On October 2, 2020, Balijepalli, Anant S.; McNeely, James H.; Hamoud, Aladin; Grinstaff, Mark W. published an article.Quality Control of (2R,3S,4R)-2-(Acetoxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl diacetate The title of the article was Guidelines for β-Lactam Synthesis: Glycal Protecting Groups Dictate Stereoelectronics and [2+2] Cycloaddition Kinetics. And the article contained the following:
The alkene-isocyanate cycloaddition method affords β-lactams from glycals with high regio- and stereoselectivity, but the factors that determine substrate reactivity are poorly understood. Thus, we synthesized a library of 17 electron-rich alkenes (glycals) with varied protecting groups to systematically elucidate the factors that influence their reactivity toward the electron-poor trichloroacetyl isocyanate. The exptl. determined reaction rates exponentially correlate with the computationally determined HOMO-LUMO (HOMO-LUMO) gap and natural bond orbital (NBO) valence energies. The electron-withdrawing ability of the protecting groups, but not bulk, impacts the electron d. of the glycal allyloxocarbenium system when oriented pseudo-axially (i.e., stereoelectronics). In this conformation, ring σC-O* orbitals oriented antiperiplanar to the allyloxocarbenium system decrease glycal reactivity via neg. hyperconjugation as protecting group electron withdrawal increases. Transition-state calculations reveal that protecting group stereoelectronics direct the reaction to proceed via an asynchronous one-step mechanism through a zwitterionic species. The combined exptl. and computational findings, along with exptl. validation on an unknown glycal, provide insight on the reaction mechanism and the role of distant protecting groups in glycal reactivity. Together, these studies will aid in the synthesis of new β-lactam antibiotics, β-lactamase inhibitors, and bicyclic carbohydrate-β-lactam monomers prepared by the alkene-isocyanate method. The experimental process involved the reaction of (2R,3S,4R)-2-(Acetoxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl diacetate(cas: 2873-29-2).Quality Control of (2R,3S,4R)-2-(Acetoxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl diacetate
The Article related to glycal isocyanate cycloaddition kinetics protecting group effect beta lactam, Physical Organic Chemistry: Ring Formation, Cleavage, Enlargement, and Contraction and other aspects.Quality Control of (2R,3S,4R)-2-(Acetoxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl diacetate
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics