Category: 102-09-0

Effect of metal doping on multi-step electron transfer and oxygen species of silicon-based nanocomposite aerogel supported Pd catalysts in oxidative carbonylation of phenol was written by Peng, Meng;Hong, Chao;Cai, Ning;Hu, Yue;Yuan, Hua. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2020.Formula: C13H10O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A series of new metal/silicon-based nanocomposite aerogel supported Pd catalysts were prepared using ambient pressure drying method with low energy consumption, which was applied in the synthesis of di-Ph carbonate (DPC) by oxidative carbonylation. New PS-MnCe nanocomposite areogel catalyst with better activity and stability than traditional metal oxide, which the single pass yield of DPC reached 34.2% with selectivity above 99.2% and TOF (turnover frequency) 100.6 molDPC/molPd h^-1. The regeneration of the catalyst maintained the yield 16.6% in the third run with selectivity 97.9%. The prepared nanocomposite areogel catalysts were characterized by power X-ray diffraction pattern, FTIR spectrum, XPS, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Transmission electron microscopy, in order to make clear the effects of metal doping on multi-step electron transfer, oxygen species and active Pd²⁺ in the oxidative carbonylation of phenol by as-prepared nanocomposite aerogel supported Pd catalysts. The results showed that this kind of catalyst had a typical structure of aerogel stereoscopic three-dimensional network with high sp. surface area and high metal dispersion, which effectively increased the number of active site (Pd²⁺). Different kinds of metal complexes can adjust the ratio of oxygen species, raise the efficiency of multi-step electron transfer and improve the performance of oxidation properties at low temperatures of the catalyst. The strong SMSI effect between the active center Pd and the support can effectively promote the recycling of Pd²⁺ so as to improve the activity and stability of the catalyst which may suite for industrial experiments in fixed-bed reactor in future. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Formula: C13H10O3).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C13H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A non-phosgene process for bioderived polycarbonate with high molecular weight and advanced property profile synthesized using amino acid ionic liquids as catalysts was written by Zhang, Zhencai;Xu, Fei;Zhang, Yaqin;Li, Chenhao;He, Hongyan;Yang, Zifeng;Li, Zengxi. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2020.Application In Synthesis of Diphenyl carbonate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The conversion of biomass and carbon dioxide to plastics is one of the key solutions to reduce the greenhouse effect and alleviate the petroleum resource depletion. However, there is still a lack of bioderived polymers with high mol. weights and excellent performance and their corresponding green synthesis processes, which limits the potential of bioderived polymers to replace petroleum-based polymers. In this study, an eco-friendly synthetic process for bioderived polycarbonate, catalyzed by amino acid ionic liquids, was developed by utilizing isosorbide (ISO) and di-Ph carbonate (DPC) as reactants, derived from a renewable resource and carbon dioxide, resp. By using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole lysine ([Emim][Lys]) as a catalyst, poly(isosorbide carbonate) (PIC) with the weight average mol. weight of 150 000, the highest reported so far to the best of our knowledge, was synthesized, and the T_g of PIC was up to 174掳C. The reaction mechanism was investigated using NMR spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS), and d. functional theory (DFT) calculation The remarkable catalytic performance was attributed to the fact that [Emim][Lys] could effectively activate the hydroxyl group of ISO and carbonyl group of DPC, and inhibit the formation of cyclic intermediates. Moreover, to overcome the brittleness of PIC, 1,4-butanediol (BD) and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) were introduced into PIC, and the copolycarbonate showed excellent Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at break, which were 979 MPa, 57 MPa, and 145%, resp., and were comparable to the com. petroleum-based polycarbonates. Such a process provides further industrial prospects for the next generation of bioderived polycarbonate. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Application In Synthesis of Diphenyl carbonate).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application In Synthesis of Diphenyl carbonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Topical delivery of clobetasol propionate loaded nanosponge hydrogel for effective treatment of psoriasis: Formulation, physicochemical characterization, antipsoriatic potential and biochemical estimation was written by Kumar, Sunil;Prasad, Minakshi;Rao, Rekha. And the article was included in Materials Science & Engineering in 2021.Quality Control of Diphenyl carbonate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Clobetasol propionate (CP), a superpotent topical corticosteroid, holds great promise for psoriasis treatment. However, common side effects like skin atrophy, steroidal acne, hypopigmentation and allergic contact dermatitis associated with it, hamper its utility for topical application. Taking this into consideration, the current work was aimed to fabricate CP loaded cyclodextrin nanosponge (CDNS) based hydrogel, to alleviate the aforementioned side effects, while controlling drug release. Nanosponges were crafted employing 尾-cyclodextrin (polymer) and di-Ph carbonate (cross linker) and evaluated appropriately. The selected formulation augmented 45 folds water solubility, with respect to pure CP. The formulation possessed entrapment efficiency (56.33 卤 0.94%), particle size (194.27 卤 49.24 nm) with polydispersitive index (0.498 卤 0.095), surface charge (-21.83 卤 0.95 mV) and drug release (86.25 卤 0.28%). Selected CP-CDNS were found crystalline and uniform in size. Further, in vitro cell viability anal. has been performed using THP1 cells to evaluate cytocompatibility of CP nanosponges. The chosen CP nanosponges were then embedded into Carbopol hydrogel, and characterized for rheol. behavior, spreadability, and texture profile. The developed nanoformulations were also assessed in vivo using mouse tail model. Histol. and biochem. assessments have been conducted to explore their antipsoriatic activity via oxidative stress biomarkers. The degree of orthokeratosis was observed remarkably (p < 0.001) amplified by CP-CDNS14 hydrogel as compared to untreated group (control) and CP hydrogel. In addition, drug activity and change in epidermal thickness were found significant. Our findings altogether advocated the profound potential of prepared CP nanogel in the topical treatment of psoriasis, with improved patient compliance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Quality Control of Diphenyl carbonate).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Quality Control of Diphenyl carbonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation of temperature-controlled heteropolyacid ionic liquids and their application for synthesis of diphenyl carbonate was written by Jiang, Zezhong;Wang, Haiyue;Shan, Lining;Zheng, Rongrong;Zhao, Xiudan;Liao, Zhangbin;Guo, Liying. And the article was included in Catalysis Letters.Name: Diphenyl carbonate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

First, an intermediate ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl and Keggin-type heteropolyacids with different metal vacancies were prepared, and then prepared six heteropolyacid ionic liquids by the ion exchange method, and these liquids were tested and analyzed for chem. structures, crystal structures, thermal stability, and apparent morphol. After that, the six heteropolyacid ionic liquids were used to catalyze the transesterification reaction between phenol and di-Me carbonate (DMC) to synthesize di-Ph carbonate (DPC), to explore the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dosage on the catalytic performance, and reveal the catalytic mechanism. The results showed that the six heteropolyacid ionic liquids prepared were the target products with good thermal stability. Compared with traditional catalysts Cp₂TiCl₂ and C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti, they had better catalytic performance in the catalytic process. Among them, Bmim₄[Ti(H₂O)TiMo₁₁O₃₉] manifested the best catalytic performance. Under the conditions that the molar ratio of raw materials DMC to phenol was 2:1, reaction temperature 180 掳C, catalyst consumption 1.5% of the total mass of the raw materials, and reaction time 8 h, the conversion rate of phenol reached 46.17%, and the overall selectivity of products monophenyl carbonate (MPC) and DPC was 98.89%. As a phase transfer catalyst characterized by a “homogeneous phase at high temperature and separation at low temperature,” the catalyst can be self-assembled in the catalytic process with the temperature change. Therefore, they can be recycled and reused through simple washing and filtering at the end of the reaction. After five times of recycling, the catalytic performance of the catalyst reduces significantly, in which case the fresh catalyst should be added to maintain a good catalytic performance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Name: Diphenyl carbonate).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: Diphenyl carbonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Solvent-driven, self-assembled acid-responsive poly(ketalized serine)/siRNA complexes for RNA interference was written by Wong, Shirley;Kemp, Jessica A.;Shim, Min Suk;Kwon, Young Jik. And the article was included in Biomaterials Science in 2020.Quality Control of Diphenyl carbonate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Advances in bionanotechnol. aim to develop smart nucleic acid delivery carriers with stimuli-responsive features to overcome challenges such as non-biodegradability, rapid clearance, immune response, and reaching intracellular targets. Peptide-based nanomaterials have become widely used in the field of gene and drug delivery due to their structural versatility and biomimetic properties. Particularly, polypeptide gene vectors that respond to biol. stimuli, such as acidic intracellular environments, have promising applications in mediating efficient endosomal escape and drug release. Unfortunately, synthesis strategies for efficient polymerization of acid-labile peptides have been limited due to conditions that fail to preserve acid-degradable functional groups. Stable urethane derivatives of the acid-labile amino acid ketalized serine (kSer) were synthesized and polymerized to a high mol. weight under permissive conditions independent of elevated temperature, restrictive solvents, or an inert atm. A new formulation strategy utilizing solvent-driven self-assembly of poly(kSer) peptides with small interfering RNA (siRNA) was developed, and the resulting poly(kSer)/siRNA complexes were further cross-linked for reinforced stability under physiol. conditions. The complexes were highly monodisperse and precisely spherical in morphol., which has significant clin. implications in definitive biodistribution, cellular internalization, and intracellular trafficking patterns. Self-assembled, cross-linked poly(kSer)/siRNA complexes demonstrated efficient nucleic acid encapsulation, internalization, endosomal escape, and acid-triggered cargo release, tackling multiple hurdles in siRNA delivery. The acid-responsive polypeptides and solvent-driven self-assembly strategies demonstrated in this study could be applicable to developing other efficient and safe delivery systems for gene and drug delivery. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Quality Control of Diphenyl carbonate).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of Diphenyl carbonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mixed Avanafil and Dapoxetin Hydrochloride cyclodextrin nano-sponges: Preparation, in-vitro characterization, and bioavailability determination was written by Gardouh, Ahmed R.;Elhusseiny, Sameh;Gad, Shadeed. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2022.Formula: C13H10O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Avanafil (AVA) and Dapoxetine hydrochloride are BCS Class II drugs, which means that the bioavailability depends on its solubility extent. Nano-sponges are hyper-crosslinked cyclodextrin nano-polymers that have been developed recently to make solid particles with nonporous structure; they’re prepared by reacting different types of cyclodextrins with an appropriate crosslinking agent like di-Ph carbonate. Nano-sponges can improve the solubility of poorly soluble active mols. and increase stability by protecting labile groups. Hence, the purpose of this work was to study the effects of different types of cyclodextrins and crosslinker ratios on the solubility and oral bioavailability of Avanafil (AVA) and Dapoxetine hydrochloride (DA) by loading them to Nano-sponges prepared by crosslinking of 尾-CD, SBE-尾-CD with di-Ph carbonate (DPC) as a crosslinker at various molar ratios. AVA and DA-loaded nano-sponges were fabricated using the freeze-drying method and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, loading capacities, and in-vitro drug release. SEM, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy were used to characterize the NS and AVA/DA incorporation within the NS. In-vitro drug release was significantly higher with AVA and DA-loaded nano-sponges. Furthermore, the results revealed that AVA and DA-loaded nano-sponges fabricated with 尾-CD had a higher release in dissolution with both drugs than those fabricated using SBE-尾-CD. AVA and DA-loaded nano-sponges increased the oral bioavailability of both drugs by 2.5 and 7.5 folds, resp., when compared to Spedra and Priligy. While there is no significant difference in Tmax between F10 and Spedra, E12 has a faster onset than Priligy. A one-way ANOVA revealed a substantial increase in Cmax and T1/2 for AVA and DA. Therefore, AVA and DA-loaded nano-sponges are considered a better alternate to the regular dosage forms for efficient AVA and DA oral delivery. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Formula: C13H10O3).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Formula: C13H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formulation and evaluation of 尾 -cyclodextrin microbeads as a carrier for DPI was written by Keshri, Priyanka;Khare, Ekta;Gupta, Abhay;Bhargava, Gaurav. And the article was included in International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research in 2021.Computed Properties of C13H10O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Conventional forms of DPI鈥瞫 are prepared by micronization methods which are often blends of fine drug particles and lactose as a carrier where drug particles are expected to adhere to the carrier surface. This leads to only 30% of drug deposition in the lung region from the conventional form of DPI. The micronization process mainly affects the mean median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and fine particle fraction (FPF) of the DPI resulting in less lung deposition. This leads to an increased frequency of administration. To optimize the delivered dose, conventional formulations can be substituted by engineered powders containing the active ingredient (API) alone or in combination with excipients displaying various properties such as liposomes, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), or leucine. Several strategies have already been developed including promising nanoparticles, while some safety concerns still need to be addressed. Increased lung persistence is of particular interest in various pulmonary pathologies. Among them, asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Innate and adaptive immunity effectors induce mucus overproduction, bronchial hyper-reactivity, and airway wall re-modeling leading to variable levels of airflow obstruction. Inhaled corticosteroids such as budesonide are used as first-line therapy agents to reach control airway inflammation and therefore to improve patient pulmonary functions. Several major parameters influence the activity of corticosteroids including the lung residence time which is highly influenced by the release rate locally obtained. Indeed, a decrease in absorption out of the lungs will extend the contact time between corticosteroids and their receptors, thus enhancing their anti-inflammatory effect. By considering all these limitations, there is a need for carrier-free budesonide loaded microbeads DPI formulation with sustained drug release which could be useful to enhance the deposition of drugs in the lungs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Computed Properties of C13H10O3).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Computed Properties of C13H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The role of diphenyl carbonate additive on the interfacial reactivity of positive electrodes in Li-ion batteries was written by Karayaylali, Pinar;Zhang, Yirui;Giordano, Livia;Katayama, Yu;Tatara, Ryoichi;Yu, Yang;Maglia, Filippo;Jung, Roland;Shao-Horn, Yang. And the article was included in Journal of the Electrochemical Society in 2020.Application of 102-09-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Understanding and controlling the (electro) chem. reactions between pos. electrodes and electrolytes is essential to enhance the cycle life and safety of Li-ion batteries. Previous computational and exptl. studies have shown that greater capacity loss of LiNi_xMn_yCo_1-x-yO₂ (NMC) with increased Ni content can be attributed to the enhanced chem. oxidation of carbonate solvents by dehydrogenation and increased salt decomposition In this study, we examine the role of a di-Ph carbonate (DPC) additive on the interfacial reactivity of LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂, LiNi_0.6Mn_0.2Co_0.2O₂, LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ (NMC111, NMC622 and NMC811). Diffuse reflectance IR Fourier Transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy on NMCs showed that adding DPC in the electrolyte suppressed signals associated with dehydrogenation of ethylene carbonate (EC) from LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Ni_1/3O₂ to LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Ni_0.1O₂ (NMC111 to NMC811). In addition, having DPC in the electrolyte was accompanied with less PF₆^– salt anion decomposition to form less-fluorine coordinated species such as lithium nickel oxyfluorides or PF₃O-like species as revealed by combined IR spectroscopy and XPS for Ni-rich NMCs. Such observations are in agreement with previous work showing that DPC can increase the cycling performance of NMC811. The reduced reactivity between NMC such as NMC811 and electrolyte with DPC can be attributed to the formation of surface reaction products from the electrochem. oxidation of DPC occurring at lower voltages compared to the chem. oxidative dehydrogenation of carbonates. This hypothesis is supported by in situ IR spectroscopy measurements, which revealed electrochem. oxidation of di-Ph carbonate upon charging at 3.9 VLi, accompanied by the detection of a feature around 1824 cm^-1 attributed to organic oxidation products adsorbed on the oxide surface, and a stable electrode/electrolyte interface on NMC811 at higher voltages. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Application of 102-09-0).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 102-09-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Experimental and computational insight of the supramolecular complexes of Irbesartan with 尾-cyclodextrin based nanosponges was written by Suvarna, Vasanti;Singh, Vikas;Sharma, Dhvani;Murahari, Manikanta. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2021.Product Details of 102-09-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Irbesartan (IRB), one of the extensively prescribed drugs, for treatment of hypertension has limited therapeutic potential attributed to its poor water solubility, slow dissolution rate and poor bioavailability. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (NSs) are novel nanosized delivery systems comprised of hyper-crosslinked solid nanoparticles with nanosized cavities. Nanosponges are widely explored to increase water solubility of active drug moieties, to protect labile actives, to achieve prolonged or sustained release and site-specific targeting. The aim of the study was to investigate enhancement of solubility of Irbesartan by its complexation with 尾-cyclodextrin (尾-CD) based nanosponges (NS). Blank NSs were fabricated by reacting 尾-CD, with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and di-Ph carbonate (DPC) as crosslinkers, in various molar ratios of 1:2, 1:4, 1:6 and 1:8. Solubility studies were performed to select drug nanosponge stoichiometric complex with highest degree of saturation solubilization. Irbesartan loaded nanosponges namely PMDA-CDNS and DPC-CDNS were prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, powd. X-ray diffraction, SEM and NMR studies, to confirm the complexation of Irbesartan with nanosponges. PXRD studies revealed the shift from crystalline nature of Irbesartan to amorphous form in nanoponges. The average particle sizes of IRB-PMDA-CDNS and IRB-DPC-CDNS were 471.5 nm and 382.7 nm resp. Zeta Potential values were 34.9 mV and -29mV for IRB-PMDA-CDNS and IRB- DPC-CDNS resp. Entrapment efficiency varied from 9 to 38% weight/weight and 17 to 33%weight/weight for IRB-PMDA-CDNS and IRB-DPC-CDNS resp. Complexation of IRB with 尾-cyclodextrin based nanosponges, as IRB-PMDA-CDNS and IRB-DPC-CDNS, resulted in significant enhancement of 81.86 and 23.35 folds, in its water solubility and 1.91- and 1.96-folds enhancement in its percent dissolution efficiency (% D.E.) resp. Mol. docking calculations of IRB with DPC-CDNS and PMDA-CDNS have exhibited binding affinities of -8.97 and -9.51 kcal/mol resp. Mol. dynamics simulations have revealed that IRB with PMDA-CDNS is more stable and efficient nanocarrier. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Product Details of 102-09-0).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Product Details of 102-09-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design and synthesis of gradient-refractive index isosorbide-based polycarbonates for optical uses was written by Chu, Junyu;Wang, Heng;Zhang, Yiwen;Li, Zhengkai;Zhang, Zhencai;He, Hongyan;Zhang, Qinqin;Xu, Fei. And the article was included in Reactive & Functional Polymers in 2022.Application of 102-09-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The synthesis of bio-based polymers using renewable bio-monomers have received extensive research attention to meet the concept of environmental sustainability. Isosorbide (ISB) derived from biomass is commonly used in the polycarbonate industry as an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA) because it is green, non-toxic, and more widely available. Compared to BPA-based polycarbonate, isosorbide-based polycarbonate has excellent properties such as high transparency, easy coloration, and outstanding rigidity. However, the naturally low refractive index of isosorbide triggers the latter to fall outside the threshold of optical applications. In order to further improve the refractive index of isosorbide-based polycarbonate without affecting its transparency and rigidity, a copolymerization scheme of bisphenol monomers (BPs) with isosorbide is proposed in this work. A series of isosorbide-bisphenol copolycarbonates were synthesized by a melt polycondensation process using ionic liquid 1,4-(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)butyl dibromide ([C₄(DABCO)₂][Br]₂) as the catalyst. As expected, the monomer structure had significant effect on the optical property and mol. weight of the copolycarbonates, the monomer bis(p-hydroxyphenyl) ether (BPO) had better reactivity among the screened seven monomers resulting in relatively higher mol. weight Moreover, poly(BPO-co-ISB carbonate) (POIC) using BPO as the monomer exhibited a high Abbe number (v_d = 39.7), low yellowness index (YI = 0.93), and a higher refractive index (n_d = 1.536), which was much higher than poly(isosorbide carbonate) (1.496). Therefore, a series of POICs were further prepared to investigate the effect of BPO content on the optical, thermal, mech., and hydrophobic properties of the materials. The results showed that the copolymers POICs had higher refractive indexes (1.511-1.573), better thermal stability, flexibility, hydrophobicity and processing-friendly glass transition temperature (T_g) and pencil hardness, and thus are expected to be sustainable materials for optical lenses. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Application of 102-09-0).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 102-09-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics