Category: 31566-31-1

Inhalation of dimethyl fumarate-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles attenuate clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and pulmonary inflammatory dysfunction in mice was written by Pinto, Barbara Fernandes;Ribeiro, Lorena Natasha Brito;da Silva, Gisela Bevilacqua Rolfsen Ferreira;Freitas, Camila Simoes;Kraemer, Lucas;Oliveira, Fabricio Marcus Silva;Climaco, Marianna Carvalho;Mourao, Flavio Afonso Goncalves;dos Santos, Gabryella Soares Pinheiro;Bela, Samantha Ribeiro;da Silva Gurgel, Isabella Luisa;de Lima Leite, Fabio;Gomes de Oliveira, Anselmo;da Pascoa Vilela, Maura Regina Silva;Oliveira-Lima, Onesia Cristina;Soriani, Frederico Marianetti;Fujiwara, Ricardo Toshio;Birbrair, Alexander;Russo, Remo Castro;Carvalho-Tavares, Juliana. And the article was included in Clinical Science in 2022.COA of Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The FDA-approved Di-Me Fumarate (DMF) as an oral drug for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) treatment based on its immunomodulatory activities. However, it also caused severe adverse effects mainly related to the gastrointestinal system. Investigated the potential effects of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing DMF, administered by inhalation on the clin. signs, central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response, and lung function changes in mice with exptl. autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced using MOG35-55 peptide in female C57BL/6J mice and the mice were treated via inhalation with DMF-encapsulated SLN (CTRL/SLN/DMF and EAE/SLN/DMF), empty SLN (CTRL/SLN and EAE/SLN), or saline solution (CTRL/saline and EAE/saline), every 72 h during 21 days. After 21 days post-induction, EAE mice treated with DMF-loaded SLN, when compared with EAE/saline and EAE/SLN, showed decreased clin. score and weight loss, reduction in brain and spinal cord injury and inflammation, also related to the increased influx of Foxp3+ cells into the spinal cord and lung tissues. Moreover, our data revealed that EAE mice showed signs of respiratory disease, marked by increased vascular permeability, leukocyte influx, production of TNF-a and IL-17, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, with pulmonary mech. dysfunction associated with loss of respiratory volumes and elasticity, which DMF-encapsulated reverted in SLN nebulization. Our study suggests that inhalation of DMF-encapsulated SLN is an effective therapeutic protocol that reduces not only the CNS inflammatory process and disability progression, characteristic of EAE disease, but also protects mice from lung inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1COA of Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Selective glycerol esterification to monolaurate over ZrO₂/MCM-41 catalysts prepared using impregnation and precipitation methods was written by Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi;Ghazali, Natasha;Hoo, Peng Yong;Basir, Nor Irwin. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Communications in 2022.Name: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In order to develop an active and selective catalyst for the selective esterification of glycerol with fatty acid to monoglycerides, zirconia was incorporated into mesoporous MCM-41 support using two methods, i.e., impregnation and precipitation The zirconia loading was varied between 10 and 30 weight % to demonstrate its effect on the properties and activity of the modified catalysts. The catalysts were then characterized by N₂-adsorption surface anal., SEM/EDX, FTIR, and TGA. The catalytic activity was then demonstrated in the selective esterification of glycerol with either lauric or palmitic acid at 160掳C for 6 h with glycerol/fatty acid molar ratios of 1:1, 4:1, and 6:1 and catalyst loadings up to 5 weight %. Fatty acid conversion as well as monoglyceride selectivity and yield were monitored to measure the extent of reaction leading to the formation of the desired products. Correlations between the activity and the characteristics of the catalysts under various reaction conditions were successfully established. Relatively slower zirconia incorporation in the impregnation method caused more internal incorporation of the acidic component. MCM-41 catalyst with 30 weight % zirconia loading that was prepared by impregnation method with a surface area of 589 m²/g and an acid site concentration of 6.83渭mol/g showed a lauric acid conversion of 98.6% and a monolaurin selectivity of 57.2%. An increase in the molar ratio exceeding 4:1 did not bring about the desired effect due to the dilution effect of the limiting reactant. Lower activity was demonstrated by stearic acid due to its higher mol. size and viscosity to mainly affect the mass transfer during the reaction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Name: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Norcantharidin nanostructured lipid carrier (NCTD-NLC) suppresses the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and accelerates the apoptosis was written by Yan, Zijun;Yang, Kun;Tang, Xiang;Bi, Yunfeng;Ding, Yuzhen;Deng, Mengyue;Xia, Die;Zhao, Yunqi;Chen, Tong. And the article was included in Journal of Immunology Research in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Malignant tumors have become the main cause of harm to human life and health. Development for new antitumor drugs and the exploration to drug carriers are becoming the concerned focus. In this study, we exploited our experiments to explore the effect of NCTD-NLC on liver cancer cells: the HepG2 cells cultured in vitro were given with NCTD-NLC administration; then, the estimation on cellular proliferation and apoptosis was accomplished through MTT and flow cytometry. Six hours after the administration, we performed the High Performance Liquid Chromatog. (HPLC) detection to estimate the NCTD content in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and plasma of rats. Then, our outcomes showed that NCTD-NLC had a notable inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells, leading to a gradually decreased cellular viability. Cell viability was neg. correlated with NCTD-NLC concentration Along with the concentration increasing, significantly increasing cellular apoptosis and gradually decreasing cellular viability were observed The apoptosis rate was pos. correlated with the concentration of NCTD-NLC. On the basis of the data we obtained, we found that the group with NCTD-NLC tail vein injection had an obvious advantage in drug delivery when compared with other groups. Through the tumorigenesis test to nude mice, we found that the tumor inhibition rate of the NCTD-NLC tail vein injection group had a 27.48% elevation in contrast to the NCTD gavage group, and it was also the group with the best tumor inhibition efficiency. In conclusion, the NCTD-NLC prepared in this study had a mighty inhibitory effect towards HepG2 cellular viability and an accelerating work on apoptosis. Tail vein injection of NCTD-NLC has the best drug delivery effect. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Solid-liquid equilibrium of free form of oil contaminants (3-MCPD and glycidol) in lipidic systems was written by Andrade, Sabrina S.;Sampaio, Klicia A.;Costa, Mariana C.;Corbi, Pedro P.;Meirelles, Antonio J. A.;Maximo, Guilherme J.. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and glycidol are reported vegetable fats and oils contaminants formed during processing. During digestion, esterified forms are hydrolyzed making the free forms, with high toxicity to human health, possibly available in the digestive system, which could depend, among other factors, on the phase condition stablished in the gastrointestinal tract between contaminants and lipids. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) of binary and pseudobinary mixtures of fatty acids (palmitic, oleic and stearic), triacylglycerols (tripalmitin, triolein and tristearin) and a partial acylglycerols, with 3-MCPD and glycidol, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermodn. modeling with Margules 2 and 3 suffixes, UNIFAC and ideal models. Melting properties of the contaminants were determined by DSC thermograms, with microstructure micrographs and compared to some predictive group contribution models (GC). 14 complete SLE phase diagrams could be determined Results showed that the lipid compounds had high affinity with the free contaminants with probably the formation of liquid crystalline structures and/or solid solutions The Margules 3 suffixes model showed the best fit with the lowest average relative deviations, no higher than 1%, although the parameters probably incorporated the non-ideality promoted by the crystalline phase behavior. The formation of mesophases and/or solid solutions with very high melting temperature probably means a difficulty of separating the contaminants from the lipid matrix in which, on the other hand, could avoid separation process or affect (probably decreasing) their absorption during digestion. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of andrographolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for lymphatic targeting: Formulation, optimization, characterization, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation was written by Shrivastava, Saurabh;Kaur, Chanchal Deep. And the article was included in Drug Delivery and Translational Research.Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Andrographolide, the primary bioactive constituent of Andrographis paniculata, is a promising natural substance with numerous pharmacotherapy uses. Low water solubility, short half-life, and low permeability necessitate the development of a delivery system that enhances its entrapment efficiency, bioavailability, lymphatic targeting, and bypass hepatic effect. The andrographolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were fabricated by melt-emulsification and ultrasonication and optimized with Design-Expert software. In the optimal formulation, Glycerol monostearate as the solid lipid and Poloxamer 407 and Span 60 as surfactants were used. Optimum AND-SLN was observed to have a mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of 193.84 nm, 0.211, – 22.8 mV, and 83.70% resp. An optimized formulation was characterized by examining surface morphol., X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. In vitro studies have shown sustained drug release from AND-SLN for up to 24 h. The stability studies showed that there was no significant change in the mean particle size and entrapment efficiency after storage at 4 卤 2 掳 C and 25 卤 2 掳 C/60 卤 5% RH. In in vivo pharmacokinetics studies, AND-SLN was found to have enhanced bioavailability and specificity in the spleen and thymus compared to plasma, providing evidence that the formulations could enhance target specificity and bioavailability in comparison to pure drugs. The H&E staining of the liver, spleen, and thymus treated with the AND-SLN revealed no signs of damage histopathol. Thus, AND-SLN possess a high potential for improved efficacy and are an efficient vehicle for delivering drugs to the lymphatic system. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Enhancing the synergism of Fe₃O₄ and Fe₅C₂ to improve the process of CO₂ hydrogenation to olefines was written by Ye, Daoping;Tang, Wenxiang;Zhang, Tao;Lv, Li;Zou, Zongpeng;Gupta, Raju Kumar;Tang, Shengwei. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2022.Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

CO₂ hydrogenation to olefines is a feasible carbon capture and utilization (CCU) route. The process includes sequential reactions of reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction. The acceleration of FTS is crucial to improve the olefines yield. A microemulsion anti-solvent extraction (MAE) method was proposed to prepare Fe-based catalyst on the support of Al₂O₃. Ethanol solution of Fe(NO₃)₃ was encapsulated in microdroplets, and then loaded on Al₂O₃ by the extraction of ethanol from the microdroplets to isooctane phase. The average size of micro droplets was 7.5 nm. After calcination, the particle size of Fe₂O₃ was 6 nm. After carburization with CO, the interface formed between Fe₃O₄ and Fe₅C₂ was restricted in a narrow space with a mean size of 12 nm. Through TEM-Mapping, XRD, XPS and TPC characterization, the distribution uniformity of Fe and the neighboring degree of Fe₃O₄ and Fe₅C₂ on the as-prepared catalyst MAE-Fe1K1 was improved effectively. An enhanced synergistic effect between Fe₃O₄ and Fe₅C₂ was obtained. The catalytic performance evaluation results showed that yield of C₂-C₄ olefins reached 0.063 mmol.gFe^-1.s^-1 after 12 h of reaction. It exhibited better catalytic performance than most catalysts reported in the literatures. The results showed that the proposed microemulsion anti-solvent extraction strategy is an effective method to prepare Fe-based catalyst for CO₂-FTO reaction with an excellent catalytic performance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Intranasal delivery of chitosan decorated nanostructured lipid carriers of Buspirone for brain targeting: Formulation development, optimization and In-Vivo preclinical evaluation was written by Noorulla, K. M.;Yasir, Mohd;Muzaffar, Faizi;S, Roshan;Ghoneim, Mohammed M.;Almurshedi, Alanood S.;Tura, Abdurazak J.;Alshehri, Sultan;Gebissa, Teshome;Mekit, Shimelis;Ahmed, Mohammed Muqtader;Zafar, Ameeduzzafar. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2022.Related Products of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The current research was portrayed to design and optimize the Chitosan (CH) coated Buspirone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (BPE-CH-NLCs) for nose to brain delivery. NLCs were developed by solvent diffusion evaporation technique, coated with CH, and then optimized to the maximum efficiency using the quality by design (QbD) based Box-Behnken design (BBD). Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) & oleic acid mixture and tween 80 were used as a lipid and surfactant, resp. The prepared NLCs were subjected to in-vitro characterization. In-vivo pharmacokinetic and neuro-pharmacokinetic (drug targeting efficiency-DTE, direct transport percentage-DTP) parameters were evaluated on Wister rats. The results revealed that the optimized formulation exhibited acceptable PS (190.98 卤 4.72 nm), ZP (+17.47 mV), and EE (80.53 卤 1.26% weight/weight), and the TEM image showed that the drug was incorporated adequately in NLCs. DSC findings exposed that the drug was present in amorphous form within the NLCs. The optimized formulation exhibited 27.61 mo shelf life and was found to be stable under studied conditions. The value of AUC (bioavailability) for BPE-CH-NLCs administered i.n was found to be 3.06 folds compared to BPE-CH-NLCs administered i.v, and 2.17 folds compared to BPE-Sol administered i.n. A higher value of DTE (1462.49%) for developed NLCs confirmed the brain targeting efficiency of these lipid nanoparticles. DTP value for BPE-CH-NLCs (93.16%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than BPE-Sol (81.63%), indicating the efficient targeting potential of lipid nanoparticles compared to drug solutions Finally, it could be possible to infer that GMS-Oleic acid-based NLCs coated with CH might be effective carriers to administer BPE to the brain via the nasal route. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Related Products of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Related Products of 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Optimization of antifungal edible pregelatinized potato starch-based coating formulations by response surface methodology to extend postharvest life of ‘Orri’ mandarins was written by Soto-Munoz, Lourdes;Palou, Lluis;Argente-Sanchis, Maricruz;Ramos-Lopez, Miguel Angel;Perez-Gago, Maria B.. And the article was included in Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2021.Reference of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Antifungal composite edible coatings (ECs) formulated with pregelatinized potato starch (PPS, 1.0-2.0% weight/weight) as biopolymer, glyceryl monostearate (GMS, 0.5-1.5%, weight/weight) as hydrophobe, glycerol (Gly, 0.5-1.5%, weight/weight) as plasticizer, and sodium benzoate (SB, 2%, weight/weight) as antifungal agent were optimized using the Box-Behnken response surface methodol. to extend the postharvest life of ‘Orri’ mandarins. The second order polynomial models satisfactorily fitted the exptl. data, with high values of the coefficient of determination for the different variables (R2>0.91). The individual linear effect of GMS concentration was significant in all the responses evaluated, whereas PPS only affected emulsion viscosity, fruit tacking, and weight loss of coated mandarins. Gly only affected acetaldehyde content in the juice of coated mandarins when interacted with PPS and in the quadratic effect. The optimum concentrations of PPS, GMS, and Gly based on maximum fruit quality and required emulsion properties were predicted to be 2.0, 0.5, and 1.0% (weight/weight), resp. The optimized EC reduced weight loss of mandarins and created a modified atm. within the fruit without neg. affecting the overall acceptability of the fruit. On the other hand, the optimized EC significantly reduced postharvest green and blue molds and sour rot on mandarins artificially inoculated with the pathogens Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, resp. Therefore, the optimized antifungal EC containing SB showed potential to control the main postharvest diseases and maintain the overall quality of ‘Orri’ mandarins and could be a suitable alternative to com. citrus waxes formulated with conventional chem. fungicides. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Reference of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Reference of 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers containing zeaxanthin and evaluation of physicochemical properties was written by Osanlou, Roya;Emtyazjoo, Mozhgan;Banaei, Aghdas;Hesarinejad, Mohammad Ali;Ashrafi, Fatemeh. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2022.Application of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Zeaxanthin is a yellow carotenoid antioxidant concentrated in the macula. This pigment in many foods and beverages is very problematic due to its extreme hydrophobicity and poor chem. stability. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared using a combination of high shear homogenization and ultrasonic methods to load zeaxanthin and reduce its hydrophobicity. In this study, NLCs containing zeaxanthin were produced and optimal formulation was determined and their physicochem. properties were investigated. 20% percent of solid lipid was replaced with Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) as a liquid lipid to produce NLCs. Results showed that the particle size (PS) of NLCs did not exceed 130 nm, but SLNs did show larger sizes. In addition, particle dispersion index (PDI) showed 0.23 卤 0.01 to 0.34 卤 0.01 and 0.23 卤 0.01 to 0.30 卤 0.01 for SLN and NLC, resp. Zeta potential (ZP) represented -20.03 卤 0.48 to -12.11 卤 0.80 and -22.23 卤 0.41 to -16.88 卤 0.61 for SLN and NLC, resp. Encapsulation efficiency and loading were higher for NLCs than SLNs. The morphol. study of nanocarriers performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed smooth spherical nanoparticles. Results of Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) anal., and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed that zeaxanthin was trapped in the nanocarriers without any chem. interaction with the coating material. Glycerol mono-stearate containing zeaxanthin showed phase separation after 60 days at 4 and 25掳C, while this was not observed in nanocarriers produced by glycerol distearate. Together, these nano-based carriers can be applied in many products, especially as nanocarriers for hydrophobic bioactive compounds in nutraceutical beverages. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Application of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application of 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Optimizing the Design of Blood-Brain Barrier-Penetrating Polymer-Lipid-Hybrid Nanoparticles for Delivering Anticancer Drugs to Glioblastoma was written by Ahmed, Taksim;Liu, Fuh-Ching Franky;He, Chungsheng;Abbasi, Azhar Z.;Cai, Ping;Rauth, Andrew M.;Henderson, Jeffery T.;Wu, Xiao Yu. And the article was included in Pharmaceutical Research in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chemotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains ineffective due to insufficient penetration of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and into the GBM tumor. Herein, is described, the optimization of the lipid composition and fabrication conditions for a BBB- and tumor penetrating terpolymer-lipid-hybrid nanoparticle (TPLN) for delivering doxorubicin (DOX) to GBM. The composition of TPLNs was first screened using different lipids based on nanoparticle properties and in vitro cytotoxicity by using 23 full factorial exptl. design. The leading DOX loaded TPLNs (DOX-TPLN) were prepared by further optimization of conditions and used to study cellular uptake mechanisms, in vitro cytotoxicity, three-dimensional (3D) glioma spheroid penetration, and in vivo biodistribution in a murine orthotopic GBM model. Among various lipids studied, Et arachidate (EA) was found to provide excellent nanoparticle properties e.g., size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, and colloidal stability, and highest anticancer efficacy for DOX-TPLN. Further optimized EA-based TPLNs were prepared with an optimal particle size (103.8 卤 33.4 nm) and PDI (0.208 卤 0.02). The resultant DOX-TPLNs showed 鈭?sevenfold higher efficacy than free DOX against human GBM U87-MG-RED-FLuc cells in vitro. The interaction between the TPLNs and the low-d. lipoprotein receptors also facilitated cellular uptake, deep penetration into 3D glioma spheroids, and accumulation into the in vivo brain tumor regions of DOX-TPLNs. Conclusion: This work demonstrated that the TPLN system can be optimized by rational selection of lipid type, lipid content, and preparation conditions to obtain DOX-TPLN with enhanced anticancer efficacy and GBM penetration and accumulation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics