Author: Jessica.F

Heats of Combustion of Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Esters was written by Levine, Felicia;Kayea, Ronald V. III;Wexler, Robert;Sadvary, D. J.;Melick, Cory;La Scala, John. And the article was included in Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society in 2014.Synthetic Route of C12H22O4 This article mentions the following:

The military uses JP-8, a kerosene type hydrocarbon, to fuel most of its vehicles and is seeking a renewable alternative fuel that meets strict JP-8 specifications. Biodiesel is typically a mixture of different alkyl esters produced from the transesterification of triglycerides readily available in plant oils and used cooking oil. To date, no traditional biodiesel meets the requirements for heat of combustion, f.p., viscosity and oxidative stability to be a stand-alone replacement for JP-8. This work is a fundamental survey of the heat of combustion of single fatty acid esters and a predictive model for estimating the heat of combustion given a known mol. structure. The gross heat of combustion of various C6-C18 fatty acids and the Me, Pr and iso-Pr esters of these fatty acids was measured. This study sought to relate the effect of chain length, degree of unsaturation and branching to the critical fuel property of the gross heat of combustion (H_c). It was found that H_c (kJ/g) increased with chain length. A nearly linear relationship was found between wt% carbon and hydrogen, and H_c. Group contribution models previously published for hydrocarbons and polymers were modified to more accurately predict the heat of combustion of the fatty acids and esters. Modification of the molar heat values of carboxylic acid, Me, and methylene groups improved correlation of the model with the exptl. results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Synthetic Route of C12H22O4).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Synthetic Route of C12H22O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Three-Dimensional Dynamic Supramolecular “Sticky Fingers” Organic Framework was written by Fernandez-Bartolome, Estefania;Santos, Jose;Gamonal, Arturo;Khodabakhshi, Saeed;McCormick, Laura J.;Teat, Simon J.;Sanudo, E. Carolina;Costa, Jose Sanchez;Martin, Nazario. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019.Reference of 1190-39-2 This article mentions the following:

Engineering high-recognition host-guest materials is a burgeoning area in basic and applied research. The challenge of exploring novel porous materials with advanced functionalities prompted us to develop dynamic crystalline structures promoted by soft interactions. The first example of a pure mol. dynamic crystalline framework is demonstrated, which is held together by means of weak “sticky fingers” van der Waals interactions. The presented organic-fullerene-based material exhibits a non-porous dynamic crystalline structure capable of undergoing single-crystal-to-single-crystal reactions. Exposure to hydrazine vapors induces structural and chem. changes that manifest as toposelective hydrogenation of alternating rings on the surface of the [60]fullerene. Control experiments confirm that the same reaction does not occur when performed in solution Easy-to-detect changes in the macroscopic properties of the sample suggest utility as mol. sensors or energy-storage materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Reference of 1190-39-2).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Reference of 1190-39-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Regioselective Synthesis of N²-Aryl 1,2,3-Triazoles via Electro-oxidative Coupling of Enamines and Aryldiazonium Salts was written by Baidya, Mrinmay;Mallick, Samrat;De Sarkar, Suman. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Name: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

An efficient synthetic route for the construction of N²-aryl 1,2,3-triazoles I (R = Me, cyclopropyl, 4-chlorophenyl, thiophen-2-yl, etc.; R¹ = COOMe, COOEt, C(O)Me; Ar = Ph, 3-chlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, etc.) is reported via sequential C-N bond formation and electro-oxidative N-N coupling under metal-free conditions. Readily accessible 2-aminoacrylates NH₂RC=CHCOOR¹ and aryldiazonium salts ArN₂⁺BF₄^– were used as starting materials, and the developed protocol displays excellent functional group tolerance, allowing an extensive range of substrate scope up to 91% isolated yield. Various mechanistic studies, along with the isolation of an intermediate adduct, refer to successive ionic and radical reaction sequences. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Name: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Name: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A general synthesis of oligopeptides containing an oxirane ring in the place of a peptidic bond was written by Mann, Andre;Quaranta, Laura;Reginato, Gianna;Taddei, Maurizio. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1996.Synthetic Route of C16H24N2O4 This article mentions the following:

Mols. structurally analogous to dipeptides, containing an oxirane ring in the place of the peptide bond, can be prepared by oxidative conversion of β-hydroxy selenides obtained by Mukaiyama aldol-type reaction of N-protected β-amino α-selenyl aldehydes derived from naturally occurring amino acids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Synthetic Route of C16H24N2O4).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Synthetic Route of C16H24N2O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analysis of the characteristics of foxtail millet during storage under different light environments was written by Liang, Kehong;Liu, Yuhang;Liang, Shan. And the article was included in Journal of Cereal Science in 2021.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

In this work, the impacts of white, red and blue light-emitting diodes on the quality of millet during long-term storage were investigated. It was found that millet stored under blue light for 90 days showed a significantly slower reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and fatty acid value, and a higher iodine value, than that stored under white- or red-light conditions. Furthermore, blue light was also shown to lower lipoxygenase (LOX) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity during storage. Scanning electron microscope observation revealed that narrow cracks became wider as storage time increased, while a rougher texture and more cracks were seen after 90 days in the millet irradiated with red light than in those either irradiated with blue light or stored in dark conditions. The components related to oxidation, such as 5-hexyldihydro-2(3h)-furanone, 3-octen-2-one, trans-β-ionone, and hexanal contents, were found to be lower under blue light than under either red or white light. Moreover, principal component anal. indicated that the volatile components present in the of millet during storage under different light conditions were mainly aldehydes, ketones, esters, alcs. and hydrocarbons. In order to limit the adverse effects of these volatile components during long-term storage, based on the results of this study, we recommend that blue light could be applied as a clean and cheap technol. to extend the shelf life of millet. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Synthetic Route of C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Unconventional Knoevenagel-type indoles: Synthesis and cell-based studies for the identification of pro-apoptotic agents was written by Spallarossa, Andrea;Caneva, Chiara;Caviglia, Matteo;Alfei, Silvana;Butini, Stefania;Campiani, Giuseppe;Gemma, Sandra;Brindisi, Margherita;Zisterer, Daniela M.;Bright, Sandra A.;Williams, Clive D.;Crespan, Emmanuele;Maga, Giovanni;Sanna, Giuseppina;Delogu, Ilenia;Collu, Gabriella;Loddo, Roberta. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.HPLC of Formula: 62020-09-1 This article mentions the following:

A new series of indole-based analogs were recently identified as potential anticancer agents. The Knoevenagel-type indoles herein presented were prepared via a one-pot condensation of iminium salts with active methylene reagents and were isolated as single geometric isomers. Biol. evaluation in different cell-based assays revealed an antiproliferative activity for some analogs already in the nanomolar range against leukemia, breast and renal cancer cell lines. To explain these effects, the most promising analogs of the series were engaged in further cell-based studies. Compounds I [R¹ = R³ = H, R² = Ph, X = CN, Y = thien-2-yl-(E), SO₂Ph-(E); R¹ = R³ = H, R² = Ph, X = C(:O)Me, Y = SO₂Ph-(E); R¹ = R³ = H, R² = C₆H₄OMe-4, X = CN, Y = CN, SO₂Ph-(E)] highlighted a pro-apoptotic potential being able to induce apoptosis in HL60, K562 and MCF-7 cell lines in a dose and time-dependent manner. The ability of these compounds to arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase inspired the immunofluorescence studies which allowed us to identify tubulin as a potential target for compounds (E)-I [R¹ = R³ = H, R² = Ph, X = CN, Y = SO₂Ph; R¹ = R³ = H, R² = C₆H₄OMe-4, X = CN, Y = SO₂Ph]. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-(methylsulfonyl)acetate (cas: 62020-09-1HPLC of Formula: 62020-09-1).

Methyl 2-(methylsulfonyl)acetate (cas: 62020-09-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 62020-09-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Valorization of Ferulic Acid from Agro-Industrial by-Products for Application in Agriculture was written by Villanueva, Maria Pilar;Gioia, Claudio;Sisti, Laura;Marti, Laura;Llorens-Chiralt, Raquel;Verstichel, Steven;Celli, Annamaria. And the article was included in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2022.Synthetic Route of C73H108O12 This article mentions the following:

The use of bioplastic mulch in agriculture has increased dramatically in the last years throughout the world. Nowadays, biodegradable materials for mulching films strive to constitute a reliable and more sustainable alternative to classical materials such as polyethylene (PE). The main challenge is to improve their durability in the soil to meet the required service length for crop farming by using benign and sustainable antioxidant systems. Here, we report the design and fabrication of biodegradable materials based on polybutylene (succinate adipate) (PBSA) for mulching applications, incorporating a fully biobased polymeric antioxidant deriving from ferulic acid, which can be extracted from an industrial byproduct. Poly-dihydro (ethylene ferulate) (PHEF) from ferulic acid was synthesized by a two-step polymerization process. It is characterized by improved thermal stability in comparison with ferulic acid monomer and therefore suitable for common industrial processing conditions. Different blends of PBSA and PHEF obtained by melt mixing or by reactive extrusion were prepared and analyzed to understand the effect of the presence of PHEF. The results demonstrate that PHEF, when processed by reactive extrusion, presents a remarkable antioxidant effect, even in comparison with com. additives, preserving a high level of the mech. properties of the PBSA matrix without affecting the biodegradable character of the blend. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Synthetic Route of C73H108O12).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Synthetic Route of C73H108O12

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Establishment of Guidelines for the Control of Glycosylation Reactions and Intermediates by Quantitative Assessment of Reactivity was written by Chang, Chun-Wei;Wu, Chia-Hui;Lin, Mei-Huei;Liao, Pin-Hsuan;Chang, Chun-Chi;Chuang, Hsiao-Han;Lin, Su-Ching;Lam, Sarah;Verma, Ved Prakash;Hsu, Chao-Ping;Wang, Cheng-Chung. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019.Product Details of 4163-60-4 This article mentions the following:

Stereocontrolled chem. glycosylation remains a major challenge despite vast efforts reported over many decades and so far still mainly relies on trial and error. Now it is shown that the relative reactivity value (RRV) of thioglycosides is an indicator for revealing stereoselectivities according to four types of acceptors. Mechanistic studies show that the reaction is dominated by two distinct intermediates: glycosyl triflates and glycosyl halides from N-halosuccinimide (NXS)/TfOH. The formation of glycosyl halide is highly correlated with the production of α-glycoside. These findings enable glycosylation reactions to be foreseen by using RRVs as an α/β-selectivity indicator and guidelines and rules to be developed for stereocontrolled glycosylation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Product Details of 4163-60-4).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Product Details of 4163-60-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Isophthalamide bearing 1-pyrenylethynyl group as a highly fluorescent hydrogen bond motif for anion receptors was written by Kondo, Shin-ichi;Iioka, Jun. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2021.Application of 313648-56-5 This article mentions the following:

Isophthalamide-based receptor 2 bearing 1-pyrenylethynyl group I as a fluorophore was prepared for a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for anions. Receptor I showed small hypsochromic shift by UV-vis titrations and ratiometric fluorescence changes upon the addition of anions, in particular biol. important anions such as AcO^–, H₂PO^–₄, and Cl^– with high association constants The high quantum yield of receptor 2 (Φ_F = 0.88) implies that 5-(1-pyrenyl)isophthaloyl amide spacer is a versatile component for various fluorescence receptors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5Application of 313648-56-5).

Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application of 313648-56-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oral acute toxicity, influence on the gastrointestinal microbiota and in vivo anti-salmonellosis effect of Zizyphus lotus (L.) and Ruta chalepensis (L.) essential oils was written by Bekkar, Nour El Houda;Meddah, Boumediene;Keskin, Bahadir;Sonnet, Pascal. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports in 2021.Recommanded Product: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chem. composition of Zizyphus lotus and Ruta chalepensis essential oils (EOs), the oral acute toxicity, influence on the gastrointestinal microbiota and the in vivo anti-salmonellosis effect. The EOs were isolated using the steam distillation process, and bioactive components were identified by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) anal. Oral acute toxicity, influence on the gastrointestinal flora composition and the anti-salmonellosis effect were elucidated using in vivo methods on exptl. animals. The GC-MS allowed us to identify 33 and 58 components in Z. lotus and R. chalepensis, resp. Di-isooctyl phthalate (89.857%) was found to be the major compound identified in Z. lotus. The main compounds in R. chalepensis were 2-undecanone (26.528%) followed by 2-nonanone (13.404%). The LD50 of EOs was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Also, no neg. influence to intestinal microbiota was detected. An important decrease in S. enterica ssp arizonae cells achieving a bactericidal effect was recorded in rats treated with the EOs of both plants at a dose of 400 mg/kg. In parallel, an important significant (P < 0.05) increase in lymphocytes number was observed for all tested animals. A decrease in alk. phosphatase (ALP), amino alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels was observed Furthermore, a reduced blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was recorded in treated animals. The Z. lotus and R. chalepensis act effectively as anti-salmonellosis agents, which support the use of these plants to cure gastrointestinal infections. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Recommanded Product: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics