Category: 2358-84-1

On January 31, 2022, Lin, Xian; Tao, Cheng; Zhang, Ren; Zhang, Miaomiao; Wang, Qingwen; Chen, Jian published an article.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The title of the article was N6-methyladenosine modification of TGM2 mRNA contributes to the inhibitory activity of sarsasapogenin in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. And the article contained the following:

Developing alternative targets and drugs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment is currently an urgent issue. The relationship between TGM2 and the abnormal immune microenvironment in synovium tissues, as well as the specific role of TGM2 in RA are yet to be elucidated. Sarsasapogenin (Sar) is a sapogenin extracted from the Chinese medical herb Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. and served as a representative anti-inflammatory drug capable of ameliorating inflammatory responses in several human diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of Sar on RA remains unknown. This investigation aims to elucidate the role of TGM2 in RA and investigate whether Sar is a candidate drug to target TGM2 of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Bioinformatics analyses were applied for elucidating the role of N(6)-methyladenine (m6A) RNA methylation in RA and identifying the specific target regulated by m6A methylation in RA-FLS. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation, CCK8 assay, Edu assay, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and Western blot were utilized to investigate the function of Sar and TGM2 in RA-FLS. Bioinformatics analyses emphasized the importance of m6A RNA methylation in RA and identified an m6A methylation-mediated gene TGM2. Interestingly, both m6A RNA methylation and TGM2 expression in RA synovium tissues correlated with activated immuno-inflammatory phenotype and associated with clin. characteristics and therapy response of RA patients. TGM2 served as a promoter of RA-FLS proliferation by inducing DNA replication and cell cycle transition and inhibiting apoptosis through activating NF-κB signaling. Intriguingly, Sar could impair m6A methylation of TGM2 mRNA and downregulate TGM2 expression. Downregulated TGM2 contributed to the suppressive role of Sar in DNA replication and the stimulatory role of Sar in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of RA-FLS. Mech., Sar inhibited the expression of key regulators in DNA replication, cell cycle, and apoptosis by impairing NF-κB signaling, thus abolishing FLS proliferation to ameliorate RA progression. This cross-validated work based on three independent datasets is detailedly delineated using cell lines and clin. samples, recognizing that TGM2 can be an attractive target and Sar might be a novel anti-RA drug. The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).Category: esters-buliding-blocks

The Article related to rheumatoid arthritis human sarsasapogenin synoviocytes, n6-methyladenosine, rheumatoid arthritis, sarsasapogenin, tgm2, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On October 5, 2021, Hu, Hui; Zhang, Xiao-Wei; Li, Lin; Hu, Ming-Ning; Hu, Wen-Qian; Zhang, Jing-Ying; Miao, Xiao-Kang; Yang, Wen-Le; Mou, Ling-Yun published an article.Recommanded Product: 2358-84-1 The title of the article was Inhibition of autophagy by YC-1 promotes gefitinib induced apoptosis by targeting FOXO1 in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells. And the article contained the following:

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer in the world. Gefitinib, an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase, is highly effective in treating NSCLC patients with activating EGFR mutations (L858R or Ex19del). However, despite excellent disease control with gefitinib therapy, innate resistance and inevitable acquired resistance represent immense challenges in NSCLC therapy. Gefitinib potently induces cytoprotective autophagy, which has been implied to contribute to both innate and acquired resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC cells. Currently, abrogation of autophagy is considered a promising strategy for NSCLC therapy. In the present study, YC-1, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, was first found to significantly inhibit the autophagy induced by gefitinib by disrupting the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes and thereby enhancing the proapoptotic effect of gefitinib in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Furthermore, the combinational anti-autophagic and pro-apoptotic effect of gefitinib and YC-1 was demonstrated to be associated with an enhanced of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) transcriptional activity which resulted from an increase in the p-FOXO1 protein level in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Our data suggest that inhibition of autophagy by targeting FOXO1 may be a feasible therapeutic strategy to overcome both innate and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).Recommanded Product: 2358-84-1

The Article related to autophagy yc1 promote apoptosis foxo1 gefitinib nsclc, apoptosis, autophagy, epidermal growth factor receptor, foxo, gefitinib, lung cancer, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 2358-84-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On December 31, 2020, Mirzaei, Mehdi; Gupta, Vivek K.; Chitranshi, Nitin; Deng, Liting; Pushpitha, Kanishka; Abbasi, Mojdeh; Chick, Joel M.; Rajput, Rashi; Wu, Yunqi; McKay, Matthew J.; Salekdeh, Ghasem H.; Gupta, Veer B.; Haynes, Paul A.; Graham, Stuart L. published an article.Name: Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) The title of the article was Retinal proteomics of experimental glaucoma model reveal intraocular pressure-induced mediators of neurodegenerative changes. And the article contained the following:

Current evidence suggests that exposure to chronically induced intraocular pressure (IOP) leads to neurodegenerative changes in the inner retina. This study aimed to determine retinal proteomic alterations in a rat model of glaucoma and compared findings with human retinal proteomics changes in glaucoma reported previously. We developed an exptl. glaucoma rat model by subjecting the rats to increased IOP (9.3 ± 0.1 vs 20.8 ± 1.6 mm Hg) by weekly microbead injections into the eye (8 wk). The retinal tissues were harvested from control and glaucomatous eyes and protein expression changes analyzed using a multiplexed quant. proteomics approach (TMT-MS3). Immunofluorescence was performed for selected protein markers for data validation. Our study identified 4304 proteins in the rat retinas. Out of these, 139 proteins were downregulated (≤0.83) while the expression of 109 proteins was upregulated (≥1.2-fold change) under glaucoma conditions (P ≤ .05). Computational anal. revealed reduced expression of proteins associated with glutathione metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative phosphorylation, cytoskeleton, and actin filament organization, along with increased expression of proteins in coagulation cascade, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and RNA processing. The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).Name: Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

The Article related to glaucomatous retina glycoprotein oxidative stress glaucoma pathogenesis intraocular pressure, glaucoma, neurodegeneration, proteomics, retina, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Name: Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On September 30, 2020, Azambuja, J. H.; Schuh, R. S.; Michels, L. R.; Iser, I. C.; Beckenkamp, L. R.; Roliano, G. G.; Lenz, G. S.; Scholl, J. N.; Sevigny, J.; Wink, M. R.; Stefani, M. A.; Battastini, A. M. O.; Figueiro, F.; Teixeira, H. F.; Braganhol, E. published an article.HPLC of Formula: 2358-84-1 The title of the article was Blockade of CD73 delays glioblastoma growth by modulating the immune environment. And the article contained the following:

Abstract: Immunotherapy as an approach for cancer treatment is clin. promising. CD73, which is the enzyme that produces extracellular adenosine, favors cancer progression and protects the tumor from immune surveillance. While CD73 has recently been demonstrated to be a potential target for glioma treatment, its role in regulating the inflammatory tumor microenvironment has not yet been investigated. Thus, this study explores the immunotherapeutic value of the CD73 blockade in glioblastoma. The immuno-therapeutic value of the CD73 blockade was evaluated in vivo in immunocompetent pre-clin. glioblastoma model. As such, glioblastoma-bearing rats were nasally treated for 15 days with a siRNA CD73-loaded cationic-nanoemulsion (NE-siRNA CD73R). Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin-V staining and cell proliferation was analyzed by Ki67 expression by immunohistochem. The treatment selectively decreased CD73 expression in the GB cells as well as in the tumor-associated-macrophages/microglia. This study indicates that CD73 knockdown using a nanotechnol. approach to perform nasal delivery of siRNA-CD73 to CNS can potentially regulate the glioblastoma immune microenvironment and delay tumor growth by inducing apoptosis. The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).HPLC of Formula: 2358-84-1

The Article related to cd73 glioblastoma growth immune environment, ecto-5′-nucleotidase/cd73, glioblastoma, immunotherapy, macrophages, microglia, t regulatory lymphocytes, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 2358-84-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On September 30, 2021, Lahaye, Clement; Gladine, Cecile; Pereira, Bruno; Berger, Juliette; Chinetti-Gbaguidi, Giulia; Laine, Fabrice; Mazur, Andrzej; Ruivard, Marc published an article.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The title of the article was Does iron overload in metabolic syndrome affect macrophage profile? A case control study. And the article contained the following:

Dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) is common but the clin. relevance of iron overload is not understood. Macrophages are central cells in iron homeostasis and inflammation. We hypothesized that iron overload in DIOS could affect the phenotype of monocytes and impair macrophage gene expression. This study compared 20 subjects with DIOS to 20 subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) without iron overload, and 20 healthy controls. Monocytes were phenotyped by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and differentiated into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in the presence of IL-4. The expression of 38 genes related to inflammation, iron metabolism and M2 phenotype was assessed by real-time PCR. FACS showed no difference between monocytes across the three groups. The macrophagic response to IL-4-driven differentiation was altered in four of the five genes of M2 phenotype (MRC1, F13A1, ABCA1, TGM2 but not FABP4), in DIOS vs Mets and controls demonstrating an impaired M2 polarization. The expression profile of inflammatory genes was not different in DIOS vs MetS. Several genes of iron metabolism presented a higher expression in DIOS vs MetS: SCL11A2 (a free iron transporter, +76%, p = 0.04), SOD1 (an antioxidant enzyme, +27%, p = 0.02), and TFRC (the receptor 1 of transferrin, +59%, p = 0.003). In DIOS, macrophage polarization toward the M2 alternative phenotype is impaired but not associated with a pro-inflammatory profile. The up regulation of transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC) in DIOS macrophages suggests an adaptive role that may limit iron toxicity in DIOS. The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).Category: esters-buliding-blocks

The Article related to human iron overload metabolic syndrome macrophage polarization, dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome, ferritin, inflammation, macrophage polarization, metabolic syndrome, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On November 30, 2020, Vasiliu, Silvia; Lungan, Maria-Andreea; Racovita, Stefania; Popa, Marcel published an article.COA of Formula: C12H18O5 The title of the article was Porous microparticles based on methacrylic copolymers and gellan as drug delivery systems. And the article contained the following:

Two types of porous microparticles based on glycidyl methacrylate, dimethacrylic monomers (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and gellan were prepared by two methods. The first method was aqueous suspension polymerization in the presence of N-Bu acetate as porogenic agent when the crosslinking and grafting reactions were achieved in a single step. The second method was based on the reaction between hydroxyl groups belonging to gellan and the epoxy groups situated on the surface of porous microparticles based on glycidyl methacrylate and dimethacrylic monomers in basic medium. The microparticles with and without gellan were characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, SEM, AFM and TGA. Also, the porous structure was investigated in terms of pore volume, porosity and sp. surface. The swelling behavior in aqueous solution with different pH values as well as sorption studies of cefuroxime sodium salt onto porous microparticles were investigated. The presence of gellan in the structure of the microparticles leads to porous materials characterized by higher sp. surface areas (Ssp = 78-140 m2 g-1), higher swelling capacities (Sw = 162%-365%) and higher sorption capacities of the drug (qe = 101-147 mg g-1) compared to microparticles without gellan in their structures (Ssp = 73-85 m2 g-1; Sw = 139%-209%; qe = 70-110 mg g-1). The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).COA of Formula: C12H18O5

The Article related to porous microparticle methacrylic copolymer drug delivery, Pharmaceuticals: Formulation and Compounding and other aspects.COA of Formula: C12H18O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On June 30, 2021, Chiari, Marina D. S.; Alania, Yvette; Bedran-Russo, Ana K.; Braga, Roberto R. published an article.Quality Control of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) The title of the article was Experimental dentin adhesives containing calcium orthophosphate particles: Effect on dentin bond strength, micro-permeability and collagen degradation. And the article contained the following:

To assess the effect of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) particles on the microtensile bond strength (ΜTBS), micro-permeability and enzymic activity at the adhesive-dentin interface of exptl. dental adhesives. An exptl. ethanol-based, two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system was prepared Four exptl. groups were tested, based on the type of particle added: (1) DCPD functionalized with diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DCPD_DEGDMA), (2) citric acid (DCPD_CA), (3) calcium silicate (MTA) and (4) unfilled (control). All particles were added at 10 wt%. Human third molars had their occlusal enamel removed and dentin surface polished. After acid etching, the adhesives were applied on the dentin surfaces and the teeth were restored with a com. nanofilled resin composite. The μTBS and micro-permeability were tested after 24 h or 2 mo of storage in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C. Bonded interfaces were observed using scanning electron microcopy (SEM). Gelatinolytic activity at the adhesive interfaces was assessed by in situ zymog. at 24 h and 2 mo in SBF/37°C. The results were described as relative florescent units (RFU). μTBS data were analyzed by ANOVA/Games-Howell test. Data from micro-permeability and in situ zymog. were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney test (alpha: 5%). Differences in μTBS were found among adhesives (control = MTA > DCPD_CA > DCPD_DEGDMA, p < 0.001), but not between storage times. The control group showed the lowest permeability at both observation periods. Except for DCPD_CA, no significant increases in micro-permeability were observed after 2 mo. All groups presented significant reductions in RFU values between 24 h and 2 mo. DCPD_DEGDMA (at 24 h) and MTA (at 2 mo) presented statistically lower RFU than the control (p < 0.01). Evidence of reduced MMP activity was observed at adhesive interfaces with the use of exptl. adhesives containing calcium-releasing particles. However, after two months, bond strength and micro-permeability results suggest that interfacial stability was not affected by adhesive formulation. The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).Quality Control of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

The Article related to calcium orthophosphate dentin adhesive bond strength micropermeability collagen degradation, Pharmaceuticals: Formulation and Compounding and other aspects.Quality Control of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On March 31, 2022, Anders, Catherine B.; Lawton, Tyler M. W.; Smith, Hannah L.; Garret, Jamie; Doucette, Margaret M.; Ammons, Mary Cloud B. published an article.HPLC of Formula: 2358-84-1 The title of the article was Use of integrated metabolomics, transcriptomics, and signal protein profile to characterize the effector function and associated metabotype of polarized macrophage phenotypes. And the article contained the following:

MΦs display remarkable plasticity and the ability to activate diverse responses to a host of intracellular and external stimuli. Despite extensive characterization of M1 MΦs and a broad set of M2 MΦs, comprehensive characterization of functional phenotype and associated metabotype driving this diverse MΦ activation remains. Herein, an ex vivo model was utilized to produce 6 MΦ functional phenotypes. Isolated CD14+ PBMCs were differentiated into resting M0 MΦs, and then polarized into M1 (IFN-γ/LPS), M2a (IL-4/IL-13), M2b (IC/LPS), M2c (IL-10), and M2d (IL-6/LIF) MΦs. The MΦs were profiled using a bioanalyte matrix of 4 cell surface markers, ∼50 secreted proteins, ∼800 expressed myeloid genes, and ∼450 identified metabolites relative to M0 MΦs. Signal protein and expressed gene profiles grouped the MΦs into inflammatory (M1 and M2b) and wound resolution (M2a, M2c, and M2d) phenotypes; however, each had a unique metabolic profile. While both M1 and M2b MΦs shared metabotype profiles consistent with an inflammatory signature; key differences were observed in the TCA cycle, FAO, and OXPHOS. Addnl., M2a, M2c, and M2d MΦs all profiled as tissue repair MΦs; however, metabotype differences were observed in multiple pathways including hexosamine, polyamine, and fatty acid metabolism These metabolic and other key functional distinctions suggest phagocytic and proliferative functions for M2a MΦs, and angiogenesis and ECM assembly capabilities for M2b, M2c, and M2d MΦs. By integrating metabolomics into a systems anal. of MΦ phenotypes, we provide the most comprehensive map of MΦ diversity to date, along with the global metabolic shifts that correlate to MΦ functional plasticity in these phenotypes. The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).HPLC of Formula: 2358-84-1

The Article related to metabolomic transcriptomic protein profile macrophage phenotype, immunomodulation, macrophage, metabolism, plasticity, Immunochemistry: Interferons and Lymphokines and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 2358-84-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Okada, Satoshi; Takayasu, Satoko; Tomita, Shunsuke; Suzuki, Yoshio; Yamamoto, Shinya published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Development of neutral pH-responsive microgels by tuning cross-linking conditions.Safety of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) And the article contains the following content:

Polymer microgels that respond in a range of neutral pH can be useful for the development of mol. imaging tools and drug-delivery carriers. Here, we describe a simple approach in developing microgels that undergo volume phase transitions and substantial NMR (NMR) relaxometric changes within a narrow pH range of 6.4 to 7.4. The pH-responsive microgels were synthesized using methacrylic acid and a series of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linkers with repeating units of ethylene glycol that range from one to four. NMR relaxometry demonstrated that the transverse relaxation time (T2) of a suspension containing microgels that were cross-linked with diethylene glycol dimethacrylate sharply decreases at the pH where volume phase transition occurs. The polymer microgels cross-linked with 40 and 45 mol% of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate caused about 50% T2 reduction with decreasing pH from 6.8 to 6.4. These results demonstrated that responses of microgels to a range of neutral pH can be easily tuned by using appropriate cross-linkers with certain crosslinking degree. This approach can be useful in developing highly sensitive mol. sensors for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tissue pH values. The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).Safety of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

The Article related to development neutral ph responsive microgel tuning crosslinking condition, mri, nmr relaxation time, ph-responsive microgels, volume phase transition, Pharmaceuticals: Formulation and Compounding and other aspects.Safety of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On December 31, 2020, Ebright, Richard Y.; Zachariah, Marcus A.; Micalizzi, Douglas S.; Wittner, Ben S.; Niederhoffer, Kira L.; Nieman, Linda T.; Chirn, Brian; Wiley, Devon F.; Wesley, Benjamin; Shaw, Brian; Nieblas-Bedolla, Edwin; Atlas, Lian; Szabolcs, Annamaria; Iafrate, Anthony J.; Toner, Mehmet; Ting, David T.; Brastianos, Priscilla K.; Haber, Daniel A.; Maheswaran, Shyamala published an article.Recommanded Product: Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) The title of the article was HIF1A signaling selectively supports proliferation of breast cancer in the brain. And the article contained the following:

Blood-borne metastasis to the brain is a major complication of breast cancer, but cellular pathways that enable cancer cells to selectively grow in the brain microenvironment are poorly understood. We find that cultured circulating tumor cells (CTCs), derived from blood samples of women with advanced breast cancer and directly inoculated into the mouse frontal lobe, exhibit striking differences in proliferative potential in the brain. Derivative cell lines generated by serial intracranial injections acquire selectively increased proliferative competency in the brain, with reduced orthotopic tumor growth. Increased Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1A (HIF1A)-associated signaling correlates with enhanced proliferation in the brain, and shRNA-mediated suppression of HIF1A or drug inhibition of HIF-associated glycolytic pathways selectively impairs brain tumor growth while minimally impacting mammary tumor growth. In clin. specimens, brain metastases have elevated HIF1A protein expression, compared with matched primary breast tumors, and in patients with brain metastases, hypoxic signaling within CTCs predicts decreased overall survival. The selective activation of hypoxic signaling by metastatic breast cancer in the brain may have therapeutic implications. The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).Recommanded Product: Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

The Article related to hypoxia inducible factor breast cancer brain, Mammalian Pathological Biochemistry: Oncology and other aspects.Recommanded Product: Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics