Month: February 2023

Palladium(II)/Lewis Acid Synergistically Catalyzed Allylic C-H Olefination was written by Wang, Pu-Sheng;Lin, Hua-Chen;Zhou, Xiao-Le;Gong, Liu-Zhu. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2014.Quality Control of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate This article mentions the following:

The first allylic C-H olefination with α-diazo esters synergistically catalyzed by a palladium(II) complex and (salen)CrCl has been established to directly generate conjugated polyene derivatives in moderate to high yields and with excellent stereoselectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate (cas: 584-74-7Quality Control of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate).

Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate (cas: 584-74-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Essential oils from Eucalyptus staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey and Eucalyptus urograndis W. Hill ex Maiden associated to carboxymethylcellulose coating for the control of Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. and Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill. in strawberries was written by da Silva, Paula Porrelli Moreira;de Oliveira, Jacqueline;Biazotto, Anaile dos Mares;Parisi, Marise Martins;da Gloria, Eduardo Micoti;Spoto, Marta Helena Fillet. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2020.Reference of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

The fungi Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill. (R. stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.) and Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. (B. cinerea Pers. Fr.) are causal agents of important post-harvest diseases in strawberries. For their control, the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus staigeriana Muell. ex Bailey (E. staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey) and Eucalyptus urograndis W. Hill ex Maiden (E. urograndis W. Hill ex Maiden) can be a good alternative to the synthetic fungicides. Thus, the antifungal activity of the EOs from E. staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey and from E. urograndis W. Hill ex Maiden was evaluated in vitro on the fungi B. cinerea Pers. Fr. and R. stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.. The effects on pathogen morphol. and the in vivo antifungal activity of the EO that presented the highest activity in vitro, associated with CM-cellulose (CMC), were also verified. The chem. composition of the essential oils evaluated was determined The EO from E. staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey was the most efficient in the in vitro assays on the two fungi. This EO, whose major compound is limonene, caused dehydration and rupture of the fungal hyphae, suggesting its action is on the cell wall and membrane. The incorporation of this EO to CMC in the curative way reduced the severity of soft rot, caused by R. stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.; nevertheless, it did not present an effect on the inhibition of B. cinerea Pers. Fr.. These results suggest that E. staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey EO, associated to CMC coating, can be an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides for the control of R. stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill., mainly. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Reference of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Changes in free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds of nectarine fruit during low-temperature storage was written by Zhang, Q.;Zhou, D. D.;Jiang, M. W.;Tu, K.. And the article was included in International Food Research Journal in 2022.SDS of cas: 706-14-9 This article mentions the following:

Free and glycosidically bound volatiles are two essential aroma compounds contributing to the flavor of nectarine fruits. To explore the relationship between free and bound volatiles in nectarine fruits during postharvest storage, they were first harvested and then subjected to the temperatures of 1, 5, and 8°C for 35 d, and the changes in volatile compounds, β-glucosidase (β-Glu) activity, and the expression of UGT (UDP-glucosyltransferase) involved in the accumulation of bound linalool were determined Results showed that nectarine fruits stored at 5°C had the lowest contents of free volatile compounds due to damage from chilling injury, and the contents of esters and lactones decreased at 1 and 5°C. The contents of bound volatiles increased during the early storage period, and decreased afterwards due to an increase in β-Glu activity. Corresponding to the higher contents of bound volatiles at 1°C, the β-Glu activity in nectarine fruits stored at 1°C was significantly lower than that in nectarine fruits stored at the other two temperatures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9SDS of cas: 706-14-9).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 706-14-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Manganese-Promoted Regioselective Ring-Opening of 2,3-Epoxy Acid Derivatives: A New Route to α-Hydroxy Acid Derivatives was written by Concellon, Jose M.;Bernad, Pablo L.;Rodriguez-Solla, Humberto;Diaz, Pamela. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2009.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate This article mentions the following:

A simple and general methodol. directed towards the synthesis 3-aryl-2-hydroxy amides, or esters with total regioselectivity from the easily available 2,3-epoxy amides or esters, promoted by active manganese is described. Utilizing enantiopure epoxy amides as starting materials, the corresponding 3-aryl-2-hydroxy amides in enantiopure form are also available. Some synthetic applications of selected examples of 3-aryl-2-hydroxy carboxylic acid derivatives are shown. A mechanism has been proposed to explain this novel reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pd(OAc)₂-catalyzed orthogonal synthesis of 2-hydroxybenzoates and substituted cyclohexanones from acyclic unsaturated 1,3-carbonyl compounds was written by Miyagi, Toshinori;Okada, Sho;Tada, Naoya;Sugihara, Masahiro;Kagawa, Natsuko;Takabatake, Tetsuhiko;Toyota, Masahiro. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2019.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate This article mentions the following:

A Pd-catalyzed orthogonal synthesis of substituted 2-hydroxybenzoates and substituted cyclohexanones was developed for the first time. The substituted 2-hydroxybenzoates were obtained from acyclic unsaturated 1,3-carbonyl compounds using a combination of catalytic Pd(OAc)₂ and Cu(OAc)₂. On the other hand, the substituted cyclohexanones were produced from similar substrates via catalytic Pd(OAc)₂ and hydrogen chloride. Each transformation was clean, easy to work up, provided the desired compounds in good purities and did not require column chromatog. purification In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and pyrolysis of two novel pyrrole ester flavor precursors was written by Fan, Wenpeng;Chu, Wenjuan;Tian, Haiying;Zhang, Zhan;Feng, Yingjie;Gao, Ziting;Cheng, Biao;Ji, Xiaoming;Lai, Miao. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2022.Formula: C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

In order to develop the high-temperature-released pyrrole aroma, two novel flavor precursors of 1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylates I (R = n-Bu, Ph) were synthesized using glucosamine hydrochloride and Me acetoacetate as raw materials through cyclization, oxidation, alkylation, reduction, and esterification. The target compounds were characterized by NMR (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR), IR spectroscopy (IR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and the pyrolysis-gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) methods were used to analyze the heating-stability of the target compounds, and the pyrolysis mechanism was inferred. Py-GC/MS results indicated that some fragrance compounds were formed during thermal degradation such as 2-methylbutyric acid, 2-methylbutyrate, alkylpyrroles, and benzoic acid, which were important aroma components or flavor additives. This provided a theor. reference for the application of pyrrole ester in cigarette and heat-processed food flavoring. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Formula: C6H12O2).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C6H12O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exploiting urban roadside snowbanks as passive samplers of organic micropollutants and metals generated by traffic was written by Muller, Alexandra;Oesterlund, Helene;Marsalek, Jiri;Viklander, Maria. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2022.Formula: C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

Stormwater and snowmelt runoff is known to contribute to the deterioration of quality of urban surface waters. Vehicular traffic is recognized as a major source of a wide range of pollutants to urban runoff, including conventional pollutants, such as suspended solids and metals, and those referred to as ‘contaminants of emerging concern ‘. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of selected metal(loid)s (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Pd, Sb, W, Zn), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonylphenols, octylphenols and -ethoxylates, phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) from vehicular traffic by sampling urban roadside snow at eight sites, with varying traffic intensities, and one control site without direct impacts of traffic. Our results confirmed that vehicles and traffic-related activities were the sources of octylphenols, BPA and phthalates as well as the metal(loid)s Sb and W, infrequently reported in previous studies. Among metal(loid)s, Cu, Zn and W occurred in the highest concentrations (up to 1.2 mg/L Cu, 2.4 mg/L Zn and 1.9 mg/L W), while PAHs and phthalates occurred in the highest concentrations among the trace organic pollutants (up to 540μg/L phthalate diisononyl phthalate). Among the phthalates, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate had the highest frequency of detection (43% of the roadside samples). While BPA and octylphenols had relatively high frequencies of detection (50% for BPA and 81% for octylphenols), they were present in comparatively low concentrations (up to 0.2μg/L BPA and 1.1μg/L octylphenols). The control site displayed generally low concentrations of the pollutants studied, indicating that atm. deposition was not a significant source of the pollutants found in the roadside snow. Several of the pollutants in the roadside snow exceeded the applicable surface water and stormwater effluent guideline values. Thus, the transport of these pollutants with runoff posed risk of causing adverse effects in the receiving surface waters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Formula: C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of an optical sensor for determination of zinc by application of PC-ANN was written by Abbasitabar, Fatemeh;Zare-Shahabadi, Vali;Shamsipur, Mojtaba;Akhond, Morteza. And the article was included in Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical in 2011.COA of Formula: C12H22O4 This article mentions the following:

A very sensitive and reversible optical chem. sensor based on dithizone as chromoionophore immobilized within a plasticized carboxylated PVC film for Zn²⁺ determination is described. At optimum conditions (i.e. pH 5.0), the proposed sensor displays a linear response to Zn²⁺ over 5.0 × 10^-8-5.0 × 10^-6 mol L^-1 range. This range was improved to 2.5 × 10^-8-5.8 × 10^-5 mol L^-1 range by applying principal component-feed forward artificial neural network with back-propagation training algorithm (PC-ANNB). Detection limit of 8.0 × 10^-9 mol L^-1 was obtained. The sensor is fully reversible within the dynamic range and the response time (t _95%) is â‰? min under batch conditions. In addition to its high stability and reproducibility, the sensor shows good selectivity towards Zn²⁺ ion with respect to common metal cations. The sensor was successfully applied for determination of Zn²⁺ ion in hair sample. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6COA of Formula: C12H22O4).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.COA of Formula: C12H22O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fluoroaromatics from arylamines. A convenient one-pot conversion using nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate was written by Milner, David J.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 1992.Formula: C10H11FO2 This article mentions the following:

A simple, novel and extremely versatile procedure has been identified for the conversion of arylamines into the corresponding aryl fluorides. The amine is treated with nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate in dichloromethane and the resulting diazonium tetrafluoroborate is heated, without isolation or drying, to give the fluoroarom., generally in good yield. The method is applicable even to arylamines bearing carboxyl and hydroxyl substituents, which give poor yields of aryl fluorides under Balz-Schiemann conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Formula: C10H11FO2).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Formula: C10H11FO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Occurrences and changes in aroma-associated volatile compound profiles and prominent bioactive compounds at different stages of persimmon vinegar production process was written by Ozdemir, Nilguen;Budak, Nilguen H.;Filiz, Bilge Ertekin;Ozer, Elif. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation.Quality Control of 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

In this study, the aim was to reveal the aroma-related volatile component profiles, major bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacities of mainly persimmon vinegar produced from persimmon fruit, as well as its juice and wine. Persimmon fruit is rich in functional compounds However, its availability is limited due to not growing everywhere, soft texture, and it is also not preferred by consumers due to its quite astringent taste. In the study, persimmon vinegar was produced as a solution to these problems. Persimmon vinegar, stood out with high gallic, chlorogenic acid contents, and antioxidant capacity, even from apple and grape vinegars. Also, an aroma-associated volatile-compound profile of it was determined as mainly 2-butanol, acetic acid, propanol, Pr acetate, and phenethyl alc., and addnl. chavicol, 2-Bu acetate and isovaleric -acid. Persimmon vinegar may suggest as an alternative and new product with pos. health effects and different taste which can be preferred by consumers. Thus, this fruit should be used for vinegar production Novelty impact statement : Persimmon attracts attention with its rich bioactive properties and different flavor. The fermentation process causes changes in bioactive compounds and aroma components. Persimmon can be used as a novel substrate for vinegar production with bioactive compounds and distinct flavor. The aroma-related volatile component profiles, major bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacities of persimmon vinegar, juice, and wine were firstly revealed by this study. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Quality Control of 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Quality Control of 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics