Month: February 2023

Biplot investigation for essential oil yield and chemical compositions under the Deccan Plateau region of southern India in cultivars of Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) was written by Kumar, Ashish;Jnanesha, A. C.;Lal, R. K.;Chanotiya, C. S.;Srivastava, Shubham;Pant, Yatish. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022.Formula: C12H20O2 This article mentions the following:

The aromatic grass Java Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) belongs to the Poaceae family. Citronella essential oil is used to extract the aroma chems. geraniol and citronellal, which can then be converted into citronellol, hydroxy citronellol, synthetic menthol, and geraniol esters. In the Deccan Plateau region of southern India, farmers have a tough time determining which kind would produce high-quality essential oil. As a result, the goal of this study was to evaluate five java citronella cultivars in the Deccan Plateau region of south India and choose the best variety (or varieties) for large-scale production in the Deccan Plateau region. For evaluation, scientists from CSIR-CIMAP, RC, Hyderabad, India, used a three-time replicated randomized complete block design with a plot size of 3.0 m² from 2017 to 2018 and 2018-2019. In Java citronella Java I, Jc-5 was the most stable and high-yielding genotype, though Jc-3 >Jc-2 >Jc-1 in the order performed better in Java citronella Java II type. This is due to the high stability/strong consistency across the years. Based on average performance and stability for higher-quality essential oil yield, these Java citronella genotypes are recommended for large-scale cultivation in the Deccan Plateau region of southern India. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Formula: C12H20O2).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C12H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of 5-Iodo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines by Rhodium-Catalyzed Tandem Nucleophilic Attacks Involving 1-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Iodides was written by Man, Zengming;Dai, Haican;Shi, Yinping;Yang, Dongdong;Li, Chuan-Ying. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.Synthetic Route of C10H14O4 This article mentions the following:

Sodium iodide is used for the first time as a nucleophile to trap an α-imino rhodium carbene, which triggers a tandem process involving intermol. nucleophilic attack and intramol. S_N2 reaction. A series of 5-iodo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are obtained in high yield, and the synthetic utility of the products is demonstrated in cross-coupling reactions and the construction of biorelated polycyclic compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Synthetic Route of C10H14O4).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Synthetic Route of C10H14O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Continuous-Flow Synthesis of β-Ketoesters and Successive Reactions in One-Flow using Heterogeneous Catalysis was written by Kandasamy, Mohanraj;Ishitani, Haruro;Kobayashi, Shu. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2022.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

A continuous-flow procedure for the synthesis of β-keto esters R¹C(O)CH₂CO₂R² (R¹ = cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, n-nonyl, Ph, PhCH:CH, etc., R² = Et; R¹ = PhCH₂CH₂, R² = Et, i-Pr, t-Bu, Ph, PhCH₂) has been developed through Roskamp reaction between aldehydes R¹CHO and α-diazo esters N₂:CHCO₂R² in the presence of a Sn-MCM-41 catalyst. The viability of this methodol. was confirmed with a range of aldehydes and diazo esters and provided good to excellent yields. Catalyst activity was tested over three days (84 h) of operation, and the yield of the desired β-keto ester was maintained between 73 to 89%. The prepared β-keto esters were smoothly transformed into coumarin derivatives and 5-pyrazolone through condensation reactions in a sequential flow. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gelation kinetics of RAFT radical copolymerization of methacrylate and dimethacrylate was written by Yu, Qiang;Gan, Qian;Zhang, Hongwen;Zhu, Shiping. And the article was included in ACS Symposium Series in 2009.Name: Benzyl benzodithioate This article mentions the following:

The gelation kinetics and network development in the RAFT copolymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) Me ether methacrylate (OEGMEMA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (OEGDMA) were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, solvent extraction/swelling technique, and dynamic mech. anal. A significant autoacceleration was observed in the RAFT copolymerization processes. For the RAFT systems with 2.56, 5.26, 8.11, and 11.11 mol% OEGDMA, the vinyl conversions at the onset of autoacceleration were ∼26, 21, 17, and 15%, resp., very close to the corresponding microgel points. This suggested that the highly branched chains and gels restricted the mobilities of propagating radicals and RAFT-capped chains, resulting in the autoacceleration. The gelation behavior in the RAFT process was different from that in conventional free radical polymerization The slow chain growth in the RAFT process allowed sufficient chain relaxation and uniform distribution of reacting species, which reduced intramol. crosslinking and limited microgel formation. Increasing OEGDMA concentration level resulted in earlier gelation and faster network development, giving rise to network products with higher crosslinking densities, higher glass transition temperatures, and deteriorated structural homogeneities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Name: Benzyl benzodithioate).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Name: Benzyl benzodithioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An efficient synthesis of optically active α-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-aldehydes from α-amino acids was written by Fehrentz, Jean Alain;Castro, Bertrand. And the article was included in Synthesis in 1983.Application of 87694-53-9 This article mentions the following:

BocNHCHRCON(OMe)Me (I; Boc = Me₃CO₂C; R = Me, CH₂CHMe₂, CHMeEt, CHMe₂, CH₂Ph, CHMeOCH₂Ph) were reduced by LiAlH₄ to give BocNHCHRCH(OLi)N(OMe)Me, which were hydrolyzed in situ to give title aldehydes BocNHCHRCHO. I were prepared by condensing BocNHCHRCO₂H with HN(OMe)Me.HCl by BOP in CH₂Cl₂ containing Et₃N. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Application of 87694-53-9).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 87694-53-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Copper-Catalyzed Methyl Esterification Reactions via C-C Bond Cleavage was written by Zhu, Yan;Yan, Hong;Lu, Linhua;Liu, Defu;Rong, Guangwei;Mao, Jincheng. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2013.Recommanded Product: 2327-45-9 This article mentions the following:

The highly effective synthesis of Me esters from benzylic alcs., aldehydes, or acids via copper-catalyzed C-C cleavage from tert-Bu hydroperoxide is reported in this paper for the first time. Our protocol is easily accessible and practical, making it a possible supplement for the traditional way. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoate (cas: 2327-45-9Recommanded Product: 2327-45-9).

Methyl 5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoate (cas: 2327-45-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 2327-45-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reactions of vanillin and vanillal esters with 6-quinolylamine and phenidone was written by Gusak, K. N.;Kozlov, N. G.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of General Chemistry in 2005.Name: 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate This article mentions the following:

2-Alkoxy-4-(11-oxo-9-phenyl-7,8,9,10,11,12-hexahydrobenzo[b][4,7]phenanthrolin-12-yl)phenyl esters, e.g., I, were prepared by condensation of vanillin or vanillal alkanoates with 6-quinolylamine and Phenidone. According to the ¹H NMR spectra, the target products were formed as mixtures of diastereomers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4Name: 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate).

4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Name: 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

CrCl₂ mediated allylation of N-protected α-amino aldehydes. A versatile synthesis of polypeptides containing a hydroxyethylene isostere was written by Ciapetti, Paola;Taddei, Maurizio;Ulivi, Paola. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1994.Computed Properties of C16H24N2O4 This article mentions the following:

Substituted allylic bromides react with N-protected amino aldehydes to give intermediate products for the synthesis of hydroxyethylene dipeptide isosteres. The low stereoselectivity of this reaction can be improved using aldehydes protected with hindered groups. This reaction can be efficiently applied to oligopeptide aldehydes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Computed Properties of C16H24N2O4).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Computed Properties of C16H24N2O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gas chromatographic analysis of different homologous series of acids esterified in aqueous solutions with butyl and propyl alcohols was written by Molnar-Perl, I.;Pinter-Szakacs, M.;Morvai, M.;Fabian-Vonsik, V.. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography in 1988.Recommanded Product: 1190-39-2 This article mentions the following:

Fatty acids and aliphatic and aromatic di- and polycarboxylic acids were esterified with aliphatic alcs. in the presence of water and a mineral acid as catalyst. The efficiency of derivatization as well as the detector responses obtained with two alcs. are compared with each other to establish the optimum conditions for various series of acids. The molar ratios of water/alc. which yielded quant. esterifications are given, as is the maximum water content of the esterifying mixture permitted in order for esterification to proceed to completion. The optimum conditions for a reasonable ester yield in the presence of anhydrous Na₂SO₄ are also presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Recommanded Product: 1190-39-2).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: 1190-39-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preservation of the Conformational Structures of Single-Polymer Crystals in Solution was written by Itoh, Takahito;Suzuki, Tatsuya;Kondo, Fumiaki;Suzuki, Takumi;Uno, Takahiro;Kubo, Masataka;Tohnai, Norimitsu;Sanda, Fumio;Miyata, Mikiji. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.Computed Properties of C11H20O4 This article mentions the following:

We have found that the cis-conformational structures in single-polymer crystals obtained by solid-state polymerization are retained in solution A soluble alternating copolymer was accidentally obtained during our research employing a series of 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(alkoxycarbonyl)-p-quinodimethanes (1) with alkoxy groups such as methoxy(1a(Me)), ethoxy(1b(Et)), propoxy(1c(Pr)), isopropoxy(1d(iPr)), butoxy(1e(Bu)), isobutoxy(1f(iBu)), pentyloxy(1g(Pen)), hexyloxy(1h(Hex)), and dodecyloxy(1i(Dod)). Thus, 1a(Me), 1b(Et), 1c(Pr), 1e(Bu), and 1g(Pen) with linear alkoxy groups afforded 1:1 charge-transfer complex crystals with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (3), while 1d(iPr), 1f(iBu), 1h(Hex), and 1i(Dod) with branching or linear long-chain alkoxy groups did not. The former crystals topochem. underwent photochem. and thermal copolymerizations via a radical mechanism to yield cis-conformational alternating copolymer crystals according to X-ray crystallog. Attractively, the rates of thermal copolymerization were found to increase roughly with an increase in the chain length of the linear alkoxy groups and/or a decrease in the reacting exomethylene carbon distances between 1 and 3. This finding led us to carry out a spontaneous copolymerization of 1g(Pen) with 3 in solution, resulting in the first synthesis of a soluble alternating copolymer during our research. Spectral analyses of the soluble copolymer of 1g(Pen) with 3, together with geometry optimization and spectroscopic simulations, proved that the cis-conformational structure was retained in solution as well as in the solid state. This provides the first spectral observation of a cis-conformational structure in solution with respect to the alternating copolymers of the p-quinodimethane derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Computed Properties of C11H20O4).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Computed Properties of C11H20O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics