Category: 105-87-3

Phytotoxic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) essential oil and its possible use as bio-herbicide was written by Pouresmaeil, Mohammad;Sabzi-Nojadeh, Mohsen;Movafeghi, Ali;Aghbash, Behzad Nezhadasad;Kosari-Nasab, Morteza;Zengin, Gokhan;Maggi, Filippo. And the article was included in Process Biochemistry (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

The incessant use of synthetic herbicides may cause several ecol. problems including environmental contamination and developing herbicide-resistant species. These concerns led to exploring new eco-friendly weed control strategies. Present study is aimed to assess the phytotoxic activity of Moldavian dragonhead, Dracocephalum moldavica L., essential oil (EO) on Bromus tectorum L. All experiments were carried out as a completely randomized design with three replications. The EO of D. moldavica was analyzed using gas chromatog. coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The outcomes of GC-MS showed that geranyl acetate (32.57%), geranial (24.50%), neral (22.65%), and geraniol (8.78%) are the major bioactive compounds of EO. As a result of treatment of B. tectorum with EO, seed germination and plantlet growth parameters were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner, and were completely suppressed with an essential oil concentration of 2娓璍/mL. The content of pigments was also reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Although, antioxidant enzymes activities were enhanced in low concentrations of the EO, they were inhibited in high concentrations especially at 2娓璍/mL. H2O2 and malondialdehyde content as well as electrolyte leakage were enhanced with the increasing concentration of EO. Overall, the outcomes of present study suggest that essential oil of D. moldavica can be used industrially to develop bio-herbicides owing to its noteworthy phytotoxic activity and weed killer potential. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 绾?valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Antioxidative, anticancer, and antibacterial activities of a nanoemulsion-based gel containing Myrtus communis L. essential oil was written by Roozitalab, Ghazaal;Yousefpoor, Yaser;Abdollahi, Abbas;Safari, Mojdeh;Rasti, Fatemeh;Osanloo, Mahmoud. And the article was included in Chemical Papers in 2022.Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

Myrtus communis L. is a common medicinal plant with a wide range of biol. properties. In this study, an attempt was made to improve its essential oil’s antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial activities by preparing a nanogel dosage form. Alpha-pinene (29.7%), 1,8-cineole (25.8%), linalool (9.1%), linalool acetate (5.9%), and geranyl acetate (3.4%) were identified as five major compounds in the essential oil using GC-MS anal. Optimum nanoemulsion with a droplet size of 179 鍗?7 nm and a narrow droplet size distribution (SPAN 0.96) was gelified by the addition of CM-cellulose (3 w/v %). The rheometry anal. at shear rates of 0.1-100 1/s showed the viscosity was fully fitted with the Carreau-Yasuda model. The nanogel with IC50 132.6娓璯/mL was 4 folds more potent than the bulk essential oil (IC50: 580.8娓璯/mL) against A-375 melanoma cells. Besides, after treatment of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with 1000娓璯/mL of the nanogel and the bulk essential oil, their growths were observed at 37.5 and 59.1% as well as 21.4 and 40.6%. Besides, antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH assay; the nanogel was significantly more potent (P < 0.001) than that of bulk essential oil at all examined concentrations (62.6-1000娓璯/mL). Furthermore, polyethylene oxide-gelatin electrospun nanofibers (diameter of 359 鍗?36 nm) with no effects on the cancer cell and the bacterial growth were proposed as lesion dressing after-treatment with the nanogel. Therefore, the stained nanofiber with the nanogel could be considered a natural potent anticancer and antibacterial agent in vivo study. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

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Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

GC/MS Composition and Resistance Modulatory Inhibitory Activities of Three Extracts of Lemongrass: Citral Modulates the Activities of Five Antibiotics at Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was written by Kabotso, Daniel E. K.;Neglo, David;Kwashie, Pius;Agbo, Irene A.;Abaye, Daniel A.. And the article was included in Chemistry & Biodiversity in 2022.Product Details of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

We investigated whether three extractable fractions of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus): aqueous and ethanol extracts and lemongrass essential oil exhibited any antimicrobial resistance modulatory effects if used in combination with selected antibiotics ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, cefloxacin and amoxicillin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA growth inhibition (zones of inhibition) was greatest for the lemongrass oil at concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20% (wt/vol). The MIC for lemongrass oil was 0.5 mg/mL, while it was 4 mg/mL for both the aqueous and ethanol extracts Evaluation of extracts for antibacterial resistance modifying activities when used in combination with either of the five antibiotics at sub-inhibitory concentrations, showed that lemongrass oil highly potentiated the activities of three antibiotics; amoxicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline. The ethanol extract enhanced the activity of tetracycline and ampicillin, while the aqueous extract only increased the activity of tetracycline against MRSA. The activity of cefloxacin with the extracts was either indifferent. Anal. of the lemongrass oil by GC/MS showed the prominence of three compounds: the two isomers neral and geranial of citral and, the acetate geranyl acetate, which together made up 94% of the composition The compounds were also observed in the ethanol and water extracts but to a lesser extent when analyzed by HPLC-UV (浣?233 nm). Our study confirms the antibacterial properties of the extracts especially, lemongrass oil. It also demonstrates that lemongrass oil potentiates the activities of three antibiotics against the biofilm-forming MRSA. This biocidal, anti-biofilm disruption and antibiotic potentiating abilities are mainly attributable to citral and geranyl acetate, further evidence of lemongrass oil as a very useful source of phytochems., especially citral for the fight against antibiotic resistance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Product Details of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Product Details of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Enantio- and Diastereoselective Allylboration of Aldehydes with 灏?绾?Substituted Allylboronates was written by Yuan, Jinping;Jain, Pankaj;Antilla, Jon C.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

The catalytic asym. addition of 灏?绾?substituted allylboronates to aldehydes was described. Promoted by 5 mol % chiral H₃PO₄, the reactions were broadly applicable, scalable, and efficient, allowing for the formation of 3,4-anti/syn-homoallylic alcs. bearing adjacent tertiary or quaternary stereogenic centers in a highly enantio- and diastereoselective manner (閳?9% ee and dr >20:1). The rigid chair-like transition state involving the chiral H₃PO₄ contributed to the highly controlled reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Deeper Insight into the Volatile Profile of Rosa willmottiae with Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC-MS Analysis was written by Jiao, Ruifang;Gao, Ping;Gao, Xinfen. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Reference of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

As the distribution center of Rosa in the world, China has abundant wild germplasm resources, which can contribute to the breeding of modern roses. To explore the potential value of wild roses distributed in the Sichuan-Tibet region, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Rosa willmottiae flowers at three flowering stages (bud stage, initial flowering stage, full flowering stage). Meanwhile, we compared the VOCs of R. willmottiae with different phenotypes (double flowers and single flowers). A total of 74 volatile compounds were identified. The results show that the essential substances belong to alcs. and terpenoids. The main volatile organic compounds are 2-Ph ethanol (20.49%), benzyl alc. (10.69%), 灏?maaliene (8.66%), geranyl acetate (8.47%), and (+)-浼?long pinene (6.127%). Different flowering stages had great influence on the volatile profile, from the bud stage to full flowering stage; the content of terpenoids released decreased by 6.17%, whereas alcs. and esters increased by 8.58% and 11.56%, resp. The chem. diversity and the content of the main components with a different phenotype were not significantly different. Our result will provide a theor. basis for the development and utilization of Rosa willmottiae in Sichuan and Tibet. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Reference of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Enantio- and Diastereoselective Allylboration of Aldehydes with 尾,纬-Substituted Allylboronates was written by Yuan, Jinping;Jain, Pankaj;Antilla, Jon C.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

The catalytic asym. addition of 尾,纬-substituted allylboronates to aldehydes was described. Promoted by 5 mol % chiral H₃PO₄, the reactions were broadly applicable, scalable, and efficient, allowing for the formation of 3,4-anti/syn-homoallylic alcs. bearing adjacent tertiary or quaternary stereogenic centers in a highly enantio- and diastereoselective manner (鈮?9% ee and dr >20:1). The rigid chair-like transition state involving the chiral H₃PO₄ contributed to the highly controlled reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Deeper Insight into the Volatile Profile of Rosa willmottiae with Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC-MS Analysis was written by Jiao, Ruifang;Gao, Ping;Gao, Xinfen. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Reference of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

As the distribution center of Rosa in the world, China has abundant wild germplasm resources, which can contribute to the breeding of modern roses. To explore the potential value of wild roses distributed in the Sichuan-Tibet region, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Rosa willmottiae flowers at three flowering stages (bud stage, initial flowering stage, full flowering stage). Meanwhile, we compared the VOCs of R. willmottiae with different phenotypes (double flowers and single flowers). A total of 74 volatile compounds were identified. The results show that the essential substances belong to alcs. and terpenoids. The main volatile organic compounds are 2-Ph ethanol (20.49%), benzyl alc. (10.69%), 尾-maaliene (8.66%), geranyl acetate (8.47%), and (+)-伪-long pinene (6.127%). Different flowering stages had great influence on the volatile profile, from the bud stage to full flowering stage; the content of terpenoids released decreased by 6.17%, whereas alcs. and esters increased by 8.58% and 11.56%, resp. The chem. diversity and the content of the main components with a different phenotype were not significantly different. Our result will provide a theor. basis for the development and utilization of Rosa willmottiae in Sichuan and Tibet. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Reference of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Biological activity and profiling of Salvia sclarea essential oil obtained by steam and hydrodistillation extraction methods via chemometrics tools was written by Acimovic, Milica G.;Cvetkovic, Mirjana T.;Stankovic Jeremic, Jovana M.;Pezo, Lato L.;Varga, Ana O.;Cabarkapa, Ivana S.;Kiprovski, Biljana. And the article was included in Flavour and Fragrance Journal in 2022.SDS of cas: 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

Salvia sclarea L. or clary sage is cultivated worldwide in temperate and sub-tropical climates, as an ornamental and essential oil (EO) bearing plant. EO is obtained from fresh spikes in full flowering stage and is recognized as an important com. product for food, beverage and cosmetic industries. This study investigated the EO composition of S. sclarea grown in Serbia (Southeast Europe) obtained by two different methods, steam (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD). GC-MS anal. identified oxygenated monoterpenes as the main class of compounds for all EOs (between 81.8% and 88.2% depending on the distillation process). The most abundant oxygenated monoterpenes were linalyl acetate and linalool. In addition, in vitro antimicrobial (modified resazurin microtitre-plate assay) and antioxidant activities (DPPH· assay) and total polyphenol content of obtained EOs were also evaluated. According to the assay used for the evaluation of the antibacterial activity, Gram-neg. bacteria were more sensitive to S. sclarea EO in comparison to Gram-pos. bacteria. EOs exhibited low antioxidant capacity, below 3% neutralized DPPH· radicals, reaching up to approx. 400 μg AAE mL-1. This study also investigated a possibility for predicting retention indexes (RIs) of compounds isolated from EOs. In total, 78 exptl. obtained RIs were applied to construct the prediction model. The quant. structure-chromatog. retention relationship (QSRR) model was used to anticipate the exptl. obtained RIs. Five mol. descriptors were selected by factor anal. and genetic algorithm to predict RIs. The obtained accuracy of the QSRR model reached r2 = .912, which showed that these models might be applied for predicting retention indexes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3SDS of cas: 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.SDS of cas: 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of chemical components from essential oils and aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants and their nematicidal effects on Meloidogyne incognita was written by Ardakani, A. S.;Hosseininejad, S. A.. And the article was included in Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

Essential oils from aerial parts of Achillea wilhelmsii, Tanacetum polycephalum and Teucrium polium were isolated by using Clevenger-type apparatus and tested at different concentrations for their nematicidal activity against the second stage juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro condition. The chem. components of the essential oils and seed extracts of each plant (0.2 g) were extracted with maceration with methanol/acetic acid mixture (85:15, volume/volume). Anal. was done by Gas Chromatog., GC-Mass Spectrometry) and HPLC. Identified chem. components were tested after this on J2 of M. incognitain. NMR spectroscopy was done to investigate the properties of organic mols. by drawing their spectrum using Broker AVANCE AQS-300 MHz. Significant difference was achieved on nematicidal activity of essential oils based on the plant species and oil concentrations GC and GC-MS led to identification of 41, 39 and 45 major compounds from T. polium, T. polycephalum and A. wilhelmsii oils, resp. A number of 10 components with different ranges of percentage were recorded in all of the tested plants oils. Use of HPLC resulted in identification of 4, 3 and 2 chem. compounds in the extracts of A. wilhelmsii, T. polycephalum and T. polium, resp. The nematicidal activity of com. polyphenols at the concentration of 1100 ppm showed 58.3, 48.9, 28.2 and 26.8 percentages J2 mortalities by catechin, coumarin, gallic acid and chlorogenic, resp. Nematotoxicity test of com. terpenoids showed the highest J2 mortalities (more than 80%), in concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm limonene, β-pinene and α-pinene. However, it was less than 30% of J2 mortality caused by terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol and linalool. Compounds such as Limonene, β-pinene and α-pinene were detected in all of the tested plants, A. wilhelmsii, T. polycephalum and T. polium, having an effective nematicidal action vs. terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol and linalool. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3HPLC of Formula: 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Two-Phase Electrocoagulation of Perfumes and the Analytical Approach for Investigation of the Odor-Active Compound Changes was written by Thaveesangsakulthai, Isaya;Nhujak, Thumnoon;Kulsing, Chadin. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

In this study, a 2-phase electrocoagulation (EC) system has been applied to treat odor active compounds in perfume extracts The system employed an electrochem. cell using two aluminum electrodes and 2-phase electrolyte containing hexane, NaCl(aq) and the perfume compounds This approach allowed electrochem. reaction of the compounds with the subsequent changes of their profiles in the extracts The volatile compounds in the samples before and after 2-phase EC sampled at different parts of the system were tentatively identified by using solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and gas chromatog. hyphenated with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed different types and amounts of the odor active compounds in the samples after the 2-phase EC treatment with the enhanced fruity, floral, sweet, green, minty, herbal and citrus smells. The electrochem. oxidation/reduction and esterification/hydrolysis were proposed as the possible reactions. The developed 2-phase EC technique has a potential for application in the area of cost-effective adjustment of essential oil and perfume quality. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics