Preparation of sulfonated galactose-based glycopolymers and interactions with lectins was written by Ye, Bao-tong;Cai, Zhi;Wu, Jing;Lin, Xin;Chen, Jing-xiao;Chen, Jing-hua. And the article was included in Gaofenzi Xuebao in 2018.Reference of 4163-60-4 This article mentions the following:
A series of sulfonated galactose-based glycopolymers with different chem. structures were synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization Galactose modified hydroxyethyl methacrylate and sodium p-styrene sulfonate were used as monomers to construct homo-, block-, and random-glycopolymers. The chem. structures and mol. weights of the synthesized polymers were characterized through 1H-NMR spectroscopy and GPC-MALLS analyses. Results showed that each glycopolymer possessed an average mol. weight of 1.5 鑴?104 with narrow mol. weight distribution (PDI 閳?1.1). The turbidimetry assay indicated that the interactions between the glycopolymers and peanut agglutinin (PNA), which were used as model lectin, were influenced by the structure of the glycopolymers. The introduction of the sulfonic group significantly improved the PNA-binding ability of the glycopolymers through the synergistic effect of specific recognition and electrostatic interactions. Importantly, this effect was adjustable by varying the amount and distribution of the sulfonic groups. Both block- and random-glycopolymers exhibited significantly enhanced PNA-binding behavior with increasing amount of sulfonic groups. Moreover, the binding ability peaked when the molar ratio of the sulfonic groups was 66.7%. By contrast, the random-type glycopolymer, namely, P(Gal21-r-SS41), exhibited the strongest PNA-binding ability, which increased by 2.7-fold compared with that of the homo-type glycopolymer PGal. The ELISA assay further revealed that the polymerization and random distribution of the sulfonic groups in the glycopolymer substantially enhanced the recognition between PNA and the galactose moiety. The inhibition rate of galactose (30 mmol/L) against the PNA binding of PGal, P(Gal21-r-SS43), and P(Gal21-r-SS41) were 80%, 57.3%, and 34.2%, resp. However, the contents of the galactose moiety in these samples were 3.8, 2.1 and 2.0 mmol/L, resp. Overall, the order of PNA-binding ability was: P(Gal-r-SS) > P(Gal-b-SS) > PGal > PSS. In addition, the viability of B16 cancer cells and COS7 normal cells was higher than 80% when the concentration of the glycopolymers was 256 mg/L, indicating a good biocompatibility of these polymers. Based on the anal. of glycopolymer-lectin interactions, P(>) effectively inhibited the migration of B16 tumor cells and thus can be applied in clin. therapy for tumor metastasis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Reference of 4163-60-4).
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 4163-60-4
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics