Category: 31566-31-1

Machine learning approaches to predict gestational age in normal and complicated pregnancies via urinary metabolomics analysis was written by Yamauchi, Takafumi;Ochi, Daisuke;Matsukawa, Naomi;Saigusa, Daisuke;Ishikuro, Mami;Obara, Taku;Tsunemoto, Yoshiki;Kumatani, Satsuki;Yamashita, Riu;Tanabe, Osamu;Minegishi, Naoko;Koshiba, Seizo;Metoki, Hirohito;Kuriyama, Shinichi;Yaegashi, Nobuo;Yamamoto, Masayuki;Nagasaki, Masao;Hiyama, Satoshi;Sugawara, Junichi. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.Product Details of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The elucidation of dynamic metabolomic changes during gestation is particularly important for the development of methods to evaluate pregnancy status or achieve earlier detection of pregnancy-related complications. Some studies have constructed models to evaluate pregnancy status and predict gestational age using omics data from blood biospecimens; however, less invasive methods are desired. Here we propose a model to predict gestational age, using urinary metabolite information. In our prospective cohort study, we collected 2741 urine samples from 187 healthy pregnant women, 23 patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and 14 patients with spontaneous preterm birth. Using gas chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 184 urinary metabolites that showed dynamic systematic changes in healthy pregnant women according to gestational age. A model to predict gestational age during normal pregnancy progression was constructed; the correlation coefficient between actual and predicted weeks of gestation was 0.86. The predicted gestational ages of cases with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy exhibited significant progression, compared with actual gestational ages. This is the first study to predict gestational age in normal and complicated pregnancies by using urinary metabolite information. Minimally invasive urinary metabolomics might facilitate changes in the prediction of gestational age in various clin. settings. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Product Details of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Product Details of 31566-31-1

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Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design of hydroxy-α-sanshool loaded nanostructured lipid carriers as a potential local anesthetic was written by Tan, Fengming;Xu, Lulu;Liu, Yanling;Li, Huan;Zhang, Dahan;Qin, Cuiying;Han, Yang;Han, Jing. And the article was included in Drug Delivery in 2022.Reference of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hydroxy-α-sanshool (HAS), extracted from Zanthoxylum piperitum, is commonly used in oral surgery to relief pain. However, the application of HAS is limited in clin. practice due to its poor stability. This study focuses on the design of a novel nano-formulation delivery system for HAS to improve its stability and local anesthetic effect. Hydroxy-α-sanshool loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (HAS-NLCs) were prepared by melting emulsification and ultra-sonication using monostearate (GMS) and oleic acid (OA) as lipid carriers, and poloxamer-188 (F68) as a stabilizer. Besides, the formulation was optimized by response surface methodol. (RSM). Then, the best formulation was characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE%), drug loading (DL%), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and morphol. (transmission electron microscopy, TEM). The obtained HAS-NLCs were homogeneous, near spherical particles with high DL% capacity. The stability of HAS-NLCs against oxygen, light, and heat was greatly improved over 10.79 times, 3.25 times, and 2.09 times, resp., compared to free HAS. In addition, HAS-NLCs could exhibit sustained release in 24 h following a double-phase kinetics model in vitro release study. Finally, HAS-NLCs had excellent anesthetic effect at low dose in formalin test compared with free HAS and lidocaine, which indicated HAS-NLCs were a potential local anesthesia formulation in practice. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Reference of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Raloxifene-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles with enhanced biopharmaceutical potential: Quality by design-steered development, in vitro evaluation, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and IVIVC was written by Jain, Atul;Sharma, Teenu;Kumar, Rajendra;Katare, O. P.;Singh, Bhupinder. And the article was included in Drug Delivery and Translational Research in 2022.Reference of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Preparation of SLNs was carried out using glyceryl monostearate and Compritol 888 ATO (i.e., lipid), Phospholipid S-100 (i.e., co-surfactant), and TPGS-1000 (i.e., surfactant) employing solvent diffusion method. The optimized SLN formulations exhibited a mean particle size of 109.7 nm, PDI 0.289 with a zeta potential of -13.7 mV. In vitro drug dissolution studies showed Fickian release, with release exponent of 0.137. Cell cytotoxicity assay, apoptosis assay, and cellular uptake indicated 6.40-, 5.40-, and 3.18-fold improvement in the efficacy of RLX-SLNs vis-a-́vis pure RLX. Besides, the pharmacokinetic studies indicated quite significantly improved biopharmaceutical performance of RLX-SLNs vis-a-́vis pure drug, with 4.06-fold improvement in C_max, 4.40-fold in AUC_(0-72h), 4.56-fold in AUC_(0-∞), 1.53-fold in K_a, 2.12-fold in t_1/2, and 1.22-fold in T_max. For RLX-SLNs and pure drug, high degree of level A linear correlation was established between fractions of drug dissolved (in vitro) and of drug absorbed (in vivo) at the corresponding time-points. Stability studies indicated the robustness of RLX-SLNs when stored at for 3 mo. Results obtained from the different studies construe promising the anticancer potential of the developed RLX-SLNs, thereby ratifying the lipidic nanocarriers as an efficient drug delivery strategy for improving the biopharmaceutical attributes of RLX. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Reference of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Reference of 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Elucidating the involvement of apoptosis in postmortem proteolysis in porcine muscles from two production cycles using metabolomics approach was written by Ma, Danyi;Suh, Dong Ho;Zhang, Jiaying;Chao, Yufan;Duttlinger, Alan W.;Johnson, Jay S.;Lee, Choong Hwan;Kim, Yuan H. Brad. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.Synthetic Route of C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Apoptosis has been suggested as the first step in the process of conversion of muscle into meat. While a potential role of apoptosis in postmortem proteolysis has been proposed, the underlying mechanisms by which metabolome changes in muscles would influence apoptotic and proteolytic process, leading to meat quality variation, has not been determined Here, apoptotic and proteolytic attributes and metabolomics profiling of longissimus dorsi (LD) and psoas major (PM) muscles in pigs from two different production cycles (July-Jan vs. Apr-Sep) were evaluated. The PM showed higher mitochondrial membrane permeability (MMP), concurrent with less extent of calpain-1 autolysis and troponin T degradation and higher abundance of HSP27 and αβ-crystallin compared to LD (P < 0.05). Apr-Sep muscles showed concurrence of extended apoptosis (indicated by higher MMP), calpain-1 autolysis and troponin T degradation, regardless of muscle effects (P < 0.05). Metabolomics profiling showed Apr-Sep muscles to increase in oxidative stress-related macronutrients, including 6-carbon sugars, some branched-chain AA, and free fatty acids. Antioxidant AA (His and Asp) and ascorbic acid were higher in July-Jan (P < 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that early postmortem apoptosis might be pos. associated with pro-oxidant macronutrients and neg. associated with antioxidant metabolites, consequently affecting meat quality attributes in a muscle-specific manner. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Synthetic Route of C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Synthetic Route of C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Methylene blue loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Preparation, optimization, and in-vivo burn healing assessment was written by Farmoudeh, Ali;enayatifard, Reza;Saeedi, Majid;Talavaki, Fatemeh;Ghasemi, Maryam;Akbari, Jafar;Nokhodchi, Ali. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2022.Product Details of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Previous studies have shown that topical antioxidants are effective in controlling skin inflammation and accelerating tissue repair. Methylene blue with significant antioxidant effects was incorporated in solid lipid nanoparticles (MB-SLNs) and their impact on accelerating burn wound healing in a Wistar rat animal model was investigated. To this end, nanoparticles were prepared by ultra-sonication technique. The Box-Benken design (BBD) optimized the formulation variables, including lipid concentration, emulsifier/lipid, and sonication time. An in-vitro drug release test was performed using the dialysis tube technique, and the release kinetics was determined Partial-thickness burn wounds were induced in the skin of Wistar rats. Wound size reduction and histopathol. changes were assessed over 21 days. The optimum colloidal particles were spherical with an average size of 183.5 nm and entrapment efficiency of 75.24%. The difference between exptl. data and BBD prediction was less than 1%. The MB-SLNs release data followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Weibull models. Histol. results revealed that skin tissue recovery occurred significantly faster in the MB-SLNs treated group than simple methylene blue gel and neg. control. In conclusion, in-vivo studies proved that methylene blue nanoparticles with a high entrapment efficiency significantly accelerated the burn healing process. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Product Details of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Product Details of 31566-31-1

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Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mechanistic evaluation of lymphatic targeting efficiency of Atazanavir sulfate loaded lipid nanocarriers: In-vitro and in-vivo studies was written by Desai, Jagruti;Thakkar, Hetal. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2022.Application of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In the present study, Atazanavir sulfate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (ATZ-SLNs) were developed and characterized for oral bioavailability enhancement and lymphatic absorption. ATZ-SLNs were formulated by emulsion-solvent evaporation technique using hydrogenated castor oil and sodium oleate. The optimized formulation had a mean particle size of 190.1 卤 2.45 nm, the zeta potential of -42.63 卤 2.46 mV and entrapment efficiency of 94.26 卤 2.12%. Transmission electron microscopy and Field emission-SEM morphol. indicated discrete and round structures without aggregation. In-vitro drug release study showed controlled drug release of 80.36% in 12 h in simulated intestinal fluid. Cell-line study in Caco-2 cells showed increased permeability upon SLN formulation and mode of cellular uptake of SLN as clathrin and caveoli mediated endocytosis. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats indicated increased oral bioavailability using ATZ-SLNs by 200% compared to suspension formulation. A lymphatic transport study revealed that SLNs were transported via lymphatic vessels. In organ biodistribution study, peyer’s patch region showed a 4.5 fold higher uptake of ATZ through ATZ-SLNs formulation than non-peyer’s patch region and high accumulation in spleen and brain. This delivery approach could maximize the drug concentrations to the lymphatic system leading to effective therapy for HIV. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Application of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Application of 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Plasma metabolomics identifies the dysregulated metabolic profile of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) based on GC-MS was written by Zhang, Ziyan;Wu, Xiaojin;Zhou, Meng;Qi, Jiaqian;Zhang, Rui;Li, Xueqian;Wang, Chang;Ruan, Changgeng;Han, Yue. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

ITP is a common autoimmune bleeding disorder with elusive pathogenesis. Author study was implemented to profile the plasma metabolic alterations of patients diagnosed with ITP, aiming at exploring the potential novel biomarkers and partial mechanism of ITP. The metabolomic anal. of plasma samples was conducted using GC-MS on 98 ITP patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Age and gender matched samples were selected to enter the training set or test set resp. OPLS-DA, t-test with FDR correction and ROC analyses were employed to screen out and evaluate the differential metabolites. Possible pathways were enriched based on metabolomics pathway anal. (MetPA). A total of 85 metabolites were investigated in author’s study and 17 differential metabolites with diagnostic potential were identified between ITP patients and HCs. MetPA showed that the metabolic disorders of ITP patients were mainly related to phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Addnl., author discriminated 6 differential metabolites and 5 enriched pathways in predicting the resistance to glucocorticoids in chronic ITP patients. The distinct metabolites discovered in author’s study could become novel biomarkers for the auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis prediction of ITP. Besides, the dysregulated pathways might contribute to the development of ITP. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The impact of insecticides containing deltamethrin and cyfluthrin on the composition of surface compounds in the larvae, females and males of Tenebrio molitor was written by Wojciechowska, Marta;Stepnowski, Piotr;Golebiowski, Marek. And the article was included in Biomedical Chromatography in 2022.COA of Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This paper presents the effect of insecticides on the composition of the surface compounds of one of the most harmful insects, Tenebrio molitor , by anal. using GC-MS. As a result of the use of insecticides, the composition of the chem. compounds on the surface of insects changes, depending on the insecticides used. The most numerous groups of the marked compounds were fatty acids, alkanes, esters and sterols. The content of the identified compounds in the larvae increased at both 24 and 48 h after the application of insecticides, in comparison with the control samples. The content of identified compounds in the samples taken from the females increased 24, 48 and 72 h after the application of insecticides in comparison with the control samples. By contrast, in samples prepared from males, the content of identified compounds decreased 24 h after the application of insecticides, compared with the control samples. The highest content of chem. compounds was for fatty acids and alkanes after the use of insecticides. The content of fatty acids after the application of the insecticide with deltamethrin was 62.1 卤 3.3-466.9 卤 5.9 渭g/g, and after the application of the insecticide with cyfluthrin was 49.9 卤 1.9-458.3 卤 4.2 渭g/g. However, the content of alkanes after the use of deltamethrin was 115.6 卤 4.2-4672.0 卤 32.1 渭g/g, and after the use of cyfluthrin was 189.4 卤 3.8-3975.0 卤 10.2 渭g/g. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1COA of Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Biodegradable Films Loaded with Levofloxacin Lipid Nanocarriers was written by Abdel-Rashid, Rania S.;El-leithy, Eman S.;Abdel-monem, Raghda. And the article was included in AAPS PharmSciTech in 2022.Electric Literature of C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Skin ulcers have increased sharply due to rise in the incidence of obesity and diabetes. This study investigated lipid nanocarriers as a strategy to improve the efficacy of levofloxacin (LV) in penetrating skin. Two surfactant types and different lipid mixtures were used in preparation of lipid nanocarriers. Mean particle size, percentage entrapment efficiency (%EE), in vitro release, and antimicrobial activity were examined The selected formula was incorporated into a chitosan (CS) film that was subjected to physic-chem. characterization and ex vivo permeation study. The selected formula showed particle size, PDI, and ZP: 80.3 nm, -0.21, and -26 mV, resp., synchronized with 82.12%EE. In vitro release study showed slow biphasic release of LV from lipid nanocarriers. The antimicrobial effect illustrated statistically significant effect of lipid nanocarriers on decreasing the min. effective concentration (MIC) of LV, particularly against E. coli. The optimized nanocarriers鈥?formula loaded into CS film was clear, colorless, translucent, and smooth in texture. Based on the release profiles, it could be speculated that the CS film loaded with LV nanocarriers can maintain the antibacterial activity for 4 consecutive days. Thus, the local delivery of the drug in a sustained release manner could be predicted to enhance the therapeutic effect. Further clin. studies are strongly recommended. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Electric Literature of C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Electric Literature of C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect and mechanism of glycerol monostearate dimer (GMS-D) and baking-treatment on the structure, in vitro digestion of gelatinized potato starch-GMS-D was written by Lu, Yuanchao;Li, Jialing;Ji, Jian;Nie, Xiaohua;Yu, Ningxiang;Meng, Xianghe. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2022.Safety of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

With the increasing progress of society and in-depth scientific research, dietary regulations, especially sustained glucose releases, are regarded as an effective and significant way to lighten or even cut the emergence of diabetes. In this research, the starch-lipid complex gelatinized potato starch-glycerol monostearate dimer (GPS-GMS-D) was developed to provide a low-glycemic index functional food component for type 2 diabetes. Briefly, the higher complexation index (CI, 71.02%), lower rapidly digestible starch (RDS, 35.57%), and lower estimated glycemic index (eGI, 52.34%) were referred to as GPS-GMS-D. It was assumed that the solid V-type crystal structure, induced with the helix between GMS-D and GPS due to high amylose, high saturation, and low steric hindrance, contributed to the lower digestibility. In addition, baking treatment for 5 min was systematically exerted to improve the flavor of GPS-GMS-D with a relatively high CI (59.98%) and low eGI (54.15%). It was believed that rapid dehydration and close interaction during baking treatment could slow down the decomposition of GPS-GMS-D and conversions of starch fractions. Therefore, these results suggested that the as-developed GPS-GMS-D was a promising low GI functional dietary food component for diabetes mellitus, and a suitable baking post-thermal treatment was successfully proposed to enhance the flavor of GPS-GMS-D. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Safety of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Safety of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics