Month: February 2023

Oxidation of monoesters of dicarboxylic acids was written by Blanshtein, I. B.;Moskovich, Yu. L.;Proskuryakov, V. A.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation) in 1972.Recommanded Product: 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid This article mentions the following:

HO2C(CH2)nCO2Me (n = 7 or 10) were oxidized by O in the presence of KMnO4 and Mn stearate to dicarboxylic acids and their monoesters of lower C content. The product distribution was explained by intramol. chain transfer, coupled with decarboxylation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0Recommanded Product: 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid).

12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Novel Reaction for Annulation onto α,β-Unsaturated Ketones: W(CO)₅·L Promoted Exo- and Endo-Selective Cyclizations of ω-Acetylenic Silyl Enol Ethers Prepared by 1,4-Addition of Propargyl Malonate to Enones was written by Iwasawa, Nobuharu;Maeyama, Katsuya;Kusama, Hiroyuki. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2001.Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate This article mentions the following:

Tungsten carbonyl catalysts promoted five- and six-membered ring annulations onto α,β-unsaturated ketones via cyclizations of acetylenic silyl enol ether intermediates. Thus, 1,4-addition of di-Et propargylmalonate to α,β-unsaturated ketones, e.g. cycloalkenones I (0-3) or PhCOCH:CHR¹ (R¹ = Ph, Me), in the presence of silyl triflates gave siloxy enynes, e.g. II (R¹Si = Me₃CSiMe₂, i-Pr₃Si) and siloxyhepenynes III, in good yield. W(CO)₅·THF and W(CO)₆ catalyzed photochem. cyclization of these intermediates gave either exo-cyclized products, e.g. methylenecyclopentanes IV and V, or endo-cyclized products, e.g. bicyclic ketones VI and benzoylcyclohexenes VII, in good yields simply by changing the reaction solvent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Study on the key volatile compounds and aroma quality of jasmine tea with different scenting technology was written by An, Huimin;Ou, Xingchang;Zhang, Yangbo;Li, Shi;Xiong, Yifan;Li, Qin;Huang, Jianan;Liu, Zhonghua. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.SDS of cas: 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

The aroma quality of jasmine tea refers to the strength and freshness of jasmine fragrance and its coordination with tea aroma, which is regulated by various volatile compounds In this study, seventy volatile compounds of jasmine tea scented by different scenting technol. were analyzed qual. and quant. by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). And seven compounds were identified as the key volatile compounds by weighted gene co-expression network anal. (WGCNA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant anal. (OPLS-DA) and odor activity value (OAV). According to the equation describing seven key volatile compounds and quality of jasmine tea, the optimal scenting technol. was obtained, i.e., the amount of flowers (AF) was 65-78%, scenting time (ST) was 15-17 h, and scenting temperature (SW) was 35-40°C. This study lays a foundation for the study of aroma characteristics of jasmine tea, and guides enterprises to improve jasmine tea processing technol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3SDS of cas: 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces native yeasts on beer aroma compounds was written by Larroque, M. N.;Carrau, F.;Farina, L.;Boido, E.;Dellacassa, E.;Medina, K.. And the article was included in International Journal of Food Microbiology in 2021.Reference of 706-14-9 This article mentions the following:

Recently, the increase in microbreweries and the consequent production of craft beers have reached exponential growth. The interest in non-conventional yeasts for innovation and a unique selling feature in beer fermentation is increasing. This work studied the autochthonous Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts, isolated from various food sources, with the ability to modify and improve the fermentative and aromatic profiles during alc. fermentation The ability to ferment maltose and produce desirable aroma compounds were considered as the key characters for the screening selection. A synthetic beer wort was developed for this purpose, to simulate beer wort composition A total of forty-seven yeast strains belonging to different genera were analyzed according to their fermentation profile, volatile compounds production and sensory anal. Three native strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygoascus meyerae and Pichia anomala were selected to evaluate their aromatic profile in single and mixed fermentations The strains produced 4-vinylguaiacol, β-phenylethyl alc., and isoamyl alc. at levels significantly above the sensory threshold, making them interesting for wheat and blond craft beer styles. The native Hanseniaspora vineae was also included in a co-fermentation treatment, resulting in a promising yeast to produce fruity beers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Reference of 706-14-9).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Reference of 706-14-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Willgerodt reaction with 2-acetylthiophene was written by Dann, Otto;Distler, Harry. And the article was included in Chemische Berichte in 1951.Recommanded Product: 19432-68-9 This article mentions the following:

Because the addition of RCH₂CONH₂ (I) (R = S.CH:CH.CH:C throughout the abstract) to the nutrient in the biosynthesis of penicillia gave a product with a highly increased activity and 2-thienylmethylpenicillin showed indications of permanent action, a synthesis of I by the Willgerodt reaction is carried out. Heating 10 g. RCOMe, 18 cc. dioxane, 22 cc. concentrated NH₄OH, 15 g. S, and 12 cc. yellow (NH₄)₂S_x in a bomb within 1 hr. at 142°, keeping the mixture 3.25 hrs. at 142°, raising the temperature the last 1/4 hr. to 152°, evaporating the contents of 3 runs on the water bath, and extracting the residue with hot H₂O gives 68% I, m. 146.5°. Refluxing 700 mg. I in 15 cc. 10% KOH 12 hrs. and acidifying with concentrated HCl give 300 mg. RCH₂CO₂H (II), m. 64°. Refluxing 6 g. II with 30 g. MeOH and 1 g. concentrated HCl 5 hrs. gives 82% RCH₂CO₂Me, b₂₅ 119-22°, n_D^19.5 1.5243. Adding dropwise 86 g. SnCl₄ over a period of 2 hrs. to 37.3 g. 2,5-dimethylthiophene, 26 g. AcCl, and 400 g. C₆H₆ with ice-NaCl cooling and stirring, and stirring the mixture 3 hrs. at 25-30° give 91% (with AlCl₃ in CS₂, 60%) 2,5-dimethyl-3-acetylthiophene (III), b₈ 96-105°, n_D²⁴ 1.5404 (semicarbazone, m. 211°). Refluxing 4.5 hrs. 132 g. III, 120 g. morpholine, and 45 g. S, pouring the mixture into 100 cc. EtOH-Me₂CO (1:1), and cooling with ice-NaCl give 56.8% 3-(2,5-dimethylthienyl)thioacetomorpholide (IV), shiny slightly yellow leaflets, m. 76°. Refluxing 12 hrs. 124 g. IV with 120 g. KOH in 1.2 l. MeOH, evaporating the mixture on a water bath to dryness, dissolving the residue in 700 cc. hot H₂O, washing the solution with CS₂ and ether, and acidifying with dilute H₂SO₄ give 50% 3-(2,5-dimethylthienyl)acetic acid, b_2.6 152-3°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Recommanded Product: 19432-68-9).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 19432-68-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nucleophilic fluorination of β-ketoester derivatives with HBF₄ was written by Pasceri, Raffaele;Bartrum, Hannah E.;Hayes, Christopher J.;Moody, Christopher J.. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2012.Name: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

Treating readily available α-diazo-β-keto esters with HBF₄ results in nucleophilic fluorination by the usually inert and stable tetrafluoroborate anion. The resulting α-fluoro-β-ketoesters are highly versatile synthetic intermediates, for example in the preparation of fluoro-heterocycles, as illustrated by the direct formation of fluoro-pyrimidines, -pyrazoles and -coumarins in a single step. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Name: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Name: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Biotransformation of phenolic profiles and improvement of antioxidant capacities in jujube juice by select lactic acid bacteria was written by Li, Tianlin;Jiang, Tian;Liu, Ning;Wu, Caiyun;Xu, Huaide;Lei, Hongjie. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2021.Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of four com. lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. helveticus and L. plantarum, on the phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacities and flavor profiles of jujube juices prepared from two crop varieties (Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Muzao and Hetian). Results showed that both jujube juices were excellent matrixes for LAB growth with more than 11 log CFU/mL of viable counts at the end of fermentation LAB fermentation dramatically increased total phenolic content, while decreased total flavonoid content of jujube juices. However, antioxidant capacities based on DPPH and FRAP methods were significantly improved by LAB fermentation and pos. correlated with caffeic acid and rutin contents. Furthermore, a total of 74 volatile compounds were identified and increased in total content by LAB fermentation, which resulted in 22 and 19 new flavor volatiles formation in Muzao juice and Hetian juice, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Formula: C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Temperature Driven Self-Assembly of a Zwitterionic Block Copolymer That Exhibits Triple Thermoresponsivity and pH Sensitivity was written by Jimenez, Zulma A.;Yoshida, Ryo. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2015.Synthetic Route of C14H12S2 This article mentions the following:

We report a zwitterionic block copolymer composed of N-isopropylacrylamide and N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-(methacrylamido)propyl)ammoniopropanesulfonate monomers which self-assembles into different structures depending on the solution temperature As the temperature is increased from 20 to 70 °C, the solubility of the polymer switches direction from insoluble to soluble to insoluble to soluble During this process, the polymer self-assembly changes from polymersomes to micelles. These extraordinary transitions are possible because of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic ratio of the polymer blocks and the presence of a carboxyl end group attached to the end of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) chain. Addnl., one of these transitions can be controlled by the pH of the solution thanks to the protonation-deprotonation of the carbonyl and the charge neutralization of the ammonium moieties. The present work opens the possibility of designing polymers with temperature driven self-assembly properties that could be used for biomedical applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Synthetic Route of C14H12S2).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Synthetic Route of C14H12S2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Method for Obtaining Defined End Groups of Polymethacrylates Prepared by the RAFT Process during Aminolysis was written by Roth, Peter J.;Kessler, Daniel;Zentel, Rudolf;Theato, Patrick. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2008.Quality Control of Benzyl benzodithioate This article mentions the following:

We presented a simple modification of the aminolysis of polymethacrylates prepared by the RAFT process overcoming the problems of thiolactone and side product formation. The method uses the high reactivity of Me methanethiosulfonate toward thiols, thus favoring Me disulfide formation even in the presence of oxygen. The transformed disulfide end group showed a higher affinity toward a gold surface than the dithioester end group and could successfully be employed for encapsulation of gold nanoparticles. This method enables polymethacrylates to be grafted onto metal surfaces and also opens new routes to end-group functionalization of RAFT polymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Quality Control of Benzyl benzodithioate).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of Benzyl benzodithioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery of a 1-Methyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-Based Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptor Agonist Ceralifimod (ONO-4641). A S1P₁ and S1P₅ Selective Agonist for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases was written by Kurata, Haruto;Kusumi, Kensuke;Otsuki, Kazuhiro;Suzuki, Ryo;Kurono, Masakuni;Komiya, Takaki;Hagiya, Hiroshi;Mizuno, Hirotaka;Shioya, Hiroki;Ono, Takeji;Takada, Yuka;Maeda, Tatsuo;Matsunaga, Norikazu;Kondo, Tetsu;Tominaga, Sachiko;Nunoya, Ken-ici;Kiyoshi, Hidekazu;Komeno, Masaharu;Nakade, Shinji;Habashita, Hiromu. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The discovery of 1-({6-[(2-methoxy-4-propylbenzyl)oxy]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl}methyl)azetidine3-carboxylic acid (I) (13n, ceralifimod, ONO-4641), a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist selective for S1P₁ and S1P₅, is described. While it has been revealed that the modulation of the S1P₁ receptor is an effective way to treat autoimmune diseases such as relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), it was also reported that activation of the S1P₃ receptor is implicated in some undesirable effects. The authors carried out a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of hit compound 6 with an amino acid moiety in the hydrophilic head region. Following identification of a lead compound with a dihydronaphthalene central core by inducing conformational constraint, optimization of the lipophilic tail region led to the discovery of I as a clin. candidate that exhibited >30 000-fold selectivity for S1P₁ over S1P₃ and was potent in a peripheral lymphocyte lowering (PLL) test in mice (ED₅₀ = 0.029 mg/kg, 24 h after oral dosing). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics