High humidity aggravates the severity of arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis mice by upregulating xylitol and L-pyroglutamic acid was written by Wang, Mingzhu;Chen, Jiao;Lin, Xiaoying;Huang, Lin;Li, Haichang;Wen, Chengping;He, Zhixing. And the article was included in Arthritis Research & Therapy in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Humidity was an unfavorable factor for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA disease activity was severe in high humidity conditions. However, there is no evidence to demonstrate the effects of humidity on arthritis in the animal experiments and explore its relevant mechanism. Using the DBA/1 mice, this study addressed the effects of a high humidity (80 ± 5%) on arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Then, this study used the gas chromatog.-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to explore alterations in serum metabolome caused by the high humidity. Furthermore, xylitol and L-pyroglutamic acid, which were both significantly upregulated by the high humidity, were selected to further study their effects on arthritis in the CIA mice. The high humidity (80 ± 5%) could aggravate arthritis variables including increasing arthritis score and swelling, serum autoantibodies (anti-COII and anti-CCP), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17A, and G-CSF). In addition, the high humidity could cause significant alterations in serum metabolome in the CIA mice. Xylitol and L-pyroglutamic acid were the representative serum metabolites that were significantly upregulated by the high humidity. Further experiments demonstrated that the supplementation of 0.4 mg/mL xylitol in drinking water after inducing the CIA model and 2.0 mg/mL in drinking water before inducing the CIA model could both aggravate arthritis in the CIA mice. These data demonstrated that high humidity was not beneficial for arthritis development and its mechanism might be associated with xylitol and L-pyroglutamic acid. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).
Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Category: esters-buliding-blocks
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics