Ortho selectivity in SNAr substitutions of 2,4-dihaloaromatic compounds. Reactions with piperidine was written by Wendt, Michael D.;Kunzer, Aaron R.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2010.Quality Control of tert-Butyl 2,4-difluorobenzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:
A broad survey of aromatic compounds with halogens positioned both ortho and para to activating groups was studied in SNAr reactions with piperidine. Regioselectivities varied with the substituent group and the polarity of the solvent. Many activating groups exhibited an overall bias toward ortho-substitution, and this led in nonpolar solvents to very high ortho selectivity. More polar solvents uniformly shifted the product ratio toward para substitution. Evidence is presented that argues for coordination via hydrogen bonding as a driver of much of the ortho selectivity observed The data presented show ample evidence of the generality and synthetic utility of the ortho-directing ability of several common activating groups for this reaction type. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as tert-Butyl 2,4-difluorobenzoate (cas: 500353-15-1Quality Control of tert-Butyl 2,4-difluorobenzoate).
tert-Butyl 2,4-difluorobenzoate (cas: 500353-15-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of tert-Butyl 2,4-difluorobenzoate
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics