Month: February 2023

Exploring the characteristic aroma of beef from Japanese black cattle (Japanese Wagyu) via sensory evaluation and gas chromatography-olfactometry was written by Ueda, Shuji;Yamanoue, Minoru;Sirai, Yasuhito;Iwamoto, Eiji. And the article was included in Metabolites in 2021.Name: 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

Beef from Japanese Black cattle (Japanese Wagyu) is renowned for its flavor characteristics. To clarify the key metabolites contributing to this rich and sweet aroma of beef, an omics anal. combined with GC-olfactometry (GC-O) and metabolomics anal. with gas chromatog.- mass spectrometry were applied. GC-O anal. identified 39 odor-active odorants from the volatile fraction of boiled beef distilled by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation Eight odorants predicted to contribute to Wagyu beef aroma were compared between Japanese Black cattle and Holstein cattle using a stable isotope dilution assay with GC-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. By correlating the sensory evaluation values of retronasal aroma, γ-hexalactone, γ-decalactone, and γ-undecalactone showed a high correlation with the Wagyu beef aroma. Metabolomics data revealed a high correlation between the amounts of odorants and multiple metabolites, such as glutamine, decanoic acid, lactic acid, and phosphoric acid. These results provide useful information for assessing the aroma and quality of beef. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Name: 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Name: 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gold-catalyzed room-temperature cycloisomerisation of alkynes and unactivated enolizable ketones was written by Davies, Paul W.;Detty-Mambo, Christelle. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2010.Reference of 17920-23-9 This article mentions the following:

The cycloisomerisation of simple keto-alkynes proceeds at room temperature under the mild conditions of gold catalysis. Bicyclic fused compounds, e.g., I and spiro compounds, e.g., II can be obtained by overall 5-exo and 6-exo carbon-carbon bond-forming cyclisations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Reference of 17920-23-9).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Reference of 17920-23-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Expedient Synthesis of Thioether-Functionalized Hydrotris(indazolyl)borate as an Anchoring Platform for Rotary Molecular Machines was written by Erbland, Guillaume;Gisbert, Yohan;Rapenne, Gwenael;Kammerer, Claire. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2018.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate This article mentions the following:

Major improvements in the synthesis of surface-mounted rotary mol. machines based on ruthenium(II) complexes are reported. The development of a one-pot indium(III)-mediated “N-deprotection/ester reductive sulfidation” sequence allowed step economy, reproducibility and high efficiency in the synthesis of the thioether-functionalized tripodal ligand. Switching to the thallium salt of hydrotris(indazolyl)borate and to microwave heating further optimized the preparation of the common intermediate in the modular synthesis of sym. and dissym. mol. motors and gears. The penta(4-bromophenyl)cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) key precursor is now reproducibly synthesized in 5 steps and 31 % overall yield on the longest linear sequence. Subsequent fivefold Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with ferroceneboronic acid led to a new C₅-sym. pentaferrocenyl mol. motor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate).

Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and pharmacophore modeling studies of pyrazole-3-carbohydrazone derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors was written by Wu, Deyan;Jin, Fangfang;Lu, Weiqiang;Zhu, Jin;Li, Cui;Wang, Wei;Tang, Yun;Jiang, Hualiang;Huang, Jin;Liu, Guixia;Li, Jian. And the article was included in Chemical Biology & Drug Design in 2012.Application of 39163-39-8 This article mentions the following:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease and a major challenge to health care systems around the world. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), a serine protease, has been rapidly emerging as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment for T2DM. In this study, a series of novel DPP-4 inhibitors, featuring the pyrazole-3-carbohydrazone scaffold, have been discovered using an integrated approach of structure-based virtual screening, chem. synthesis, and bioassay. Virtual screening of SPECS Database, followed by enzymic activity assay, resulted in five micromolar or low-to-mid-micromolar inhibitory level compounds with different scaffold. N’-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)methylene]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide was selected for the further structure modifications in considering inhibitory activity, structural variability, and synthetic accessibility. Seventeen new compounds were synthesized and tested with biol. assays. Nine compounds were found to show inhibitory effects against DPP-4. Mol. docking models give rational explanation about structure-activity relationships. Based on eight DPP-4 inhibitors the best pharmacophore model hypo1 was obtained, consisting of one hydrogen bond donor (HBD), one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and two hydrophobic (HY) features. Both docking models and pharmacophore mapping results are in agreement with pharmacol. results. The present studies give some guiding information for further structural optimization and are helpful for future DPP-4 inhibitors design. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-oxo-2-(2-oxocyclopentyl)acetate (cas: 39163-39-8Application of 39163-39-8).

Ethyl 2-oxo-2-(2-oxocyclopentyl)acetate (cas: 39163-39-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application of 39163-39-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A comprehensive evaluation of organic micropollutants (OMPs) pollution and prioritization in equatorial lakes from mainland Tanzania, East Africa was written by Zhao, Zhonghua;Yao, Xiaolong;Ding, Qiqi;Gong, Xionghu;Wang, Jianjun;Tahir, Saadu;Kimirei, Ishmael Aaron;Zhang, Lu. And the article was included in Water Research in 2022.Synthetic Route of C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

A lack of understanding the fate of highly toxic organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the equatorial lakes of Tanzania hinders public awareness for protecting these unique aquatic ecosystems, which are precious water resources and stunning wildlife habitats. To address this knowledge gap, the occurrence of 70 anthropogenically-sourced OMPs, including phthalates (PAEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), was investigated in the water and sediment of 18 lakes in Tanzania. Similar residue concentrations were found in both compartments, showing higher pollution of PAEs ranging from 835.0 to 13,153.1 ng/L in water and 244.6-8691.8 ng/g dw in sediment, followed by PAHs, while OCPs and PCBs were comparatively lower. According to the multi-criteria scoring method for prioritization, the final OMP priority list for the lake environment in Tanzania comprised 25 chems., specifically 5 PAEs (DEHP, DIBP, DBP, DCHP and DMPP), 6 PCBs (PCB153, PCB105, PCB28, PCB156, PCB157 and PCB167), 6 PAHs (BaP, BaA, BbF, Pyr, DahA and InP) and 8 OCPs (cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDT, endrin, methoxychlor and heptachlor epoxide), suggesting the key substances for conventional monitoring and pollution control in these equatorial lakes, with an emphasis on PAEs, especially DEHP, due to the top priority and endocrine disruptor properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Synthetic Route of C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Synthetic Route of C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Data-science based analysis of perceptual spaces of odors in olfactory loss was written by Loetsch, Joern;Ultsch, Alfred;Haehner, Antje;Willgeroth, Vivien;Bensafi, Moustafa;Zaliani, Andrea;Hummel, Thomas. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

Diminished sense of smell impairs the quality of life but olfactorily disabled people are hardly considered in measures of disability inclusion. We aimed to stratify perceptual characteristics and odors according to the extent to which they are perceived differently with reduced sense of smell, as a possible basis for creating olfactory experiences that are enjoyed in a similar way by subjects with normal or impaired olfactory function. In 146 subjects with normal or reduced olfactory function, perceptual characteristics (edibility, intensity, irritation, temperature, familiarity, hedonics, painfulness) were tested for four sets of 10 different odors each. Data were analyzed with (i) a projection based on principal component anal. and (ii) the training of a machine-learning algorithm in a 1000-fold cross-validated setting to distinguish between olfactory diagnosis based on odor property ratings. Both anal. approaches identified perceived intensity and familiarity with the odor as discriminating characteristics between olfactory diagnoses, while evoked pain sensation and perceived temperature were not discriminating, followed by edibility. Two disjoint sets of odors were identified, i.e., d = 4 “discriminating odors” with respect to olfactory diagnosis, including cis-3-hexenol, Me salicylate, 1-butanol and cineole, and d = 7 “non-discriminating odors”, including benzyl acetate, heptanal, 4-ethyl-octanoic acid, methional, isobutyric acid, 4-decanolide and p-cresol. Different weightings of the perceptual properties of odors with normal or reduced sense of smell indicate possibilities to create sensory experiences such as food, meals or scents that by emphasizing trigeminal perceptions can be enjoyed by both normosmic and hyposmic individuals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Synthetic Route of C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Coupled multidimensional GC and odor activity value calculation to identify off-odors in thermally processed muskmelon juice was written by Pang, Xueli;Zhang, Yizhi;Qiu, Jun;Cao, Jianmin;Sun, Yuqing;Li, Hehe;Kong, Fanyu. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2019.Electric Literature of C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

Predominant contributors to thermally-induced off-notes in muskmelon juice were investigated by combination of sensory evaluation, GC-olfactometry (GC-O), multidimensional GC, odor activity value (OAV) calculation and addition experiments “Fermented” and “sulfurous” were revealed as the dominant heat-induced offensive off-notes, and fundamental heat-led changes in odorant compositions were observed Comparative aroma extract dilution anal. revealed that the off-flavors were mainly caused by newly heat-formed compounds with extremely low odor threshold and unpleasant smells. These included volatile sulfur compounds with “rotten” odors, Strecker aldehydes having “fermented” notes, and heterocyclics exhibiting “roasted” smells. Specifically, di-Me sulfide, methional, methanethiol, di-Me trisulfide, di-Me disulfide, and acetaldehyde were identified as the predominant off-note contributors, among which DMS was the most important one, showing the highest OAV. Multiple extraction techniques, GC-O coupling to GC × GC-QTOF-MS and OAV calculation are powerful tools for accurate location and reliable identification of trace and key off-odorants in natural complex matrixes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Electric Literature of C6H12O2).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Electric Literature of C6H12O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Potentiometric determination of trace amounts of aluminum utilizing polyvinyl chloride membrane and coated platinum sensors based on E-N’-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide was written by Tajik, Somayeh;Taher, Mohammad Ali;Sheikhshoaie, Iran. And the article was included in Journal of AOAC International in 2013.Recommanded Product: 106-79-6 This article mentions the following:

Described is the construction and performance characteristics of PVC membrane (PME) and coated platinum (CPtE) aluminum (Al) ion selective electrodes based on E-N’-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide. The electrodes exhibited linear responses with near Nernstian slopes of 19.9 ± 0.3 (PME) and 20.1 ±0.4 (CPtE) mV/decade of activity within the Al³⁺ range of 3.0 × 10^-7 to 1.0 × 10^-2 M for the PME and 1.0 × 10^-7-1.0 × 10^-2 M for the CPtE. These sensors were applicable in a pH range of 3.0 to 7.0. The LODs of the PME and CPtE were 1.7 × 10^-7 and 5.6 × 10^-8 M, resp. They had a response time of <10 s and could be used practically for a period of â‰? mo without measurable divergence in results. The isothermal temperature coefficient of the PME was 1.12 × 10^-3 V/K, and it can tolerate partially nonaqueous media â‰?5%. The electrodes showed excellent selectivity towards Al³⁺ in the presence of a wide range of alkali, alk. earth, and transition metals ions. They were successfully applied for the direct determination of Al³⁺ in tap water, aqueduct water, mineral water, and Al-Mg syrup and as indicator electrodes in potentiometric titration of Al ions with EDTA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Recommanded Product: 106-79-6).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: 106-79-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification and structure-activity relationships of 1-aryl-3-piperidin-4-yl-urea derivatives as CXCR3 receptor antagonists was written by Allen, Daniel R.;Bolt, Amanda;Chapman, Gayle A.;Knight, Roland L.;Meissner, Johannes W. G.;Owen, David A.;Watson, Robert J.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2007.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and biol. evaluation of a series of 1-aryl-3-piperidin-4-yl-urea derivatives, e.g., I, as small-mol. CXCR3 antagonists is described. SAR studies resulted in significant improvement of potency and physicochem. properties and established the key pharmacophore of the series, and led to the identification of 9t, which exhibits an IC₅₀ of 16 nM in the GTPγS³⁵ functional assay. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Molecularly imprinted polymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer precipitation polymerization for preconcentration of atrazine in food matrices was written by Xu, Shoufang;Li, Jinhua;Chen, Lingxin. And the article was included in Talanta in 2011.HPLC of Formula: 27249-90-7 This article mentions the following:

Controlled/living free radical polymerization (CLRP) has been accepted as an effective technique in preparation of polymers because of its inherent advantages over traditional free radical polymerization In this work, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, the ideal candidate for CLRP, was applied to prepare atrazine molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) by precipitation polymerization The resultant RAFT-MIPs demonstrated uniform spherical shape with rough surface containing significant amounts of micropores, leading to an improvement in imprinting efficiency compared with that of the MIPs prepared by traditional precipitation polymerization (TR-MIPs). The maximum binding capacities of the RAFT-MIPs and TR-MIPs were 2.89 mg g^-1 and 1.53 mg g^-1, resp. The recoveries ranging from 81.5% to 100.9% were achieved by one-step extraction by using RAFT-MIPs for preconcentration and selective separation of atrazine in spiked lettuce and corn samples. These results provided the possibility for the separation and enrichment of atrazine from complicated matrixes by RAFT-MIPs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7HPLC of Formula: 27249-90-7).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 27249-90-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics