Category: 26662-94-2

Medin Oligomer Membrane Pore Formation: A Potential Mechanism of Vascular Dysfunction was written by Younger, Scott;Jang, Hyunbum;Davies, Hannah A.;Niemiec, Martin J.;Garcia, Joe G. N.;Nussinov, Ruth;Migrino, Raymond Q.;Madine, Jillian;Arce, Fernando T.. And the article was included in Biophysical Journal in 2020.Synthetic Route of C39H76NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Medin, a 50-amino-acid cleavage product of the milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein, is one of the most common forms of localized amyloid found in the vasculature of individuals older than 50 years. Medin induces endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation, yet despite its prevalence in the human aorta and multiple arterial beds, little is known about the nature of its pathol. Medin oligomers have been implicated in the pathol. of aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and more recently, vascular dementia. Recent in vitro biomech. measurements found increased oligomer levels in aneurysm patients with altered aortic wall integrity. Our results suggest an oligomer-mediated toxicity mechanism for medin pathol. Using lipid bilayer electrophysiol., we show that medin oligomers induce ionic membrane permeability by pore formation. Pore activity was primarily observed for preaggregated medin species from the growth-phase and rarely for lag-phase species. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging of medin aggregates at different stages of aggregation revealed the gradual formation of flat domains resembling the morphol. of supported lipid bilayers. Transmission electron microscopy images showed the coexistence of compact oligomers, largely consistent with the AFM data, and larger protofibrillar structures. CD spectroscopy revealed the presence of largely disordered species and suggested the presence of 尾-sheets. This observation and the significantly lower thioflavin T fluorescence emitted by medin aggregates compared to amyloid-尾 fibrils, along with the absence of amyloid fibers in the AFM and transmission electron microscopy images, suggest that medin aggregation into pores follows a nonamyloidogenic pathway. In silico modeling by mol. dynamics simulations provides at.-level structural detail of medin pores with the CNpNC barrel topol. and diameters comparable to values estimated from exptl. pore conductances. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Synthetic Route of C39H76NO8P).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Synthetic Route of C39H76NO8P

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Toward Complete Structure Elucidation of Glycerophospholipids in the Gas Phase through Charge Inversion Ion/Ion Chemistry was written by Randolph, Caitlin E.;Blanksby, Stephen J.;McLuckey, Scott A.. And the article was included in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020.Application In Synthesis of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Shotgun lipidomics has recently gained popularity for lipid anal. Conventionally, shotgun anal. of glycerophospholipids via direct electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) provides glycerophospholipid (GPL) class (i.e., headgroup composition) and fatty acyl composition Reliant on low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID), traditional ESI-MS/MS fails to define fatty acyl regiochem. along the glycerol backbone or carbon-carbon double bond position(s) in unsaturated fatty acyl substituents. Therefore, isomeric GPLs are often unresolved, representing a significant challenge for shotgun-MS approaches. We developed a top-down shotgun-MS method utilizing gas-phase ion/ion charge inversion chem. that provides near-complete GPL structural identification. First, in neg. ion mode, CID of mass-selected GPL anions generates fatty acyl carboxylate anions via fragmentation of ester bonds linking the fatty acyl substituents at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone. Product anions, including fatty acyl carboxylate ions, were then derivatized in the mass spectrometer via an ion/ion charge inversion reaction with tris-phenanthroline magnesium dications. Subsequent CID of charge-inverted fatty acyl complex cations yielded isomer-specific product ion spectra that permit (i) unambiguous assignment of carbon-carbon double bond position(s) and (ii) relative quantitation of isomeric fatty acyl substituents. The outlined strategy was applied to the anal. of targeted GPLs extracted from human plasma, including several proposed plasma biomarkers. A single experiment thus facilitates assignment of the GPL headgroup, fatty acyl composition, carbon-carbon double bond position(s) in unsaturated fatty acyl chains, and, in some cases, fatty acyl sn-position and relative abundances for isomeric fatty acyl substituents. Ultimately, this MSⁿ platform paired with ion/ion chem. permitted identification of major, and some minor, isomeric contributors that are unresolved using conventional ESI-MS/MS. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Application In Synthesis of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Application In Synthesis of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metabolic Alterations in Older Women With Low Bone Mineral Density Supplemented With Lactobacillus reuteri was written by Li, Peishun;Sundh, Daniel;Ji, Boyang;Lappa, Dimitra;Ye, Lingqun;Nielsen, Jens;Lorentzon, Mattias. And the article was included in JBMR Plus in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Osteoporosis and its associated fractures are highly prevalent in older women. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota play important roles in regulating bone metabolism A previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 (L.reuteri) led to substantially reduced bone loss in older women with low BMD. However, the total metabolic effects of L. reuteri supplementation on older women are still not clear. In this study, a post hoc anal. (not predefined) of serum metabolomic profiles of older women from the previous RCT was performed to investigate the metabolic dynamics over 1 yr and to evaluate the effects of L. reuteri supplementation on human metabolism Distinct segregation of the L. reuteri and placebo groups in response to the treatment was revealed by partial least squares-discriminant anal. Although no individual metabolite was differentially and significantly associated with treatment after correction for multiple testing, 97 metabolites responded differentially at any one time point between L. reuteri and placebo groups (variable importance in projection score >1 and p value <0.05). These metabolites were involved in multiple processes, including amino acid, peptide, and lipid metabolism Butyrylcarnitine was particularly increased at all investigated time points in the L. reuteri group compared with placebo, indicating that the effects of L. reuteri on bone loss are mediated through butyrate signaling. Furthermore, the metabolomic profiles in a case (low BMD) and control population (high BMD) of elderly women were analyzed to confirm the associations between BMD and the identified metabolites regulated by L. reuteri supplementation. The amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids, showed association with L. reuteri treatment and with low BMD in older women, and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Application In Synthesis of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Distinct lipid membrane interaction and uptake of differentially charged nanoplastics in bacteria was written by Dai, Shang;Ye, Rui;Huang, Jianxiang;Wang, Binqiang;Xie, Zhenming;Ou, Xinwen;Yu, Ning;Huang, Cheng;Hua, Yuejin;Zhou, Ruhong;Tian, Bing. And the article was included in Journal of Nanobiotechnology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 26662-94-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Nanoplastics have been recently found widely distributed in our natural environment where ubiquitously bacteria are major participants in various material cycles. Understanding how nanoplastics interact with bacterial cell membrane is critical to grasp their uptake processes as well as to analyze their associated risks in ecosystems and human microflora. However, little is known about the detailed interaction of differentially charged nanoplastics with bacteria. The present work exptl. and theor. demonstrated that nanoplastics enter into bacteria depending on the surface charges and cell envelope structural features, and proved the shielding role of membrane lipids against nanoplastics. Pos. charged polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH2, 80 nm) can efficiently translocate across cell membranes, while neg. charged PS (PS-COOH) and neutral PS show almost no or much less efficacy in translocation. Mol. dynamics simulations revealed that the PS-NH2 displayed more favorable electrostatic interactions with bacterial membranes and was subjected to internalisation through membrane penetration. The pos. charged nanoplastics destroy cell envelope of Gram-pos. B. subtilis by forming membrane pore, while enter into the Gram-neg. E. coli with a relatively intact envelope. The accumulated pos. charged nanoplastics conveyed more cell stress by inducing a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the subsequently released membrane lipid-coated nanoplastics were nearly nontoxic to cells, and like wise, stealthy bacteria wrapped up with artificial lipid layers became less sensitive to the pos. charged nanoplastics, thereby illustrating that the membrane lipid can shield the strong interaction between the pos. charged nanoplastics and cells. Our findings elucidated the mol. mechanism of nanoplastics interaction and accumulation within bacteria, and implied the shielding and internalization effect of membrane lipid on toxic nanoplastics could promote bacteria for potential plastic bioremediation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Recommanded Product: 26662-94-2).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 26662-94-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bacterial Analogs to Cholesterol Affect Dimerization of Proteorhodopsin and Modulates Preferred Dimer Interface was written by Sefah, Eric;Mertz, Blake. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation in 2021.Application of 26662-94-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hopanoids, the bacterial analogs of sterols, are ubiquitous in bacteria and play a significant role in organismal survival under stressful environments. Unlike sterols, hopanoids have a high degree of variation in the size and chem. nature of the substituent attached to the ring moiety, leading to different effects on the structure and dynamics of biol. membranes. While it is understood that hopanoids can indirectly tune membrane phys. properties, little is known on the role that hopanoids may play in affecting the organization and behavior of bacterial membrane proteins. The authors used coarse-grained mol. dynamics simulations to characterize the effects of two hopanoids, diploptene (DPT) and bacteriohopanetetrol (BHT), on the oligomerization of proteorhodopsin (PR) in a model membrane composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophoethanolamine (POPE) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-3-phosphoglycerol (POPG). PR is a bacterial membrane protein that functions as a light-activated proton pump. The authors chose PR based on its ability to adopt a distribution of oligomeric states in different membrane environments. Furthermore, the efficiency of proton pumping in PR is intimately linked to its organization into oligomers. The authors’ results reveal that both BHT and DPT indirectly affect dimerization by tuning membrane properties in a fashion that is concentration-dependent. Variation in their interaction with PR in the membrane-embedded and the cytoplasmic regions leads to distinctly different effects on the plasticity of the dimer interface. BHT has the ability to intercalate between monomers in the dimeric interface, whereas DPT shifts dimerization interactions via packing of the interleaflet region of the membrane. The authors’ results show a direct relation between hopanoid structure and lateral organization of PR, providing a first glimpse at how these bacterial analogs to eukaryotic sterols produce very similar biophys. effects within the cell membrane. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Application of 26662-94-2).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Application of 26662-94-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Occupancy distributions of membrane proteins in heterogeneous liposome populations was written by Cliff, Lucy;Chadda, Rahul;Robertson, Janice L.. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Biomembranes in 2020.Application of 26662-94-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Studies of membrane protein structure and function often rely on reconstituting the protein into lipid bilayers through the formation of liposomes. Many measurements conducted in proteoliposomes, e.g. transport rates, single-mol. dynamics, monomer-oligomer equilibrium, require some understanding of the occupancy statistics of the liposome population for correct interpretation of the results. In homogenous liposomes, this is easy to calculate as the act of protein incorporation can be described by the Poisson distribution. However, in reality, liposomes are heterogeneous, which alters the statistics of occupancy in several ways. Here, we determine the liposome occupancy distribution for membrane protein reconstitution while considering liposome size heterogeneity. We calculate the protein occupancy for a homogenous population of liposomes with radius r = 200 nm, representing an idealization of vesicles extruded through 400 nm pores and compare it to the right-skewed distribution of 400 nm 2:1 POPE:POPG vesicles. As is the case for E. coli polar lipids, this synthetic composition yields a sub-population of small liposomes, 25-30 nm in radius with a long tail of larger vesicles. Previously published microscopy data of the co-localization of the CLC-ec1 Cl^–/H⁺ transporter with liposomes, and vesicle occupancy measurements using functional transport assays, shows agreement with the heterogeneous 2:1 POPE:POPG population. Next, distributions of 100 nm and 30 nm extruded 2:1 POPE:POPG liposomes are measured by cryo-electron microscopy, demonstrating that extrusion through smaller pores does not shift the peak, but reduces polydispersity arising from large liposomes. Single-mol. photobleaching anal. of CLC-ec1-Cy5 shows the 30 nm extruded population increases the ‘Poisson-dilution’ range, reducing the probability of vesicles with more than one protein at higher protein/lipid densities. These results demonstrate that the occupancy distributions of membrane proteins into vesicles can be accurately predicted in heterogeneous populations with exptl. knowledge of the liposome size distribution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mol. biophysics of membranes and membrane proteins. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Application of 26662-94-2).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application of 26662-94-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Membrane Potentials Trigger Molecular-Scale Rearrangements in the Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria was written by Khairalla, Bishoy;Brand, Izabella. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2022.Name: (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The structural complexity of the cell envelope of Gram-neg. bacteria limits the fabrication of realistic models of bacterial cell membranes. A vertical Langmuir-Blodgett withdrawing was used to deposit a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) monolayer on the Au(111) surface. The second leaflet composed of di[3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl]-lipid A (KLA) was deposited using Langmuir-Schaefer transfer. The use of an electrode material as a support for the POPE-KLA bilayer allowed electrochem. control of the membrane’s stability, compactness, and structure. Capacitance-potential curves showed a typical pattern for the supported lipid bilayers electrochem. characteristic. The min. membrane capacitance was ~4渭F cm^-2 and did not change in the following desorption-adsorption cycles, indicating the presence of a stable bilayer structure with an asym. composition of both leaflets. However, at a mol. scale, as elucidated in spectroelectrochem. experiments, large differences in the response of both leaflets to elec. potentials were observed The acyl chains in POPE and KLA existed in a liquid state. The quant. anal. of the CH stretching modes indicated potential-driven reorientations in the hydrophobic fragment of the bilayer, already in the adsorbed state. To assign observed rearrangements to POPE and KLA lipids in both leaflets, per-deuterated d₃₁-POPE was transferred into the inner leaflet. Since no potential-dependent changes of the CD₂ stretching modes in the d₃₁-POPE-KLA bilayer were observed, reorientations in the acyl chain region were assigned to the KLA mols. Mg²⁺ ions were bound to the polar head groups of KLA. The strength of electrostatic interactions in the polar head group region of KLA was dependent on the direction of the elec. field. At neg. elec. potentials, the binding of divalent cations weakened, which gave the KLA mols. increased orientational flexibility. This behavior in elec. fields is peculiar for the outer membrane and indicates that the microbial cell membranes have different electrochem. properties than phospholipid bilayers. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Name: (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structural changes in lipid mesophases due to intercalation of dendritic polymer nanoparticles: Swollen lamellae, suppressed curvature, and augmented structural disorder was written by Fox, Laura J.;Matthews, Lauren;Stockdale, Holly;Pichai, Supakit;Snow, Tim;Richardson, Robert M.;Briscoe, Wuge H.. And the article was included in Acta Biomaterialia in 2020.Formula: C39H76NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Understanding interactions between nanoparticles and model membranes is relevant to functional nano-composites and the fundamentals of nanotoxicity. In this study, the effect of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers as model nanoparticles (NP) on the mesophase behavior of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) has been investigated using high-pressure small-angle X-ray scattering (HP-SAXS). The pressure-temperature (p – T) diagrams for POPE mesophases in excess water were obtained in the absence and presence of G2 and G4 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (29 脜 and 45 脜 in diameter, resp.) at varying NP-lipid number ratio (谓 = 0.0002-0.02) over the pressure range p = 1-3000 bar and temperature range T = 20-80掳C. The p – T phase diagram of POPE exhibited the L尾, L伪 and HII phases. Complete anal. of the phase diagrams, including the relative area pervaded by different phases, phase transition temperatures (Tt) and pressures (pt), the lattice parameters (d-spacing), the pressure-dependence of d-spacing (螖d/螖p), and the structural ordering in the mesophase as gauged by the Scherrer coherence length (L) permitted insights into the size- and concentration-dependent interactions between the dendrimers and the model membrane system. The addition of dendrimers changed the phase transition pressure and temperature and resulted in the emergence of highly swollen lamellar phases, dubbed L尾-den and L伪-den. G4 PAMAM dendrimers at the highest concentration 谓 = 0.02 suppressed the formation of the HII phase within the temperature range studied, whereas the addition of G2 PAMAM dendrimers at the same concentration promoted an extended mixed lamellar region in which L伪 and L尾 phases coexisted. Using high pressure small angle X-ray scattering in the pressure range 1-3000 bar and temperature range 20-60掳C, we have studied interactions between PAMAM dendrimers (as model nanoparticles) and POPE lipid mesophases (as model membranes). We report the pressure-temperature phase diagrams for the dendrimer-lipid mesophases for the first time. We find that the dendrimers alter the phase transition temperatures (Tt) and pressures (pt), the lattice parameters (d-spacing), and the structural order in the mesophase. We interpret these unprecedented results in terms of the fluidity of the lipid membranes and the interactions between the dendrimers and the membranes. Our findings are of fundamental relevance to the field of nanotoxicity and functional nanomaterials that integrate nanoparticles and organized lipid structures. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Formula: C39H76NO8P).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C39H76NO8P

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of Different Aromatic Hydrophobic Residues on the Antimicrobial Activity and Membrane Selectivity of BRBR-NH₂ Tetrapeptide was written by Liu, Lei;Zhao, Liling;Liu, Lixia;Yue, Shizhong;Wang, Jihua;Cao, Zanxia. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2020.COA of Formula: C39H76NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The ultrashort linear antimicrobial tetrapeptide BRBR-NH₂ with an unnatural residue biphenylalanine (B) has potent and rapid antimethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity but lacks hemolytic activity. The anti-MRSA activity of BRBR-NH₂ is 8-fold more potent than that of WRWR-NH₂ and 16-fold more potent than that of FRFR-NH₂. However, how to influence their antimicrobial activities and mechanisms through the substitution of different aromatic hydrophobic residues is still unclear. In this work, to study the effects of varying hydrophobic interactions and membrane selectivities of BRBR-NH₂, we performed multiple long-time (1000 ns) mol. dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the interactions of a red blood cell (RBC) membrane and a Gram-pos. bacterial cell membrane with three different tetrapeptides (BRBR-NH₂, WRWR-NH₂, and FRFR-NH₂) under different ratios of peptides and lipids and also explored the changes in the membrane and structural characteristics of peptides. The binding energy results show that BRBR-NH₂ interacts weakly with the RBC membrane, while not all BRBR-NH₂ can be adsorbed to the RBC membrane surface. The MD simulation results produced significant local membrane thinning of multiBRBR-NH₂ peptides in the Gram-pos. bacterial cell membrane. An in-depth anal. of structural features and peptide-membrane interactions suggests that the aggregation of BRBR-NH₂ on the membrane surface plays a crucial role in the destruction of the cell membrane. Taken together with the observed local membrane thinning, the in-depth anal. demonstrated that the interactions between the lipid bilayer and the BRBR-NH₂ aggregation surface result in a local disturbance of the membrane structure. It can be concluded that the high anti-MRSA activity of BRBR-NH₂ is attributed to the aggregation of BRBR-NH₂ on the membrane surface. On the other hand, WRWR-NH₂ and FRFR-NH₂ peptides tend to bind with the membrane surface in a monomeric form and cover the membrane surface in a carpet-like manner. Therefore, these results provide an advanced microscopic understanding of how hydrophobic interactions or hydrophobic residues affect the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2COA of Formula: C39H76NO8P).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C39H76NO8P

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Interactions between beta-2-glycoprotein-1 and phospholipid bilayer-a molecular dynamic study was written by Kruszewska, Natalia;Domino, Krzysztof;Drelich, Radoslaw;Urbaniak, Wieslaw;Petelska, Aneta D.. And the article was included in Membranes (Basel, Switzerland) in 2020.Name: (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study aims to investigate the interactions appearing when the beta-2-glycoprotein-1 binds to a lipid bilayer. The inter- and intra-mol. forces acting between the two macromol. systems have been investigated using a mol. dynamics simulation method. The importance of water bridges has also been addressed. Addnl., the viscoelastic response of the bilayer has been studied. In detail, the (saturated-chain) 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and (unsaturated-chain) 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) bilayers have been chosen to test their behavior near the protein. Both of the lipids have a polar head but different chem. structures and are similar to the main phospholipids present in the synovial fluid. This study is meaningful for further explaining the worsening friction properties in articular cartilage, as the inactivation of phospholipid bilayers by beta-2-glycoprotein-1 is believed to be a cause of the destruction of cartilage in most rheumatic diseases and osteoarthritis. It was found that the protein binds stronger to the DPPC bilayer than to the POPE, but in both cases, it has the potential to change the local bilayer stability. Nevertheless, the binding forces are placed within a small area (only a few lipids contribute to the binding, creating many interactions). However, together, they are not stronger than the covalent bonds between C-O, thus, potentially, it is possible to push the lipids into the bilayer but detaching the lipids’ heads from the tail is not possible. Addnl., the protein causes water displacement from the vicinity of the bilayer, and this may be a contributor to the instability of the bilayer (disrupting the water bridges needed for the stabilization of the bilayer, especially in the case of DPPC where the heads are not so well stabilized by H-bonds as they are in POPE). Moreover, it was found that the diffusivity of lipids in the DPPC bilayer bound to the protein is significantly different from the diffusivity of the ones which are not in contact with the protein. The POPE bilayer is stiffer due to intramol. interactions, which are stronger than in the DPPC; thus, the viscous to elastic effects in the POPE case are more significant than in the case of the DPPC. It is, therefore, harder to destabilize the POPE bilayer than the DPPC one. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Name: (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics