On November 30, 2020, Saunders, Leslie J.; Fitzsimmons, Patrick N.; Nichols, John W.; Gobas, Frank A. P. C. published an article.COA of Formula: C24H27NO2 The title of the article was In vitro-in vivo extrapolation of hepatic and gastrointestinal biotransformation rates of hydrophobic chemicals in rainbow trout. And the article contained the following:
Here we evaluated intestinal biotransformation in rainbow trout using S9 fractions prepared from the upper intestinal (GIT) epithelium. Measured levels of activity determined using standard substrates for phase I and phase II biotransformation enzymes were within 2-fold of activities measured in hepatic S9 fractions. An existing liver only IVIVE model was expanded to consider biotransformation in both the liver and GIT. Relevant IVIVE scaling factors were developed by morphol., histol., and biochem. evaluation of trout intestines. For chems. biotransformed at higher rates by hepatic S9 fractions (i.e., BAP, PYR, EHMC), the liver & GIT model yielded whole-body biotransformation rate constants (kMET) that were within 1.2 to 1.4-fold of those estimated using the liver only model. In contrast to these findings, the mean kMET for OCT obtained using the liver & GIT model was 3.3 times higher than the mean kMET derived using the liver only model and was in good agreement with empirical kMET estimates determined previously for trout (<20% difference). The results of this study suggest that current liver only IVIVE approaches may underestimate in vivo biotransformation rates for chems. that undergo substantial biotransformation in the GIT. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate(cas: 6197-30-4).COA of Formula: C24H27NO2
The Article related to oncorhynchus gastrointestinal tract biotransformation pyrene pyloric cecum, animal alternatives, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, in vitro-in vivo extrapolation, intestinal metabolism, rainbow trout and other aspects.COA of Formula: C24H27NO2
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