Identification of Biologically Active Pyrimido[5,4-b]indoles That Prolong NF-魏B Activation without Intrinsic Activity was written by Chan, Michael;Ahmadi, Alast;Yao, Shiyin;Sato-Kaneko, Fumi;Messer, Karen;Pu, Minya;Nguyen, Brandon;Hayashi, Tomoko;Corr, Maripat;Carson, Dennis A.;Cottam, Howard B.;Shukla, Nikunj M.. And the article was included in ACS Combinatorial Science in 2017.Computed Properties of C4H7NS The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Most vaccine adjuvants directly stimulate and activate antigen presenting cells, but do not sustain immunostimulation of these cells. A high throughput screening (HTS) strategy was designed to identify compounds that would sustain NF-魏B activation by a stimulus from toll-like receptor (TLR)4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Several pilot studies optimized the parameters and conditions for a cell based NF-魏B reporter assay in human monocytic THP-1 cells. The final assay evaluated prolongation of LPS induced NF-魏B activation at 12h (hours). The dynamic range of the assay was confirmed in a pilot screen of 14,631 compounds, and subsequently in a main extensive screen with 166,304 compounds Hit compounds were identified using an enrichment strategy based on unsupervised chemoinformatic clustering, and also by a naive ‘Top X’ approach. 2011 compounds were then rescreened for levels of co-activation with LPS at 5h and 12h, which provided kinetic profiles. Of the 407 confirmed hits, compounds that showed correlation of the kinetic profiles with the structural similarities led to identification of four chemotypes: pyrimido[5,4-b]indoles; 4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles; benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-2-ylureas; and tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridines, which were segregated by 5h and 12h kinetic characteristics. Unlike the TLR4 agonistic pyrimidoindoles identified in previous studies, the revealed pyrimidoindoles in the present work did not intrinsically stimulate TLR4 nor induce NF-魏B, but rather prolonged NF-魏B signaling induced by LPS. A 42-member combinatorial library was synthesized which led to identification of potent N3-alkyl substituted pyrimidoindoles that were not only active in vitro but also enhanced antibody responses in vivo when used as a co-adjuvant. The novel HTS strategy led to identification of compounds that are intrinsically quiescent but functionally prolong stimulation by a TLR4 ligand and thereby potentiate vaccine efficacy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Computed Properties of C4H7NS).
Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Computed Properties of C4H7NS
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics