significantly across selenite treatments within the same time point, while 82 compounds did not differ significantly between multiple time points of the same Se concentration However, the relative levels of 122 metabolites increased the most under selenite conditions. Specifically, between the 4th and 8th weeks, there were increases in 2-keto-isovaleric acid, uridine, and maltose in selenite treatments compared to controls. Selenium increased glutathione levels and exhibited antioxidant properties in weeks 4, 5, and 7. Addnl., we observed that different doses of selenite could promote the production of carbohydrates such as isomaltose, cellobiose, and sucrose; fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; and amino acids such as lysine and tyrosine in Epichloe sp. mycelia. Therefore, Epichloe sp. exposed to selenite stress may benefit from increased levels of some metabolite compounds This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Electric Literature of C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Electric Literature of C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metabolic profiling at COVID-19 onset shows disease severity and sex-specific dysregulation was written by Ceballos, Francisco C.;Virseda-Berdices, Ana;Resino, Salvador;Ryan, Pablo;Martinez-Gonzalez, Oscar;Perez-Garcia, Felipe;Martin-Vicente, Maria;Brochado-Kith, Oscar;Blancas, Rafael;Bartolome-Sanchez, Sofia;Vidal-Alcantara, Erick Joan;Alboniga-Diez, Oihane Elena;Cuadros-Gonzalez, Juan;Blanca-Lopez, Natalia;Martinez, Isidoro;Martinez-Acitores, Ignacio Ramirez;Barbas, Coral;Fernandez-Rodriguez, Amanda;Jimenez-Sousa, Maria Angeles. And the article was included in Frontiers in Immunology in 2022.Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Metabolic changes through SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported but not fully comprehended. This metabolic dysregulation affects multiple organs during COVID-19 and its early detection can be used as a prognosis marker of severity. Therefore, we aimed to characterize metabolic and cytokine profile at COVID-19 onset and its relationship with disease severity to identify metabolic profiles predicting disease progression. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study in 123 COVID-19 patients which were stratified as asymptomatic/mild, moderate and severe according to the highest COVID-19 severity status, and a group of healthy controls. We performed an untargeted plasma metabolic profiling (gas chromatog. and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (GC and CE-MS)) and cytokine evaluation. After data filtering and identification we observed 105 metabolites dysregulated (66 GC-MS and 40 CE-MS) which shown different expression patterns for each COVID-19 severity status. These metabolites belonged to different metabolic pathways including amino acid, energy, and nitrogen metabolism among others. Severity-specific metabolic dysregulation was observed, as an increased transformation of L-tryptophan into L-kynurenine. Thus, metabolic profiling at hospital admission differentiate between severe and moderate patients in the later phase of worse evolution. Several plasma pro-inflammatory biomarkers showed significant correlation with deregulated metabolites, specially with L-kynurenine and L-tryptophan. Finally, we describe a strong sex-related dysregulation of metabolites, cytokines and chemokines between severe and moderate patients. In conclusion, metabolic profiling of COVID-19 patients at disease onset is a powerful tool to unravel the SARS-CoV-2 mol. pathogenesis. This technique makes it possible to identify metabolic phenoconversion that predicts disease progression and explains the pronounced pathogenesis differences between sexes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Molecular Simulations of Surfactant Adsorption on Iron Oxide from Hydrocarbon Solvents was written by Acero, Pablo Navarro;Mohr, Stephan;Bernabei, Marco;Fernandez, Carlos;Dominguez, Beatriz;Ewen, James P.. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The performance of organic friction modifiers (OFMs) depends on their ability to adsorb onto surfaces and form protective monolayers. Understanding the relationship between OFM concentration in the base oil and the resulting surface coverage is important for improving lubricant formulations. Here, we use mol. dynamics (MD) simulations to study the adsorption of three OFMs: stearic acid (SA), glycerol monoostearate (GMS), and glycerol monooleate (GMO), onto a hematite surface from two hydrocarbon solvents: n-hexadecane and poly-伪-olefin (PAO). We calculate the potential of mean force of the adsorption process using the adaptive biasing force algorithm and the adsorption strength increases in the order: SA < GMS < GMO. We estimate the min. area occupied by OFM mols. on the surface using annealing MD simulations and obtained a similar hard-disk area for GMS and GMO, but a lower value for SA. Using the MD results, we determine the adsorption isotherms using the mol. thermodn. theory (MTT), which agree well with one previous exptl. data set for SA on hematite. For two other exptl. data sets for SA, lateral interactions between surfactant mols. need to be accounted for within the MTT framework. SA forms monolayers with lower surface coverage than GMO and GMS at low concentrations, but also has the highest plateau coverage. We validate the adsorption energies from the MD simulations using high frequency reciprocating rig friction experiments with different concentrations of the OFMs in PAO. For OFMs with saturated tailgroups (SA and GMS), we obtain good agreement between the simulations and the experiments The results deviate for OFMs containing Z-unsaturated tailgroups (GMO), due to the addnl. steric hindrance, which is not accounted for in the current simualtion framework. This study demonstrates that MD simulations, alongside MTT, are an accurate and efficient tool to predict adsorption isotherms at solid-liquid interfaces. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics