Category: 2044-85-1

Tusskorn, Ornanong published the artcileBorassus flabellifer L. crude male flower extracts alleviate cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney cells, Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is Borassus flabellifer cisplatin oxidative stress kidney cell.

To investigate the effects of Borassus flabellifer L. extracts on antioxidant activity, maintenance of cellular redox, and mitochondrial function in cisplatin-induced kidney injury. The extracts of Borassus flabellifer were obtained from crude male flowers using Et acetate and methanol. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and ferric reducing antioxidant power, and total phenolic content was also determined Cytoprotective activity of Et acetate and methanolic extracts was assessed after kidney cells were treated with cisplatin. Oxidative stress was determined by glutathione (GSH) assay, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) using 2″”,7″”-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and JC-10 assays, resp. Borassus flabellifer methanolic extract exhibited greater antioxidant activity than the Et acetate extract Cytoprotective effect was demonstrated in both extracts, particularly in the Et acetate extract The extracts showed protection against the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by prevention of the increased GSSG and declined GSH/GSSG ratio. Both extracts also prevented the increase in ROS formation, and loss of ΔΨm. Both Borassus flabellifer extracts show antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effect against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity of NRK-52E cells by preventing oxidative stress and maintenance of GSH redox status. Borassus flabellifer extracts may possess beneficial effects on the prevention of oxidative stressinduced cell injury.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine published new progress about Borassus flabellifer. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, P. published the artcileUltraviolet-B radiation induces cell death in root tips and reprograms metabolism in Arabidopsis, Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is Arabidopsis root growth metabolism cell death ultravioletB radiation.

UV-B (UV-B) radiation inhibits root system growth, however, the influence of UV-B radiation on the regulation of root development remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of UV-B radiation on root growth and metabolism in Arabidopsis using physiol., pharmacol., and transcriptome approaches. Our previous study has demonstrated that UV-B radiation depresses auxin accumulation in roots by reducing auxin biosynthesis, transport, and response. In this study, we found that UV-B radiation inhibited primary root (PR) growth by inducing root tip cell death and thereby disrupting cell division and elongation in root tips. The destructed root structure and distorted auxin flow caused by UV-B-induced root tip cell death also led to a reduced auxin accumulation in roots. Supplementation with an auxin α-naphthylacetic acid alleviated UV-B-repressed PR growth and further supported a notion that auxin is involved in UV-Brepressed PR growth. The UV-B radiation downregulated the expression of genes encoding the enzymes or regulators of the biosynthesis and degradations of the structural constituents of cell wall and genes involved in wax, cutin, and suberin biosynthesis, thereby repressing root system growth and development. The UV-B radiation also markedly repressed photosynthesis-related gene expression in roots, a non-photosynthetic organ. Taken together, this study suggests that UV-B radiation affects root growth by inducing cell death in root tips and reprogramming metabolism in roots.

Biologia Plantarum published new progress about Arabidopsis thaliana. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhou, Biting published the artcileProtective Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside on H2O2-induced Oxidative Damage in Lens Epithelial Cells, Synthetic Route of 2044-85-1, the main research area is epithelial cell oxidative damage nicotinamide riboside hydrogen peroxide; Nicotinamide riboside; apoptosis; lens epithelial cell; mitochondria; oxidative stress.

To investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on oxidative damage in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-exposed human lens epithelial cell lines and possible mechanisms underlying its protective effects: SRA01/04 cells were divided into three groups:control group, model group and treatment group. Superoxide dismutase,catalase and total glutathione levels were detected to evaluate oxidative damage induced by diff. concentrations of H2O2 in SRA01/04 cells. After SRA01/04 cells were treated with NR and/or H2O2, cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and Hoechst staining, cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species were measured with DCFH-DA probe, mitochondria were stained with MitoTracker to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, western blotting was performed to detect levels of proteins associated with apoptosis and related pathways: H2O2 induced oxidative damage in SRA01/04 cells by inhibiting activity of SOD and CAT and reducing total GSH levels. Furthermore, NR significantly inhibited the activation of the MAPK pathway but promoted activation of the JAK2/Stat3 pathway compared with the model group:NR may alleviate oxidative damage by targeting MAPK and JAK2/Stat3 pathways in H2O2-treated SRA01/04 cells.

Current Eye Research published new progress about Age-related cataract. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Synthetic Route of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kim, So Young published the artcileROS-mediated anti-tumor effect of Coptidis Rhizoma against human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells and xenografts, COA of Formula: C24H14Cl2O7, the main research area is reactive oxygen species antitumor Coptidis Rhizoma human hepatocellular carcinoma; Hep3B cell xenograft; Coptidis Rhizoma; Hep3B cells; apoptosis; autophagy; migration.

Coptidis Rhizoma is the dried rhizome from the Coptis chinensis Franch. that has been shown to have a number of beneficial pharmacol. properties including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, the anti-cancer effects of Coptidis Rhizoma on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer properties of Coptidis Rhizoma ethanol extract (CR) in HCC Hep3B cells and in a xenograft mouse model. Our results showed that the CR significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells through increased expression of Bcl-2 associated x-protein (Bax) and cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), reduced expression of Bcl-2, and activated caspases. CR also increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) and activation of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species inhibitor, markedly blocked the effects of CR on apoptotic pathways. CR also induced the expression of light chain 3 (LC3)-I/II, a key autophagy regulator, whereas CR-mediated autophagy was significantly suppressed by NAC. In addition, pre-treatment with NAC perfectly attenuated the inhibition of cell invasion and migration of CR-stimulated Hep3B cells. Furthermore, oral administration of CR suppressed Hep3B tumor growth in xenograft mice without toxicity, alterations to body weight, or changes in hematol. and biochem. profiles. Taken together, our findings suggest that CR has anti-tumor effects that result from reactive oxygen species generation, and may be a potential pharmacol. intervention for HCC.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Actins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, COA of Formula: C24H14Cl2O7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ghate, Tejashree published the artcileThiourea mediated ROS-metabolites reprogramming restores root system architecture under arsenic stress in rice, Formula: C24H14Cl2O7, the main research area is gene expression thiourea arsenic reactive oxygen species root rice; Amino acids; Auxin; Lateral roots; Metabolomics; Redox; Serotonin.

Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous carcinogenic metalloid that enters into human food chain, through rice consumption. To unravel the conundrum of oxidative vs. reductive stress, the differential root-system architecture (RSA) was studied under As (a ROS producer) and thiourea (TU; a ROS scavenger) alone treatments, which indicated 0.80- and 0.74-fold reduction in the number of lateral roots (NLR), resp. compared with those of control. In case of As+TU treatment, NLR was increased by 4.35-fold compared with those of As-stress, which coincided with partial restoration of redox-status and auxin transport towards the root-tip. The expression levels of 16 ROS related genes, including RBOHC, UPB-1 C, SHR1, PUCHI, were quantified which provided the mol. fingerprint, in accordance with endogenous ROS signature. LC-MS based untargeted and targeted metabolomics data revealed that As-induced oxidative stress was metabolically more challenging than TU alone-induced reductive stress. Cis/trans-ferruloyl putrescine and γ-glutamyl leucine were identified as novel As-responsive metabolites whose levels were decreased and increased, resp. under As+TU than As-treated roots. In addition, the overall amino acid accumulation was increased in As+TU than As-treated roots, indicating the improved nutritional availability. Thus, the study revealed dynamic interplay between ′ROS-metabolites-RSA′, to the broader context of TU-mediated amelioration of As-stress in rice.

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about Auxins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Formula: C24H14Cl2O7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Hui-Ru published the artcileManoalide shows mutual interaction between cellular and mitochondrial reactive species with apoptosis in oral cancer cells, Formula: C24H14Cl2O7, the main research area is .

We previously found that marine sponge-derived manoalide induced antiproliferation and apoptosis of oral cancer cells as well as reactive species generations probed by dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and MitoSOX Red. However, the sources of cellular and mitochondrial redox stresses and the mutual interacting effects between these redox stresses and apoptosis remain unclear. To address this issue, we examined a panel of reactive species and used the inhibitors of cellular reactive species (N-acetylcysteine (NAC)), mitochondrial reactive species (MitoTEMPO), and apoptosis (Z-VAD-FMK; ZVAD) to explore their interactions in manoalide-treated oral cancer Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cells. Hydroxyl ( ̇OH), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ̇), nitric oxide ( ̇NO), carbonate radical-anion (CO3 ̇-), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and superoxide (O2 ̇-) were increased in oral cancer cells following manoalide treatments in terms of fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Cellular reactive species ( ̇OH, NO2·, ̇NO, CO3 ̇-, and ONOO-) as well as cellular and mitochondrial reactive species (O2 ̇-) were induced in oral cancer cells following manoalide treatment for 6 h. NAC, MitoTEMPO, and ZVAD inhibit manoalide-induced apoptosis in terms of annexin V and pancaspase activity assays. Moreover, NAC inhibits mitochondrial reactive species and MitoTEMPO inhibits cellular reactive species, suggesting that cellular and mitochondrial reactive species can crosstalk to regulate each other. ZVAD shows suppressing effects on the generation of both cellular and mitochondrial reactive species. In conclusion, manoalide induces reciprocally activation between cellular and mitochondrial reactive species and apoptosis in oral cancer cells.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity published new progress in CAplus and MEDLINE about 2044-85-1, 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Formula: C24H14Cl2O7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pomothy, Judit Mercedesz published the artcileThe impact of fermented wheat germ extract on porcine epithelial cell line exposed to deoxynivalenol and T-2 mycotoxins, Synthetic Route of 2044-85-1, the main research area is .

The effect of fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) (Immunovet) was evaluated with cotreatments with deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T-2). These mycotoxins are produced by Fusarium mold species. The effects of FWGE on IPEC-J2 with DON and T- 2 have not been studied until now. The IPEC-J2 porcine, nontumorigenic cell line was selected to investigate the outcome of the individually and simultaneously added compounds, as it has in vivo-like properties. The cells were treated for 24 h with the selected solutions; then, the IPEC-J2 cells were allowed to regenerate in a culture medium for an addnl. 24 h. In our results, DON and T-2 significantly increased the adverse impacts on cell viability and integrity of the cell monolayer. To elucidate the extent of oxidative stress, extracellular H2O2 concentrations and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. FWGE appeared to be beneficial to IPEC-J2 cells given the sep. and significantly decreased ROS levels. 1% and 2% FWGE could significantly reduce mycotoxin-induced oxidative stress. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that FWGE exerted protective effects to counteract the oxidative stress-provoking properties of applied fusariotoxins in the nontumorigenic IPEC-J2 cell line.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity published new progress in CAplus and MEDLINE about 2044-85-1, 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Synthetic Route of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ding, Lianqin published the artcileAn in vivo and in vitro model on the protective effect of corilagin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via regulation of apoptosis and PI3-K/AKT signaling pathways, Synthetic Route of 2044-85-1, the main research area is corilagin doxorubicin cardiotoxicity apoptosis AKT signaling pathway oxidative stress; H9c2 cells; PI3-K/AKT; apoptosis; cardiotoxicity; corilagin; doxorubicin.

Globally, doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardio dysfunction is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in cancerous patients. An adverse event of cardiotoxicity is the main deem to restrict in the clin. application by oncologists. Corilagin (CN) is well known for its antioxidative, anti-fibrosis, and anticancer effects. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the action of CN on DOX-induced exptl. animals and H9c2 cells. The myocardium-specific marker, CK-MB, and the influx of mitochondrial calcium levels were measured by using com. kits. Biochem. indexes reflecting oxidative stress and antioxidant attributes such as malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were also analyzed in DOX-induced cardiotoxic animals. In addition, mitochondrial ROS were measured by DCFH-DA in H9c2 cells under fluorescence microscopy. DOX induction significantly increased oxidative stress levels and also modulated apoptosis/survival protein expressions in myocardial tissues. Western blots were used to measure the expressional levels of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3, PI3-K/AKT, and PPARγsignaling pathways. Histol. studies were executed to observe morphol. changes in myocardial tissues. All of these DOX-induced effects were attenuated by CN (100 mg/kg bw). These in vitro and in vivo results point towards the fact that CN might be a novel cardioprotective agent against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through modulating cardio apoptosis and oxidative stress.

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology published new progress about Animalia. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Synthetic Route of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reiniers, Megan J published the artcileOptimal Use of 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate in Cultured Hepatocytes., Product Details of C24H14Cl2O7, the main research area is 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate; 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein; Cellular uptake and efflux; Fluorogenic redox probe; Hepatocytes; Oxidative and nitrosative stress.

Oxidative stress is a state that arises when the production of reactive transients overwhelms the cell’s capacity to neutralize the oxidants and radicals. This state often coincides with the pathogenesis and perpetuation of numerous chronic diseases. On the other hand, medical interventions such as radiation therapy and photodynamic therapy generate radicals to selectively damage and kill diseased tissue. As a result, the qualification and quantification of oxidative stress are of great interest to those studying disease mechanisms as well as therapeutic interventions. 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH2-DA) is one of the most widely used fluorogenic probes for the detection of reactive transients. The nonfluorescent DCFH2-DA crosses the plasma membrane and is deacetylated by cytosolic esterases to 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH2). The nonfluorescent DCFH2 is subsequently oxidized by reactive transients to form the fluorescent 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF). The use of DCFH2-DA in hepatocyte-derived cell lines is more challenging because of membrane transport proteins that interfere with probe uptake and retention, among several other reasons. Cancer cells share some of the physiological and biochemical features with hepatocytes, so probe-related technical issues are applicable to cultured malignant cells as well. This study therefore analyzed the in vitro properties of DCFH2-DA in cultured human hepatocytes (HepG2 cells and differentiated and undifferentiated HepaRG cells) to identify methodological and technical features that could impair proper data analysis and interpretation. The main issues that were found and should therefore be accounted for in experimental design include the following: (1) both DCFH2-DA and DCF are taken up rapidly, (2) DCF is poorly retained in the cytosol and exits the cell, (3) the rate of DCFH2 oxidation is cell type-specific, (4) DCF fluorescence intensity is pH-dependent at pH < 7, and (5) the stability of DCFH2-DA in cell culture medium relies on medium composition. Based on the findings, the conditions for the use of DCFH2-DA in hepatocyte cell lines were optimized. Finally, the optimized protocol was reduced to practice and DCFH2-DA was applied to visualize and quantify oxidative stress in real time in HepG2 cells subjected to anoxia/reoxygenation as a source of reactive transients. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) published new progress about 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate; 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein; Cellular uptake and efflux; Fluorogenic redox probe; Hepatocytes; Oxidative and nitrosative stress. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2',7'-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Product Details of C24H14Cl2O7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pauli, J published the artcileUtilizing optical spectroscopy and 2′,7′-difluorofluorescein to characterize the early stages of cement hydration., Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is 2′; 7′-difluorofluorescein; cement; cement hydration; fluorescence; optical spectroscopy.

The increasingly sophisticated nature of modern, more environmentally friendly cementitious binders requires a better understanding and control particularly of the complex, dynamic processes involved in the early phase of cement hydration. In-situ monitoring of properties of a constantly changing system over a defined period of time calls for simple, sensitive, fast, and preferably also non-invasive methods like optical spectroscopy. Here, we exploit the time-dependent changes in the absorbance and fluorescence features of the negatively charged optical probe 2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (DFFL) for the study of the hydration processes in pastes of white cement (WC), cubic tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and tricalcium silicate (C3S), the main phases of cement, and in pastes of quartz (Q) over 24 h after addition of the dye solution. For comparison, also conventional techniques like isothermal heat flow calorimetry were applied. Based upon the time-dependent changes in the spectroscopic properties of DFFL, that seem to originate mainly from dye aggregation and dye-surface interactions and considerably vary between the different pastes, molecular pictures of the hydration processes in the cement pastes are derived. Our results clearly demonstrate the potential of optical spectroscopy, i.e., diffuse reflectance, steady state and time-resolved fluorometry in conjunction with suitable optical reporters, to probe specific hydration processes and to contribute to a better understanding of the early hydration processes of cement at the molecular scale.

Methods and applications in fluorescence published new progress about 2′; 7′-difluorofluorescein; cement; cement hydration; fluorescence; optical spectroscopy. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics