Month: January 2023

Pyrimidinyl Biphenylureas: Identification of New Lead Compounds as Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid Receptor CB₁ was written by Khurana, Leepakshi;Fu, Bo-Qiao;Duddupudi, Anantha L.;Liao, Yu-Hsien;Immadi, Sri Sujana;Kendall, Debra A.;Lu, Dai. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The allosteric modulator 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-(6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea (PSNCBAM-1, 2) bound the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB₁) and antagonized G protein coupling. This compound demonstrated potent anorectic effects similar to the CB₁ antagonist rimonabant that once was marketed for the treatment of obesity, suggesting a new chem. entity for the discovery of antiobesity drugs. To increase structural diversity of this class of CB₁ ligands, we designed and synthesized two classes of novel analogs, in which the pyridine ring of 2 was replaced by a pyrimidine ring. These pos. modulate the binding of the CB₁ orthosteric agonist CP55,940 while exhibiting an antagonism of G-protein coupling activity. Interestingly, compounds 7d and 8d demonstrated ERK1/2 phosphorylation mediated via β-arrestin unlike the orthosteric CP55,940 that does so in a G protein-dependent manner. These can serve as new lead compounds for the future development of CB₁ allosteric modulators that show biased agonism and potentially antiobesity behavior via a new mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil from the Roots of Tinomiscium petiolare was written by Chac, Le D.;Thinh, Bui B.;Doudkin, Roman V.;Minh Hong, Nguyen T.;Chinh, Hoang V.. And the article was included in Chemistry of Natural Compounds in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

Tinomiscium petiolare Hook. f. & Thomson is a medicinal species of the genus Tinomiscium (Menispermaceae). This species grows naturally in mixed forests at an altitude of 200 to 600 m in tropical Asian countries, including Vietnam. The literature search has not revealed any reports of the chem. composition and antifungal activity of the root oils of T. petiolare. The average yield of the essential oil was 0.05% ± 0.01 (v/w) calculated on a dry weight basis. In addition, significant quantities of γ-terpinene (5.50%), β-bisabolene (5.07%), geraniol (4.82%), geranyl acetate (4.70%), and (Z)-ligustilide (4.45%) were also present in the oil. This is to our knowledge the first report on the chem. composition of T. petiolare root oil. Results show that the root oil of T. petiolare inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger with an MIC value of 200 μ g/mL. The antifungal activity of essential oil can be explained by the presence of geranial and neral. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Role of Hydrogen Bonding on the Self-Organization of Phenyleneethynylenes on Surfaces was written by Zalake, Pratap;Thomas, K. George. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2013.Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5 This article mentions the following:

A series of carboxylic acid substituted phenyleneethynylenes, having a rigid backbone of 2.7 ± 0.1 nm, were synthesized by following the Heck-Cassar-Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling reaction. Hydrogen bonding, through the formation of cyclic dimers of carboxylic acid, is more preferred over catemeric structures in all the mol. systems under investigation. The formation of extended two-dimensional patterns on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface is dictated by the position as well as number of the carboxylic acid groups on the phenyleneethynylenes. Highly ordered extended arrangements, in the linear and stepwise fashion, were observed when the carboxylic acid groups are attached in the para and meta positions of phenyleneethynylenes. The vital role of the number of carboxylic acid on the organization of mols. is evident in the case of tetracarboxylic acid derivative wherein a Kagome-type structure was observed Further, the coassembly of two types of phenyleneethynylenes was achieved on HOPG surface through acid base interaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5).

Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Phthalates in House and Dormitory Dust: Occurrence, Human Exposure and Risk Assessment was written by Xu, Shen;Li, Chao. And the article was included in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology in 2021.Safety of Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

Phthalates are one of ubiquitous contaminants in the indoor environment. In this study, we analyzed concentrations and profiles of 9 phthalates in dust samples collected from houses and university dormitories in Nanjing, China. The total concentrations of phthalates in house and dormitory dust ranged from 111.4 to 3599.1μg/g and 86.1 to 1262.3μg/g, resp. Phthalates in house was significantly higher than that in dormitory dust (p < 0.01). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-Bu phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-Bu phthalate (DiBP) were the three predominant compounds and accounted for more than 98% of total phthalates in the two microenvironments. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of phthalates, carcinogenic risk (CR) of DEHP, and hazard index (HI) values of DEHP, DBP and DiBP were estimated Except for adults, the CR of DEHP for four subgroups (infants, toddlers, children, and teenagers) had exceeded the limitation, implying that they are at the risk of exposure to DEHP through dust ingestion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Safety of Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analysis of the essential oil composition of three cultivated Nepeta species from Iran was written by Amirmohammadi, Fatemeh Zahra;Azizi, Majid;Nemati, Seyyed Hossein;Iriti, Marcello;Vitalini, Sara. And the article was included in Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, C: Journal of Biosciences in 2020.Formula: C10H20O2 This article mentions the following:

Essential oils (EOs) of three Iranian cultivated Nepeta species were investigated. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried plant materials at full flowering stage and analyzed by gas chromatog. (GC) and gas chromatog. coupled to mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). In total, 89 compounds were detected. In over 2 years, a number of constituents were identified in the EO of Nepeta binaloudensis first and second years (26 and 37, resp.), Nepeta cataria (25 and 32, resp.), and Nepeta assurgens (45 and 50, resp.). In the oils of N. binaloudensis, 4a-α,7-α,7a-α-nepetalactone (NL) 59.7% and 1,8-cineole (19.6%) during the first and second years, resp., were the main constituents. The main components of N. cataria were 4a-α,7-α,7a-β-NL (72.8%) and 4a-α,7-β,7a-α-NL (73.9%) during the first and second years, resp., and 4a-α,7-α,7a-α-NL (55.5%) and 1,8-cineole (24.1%) during the first and second years, resp., were the main constituents of N. assurgens. The results showed that NLs isomers and 1,8-cineole were the main components of the oils of three cultivated Nepeta species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Formula: C10H20O2).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C10H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of fatty acids on the flavor formation of fish sauce was written by Ding, Anzi;Zhu, Meng;Qian, Xiaoqing;Shi, Liu;Huang, Huang;Xiong, Guangquan;Wang, Jun;Wang, Lan. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2020.COA of Formula: C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

An appropriate fish model helps track changes of lipid and fatty acid during fermentation Here we selected three freshwater fish (Culter alburnus, Carassius auratus and Ietalurus Punetaus) as the fermentative materials of fish sauce due to their significantly different contents of lipid and unsaturated fatty acid. The electronic nose showed that the flavor profiles of sauce samples prepared with different fish were dramatically different. A total of 71 volatile compounds of fish sauce were detected by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). Then nine key flavor compounds, including 3-methylbutanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-(methylthio)propanal, 1-octen-3-ol, phenylacetaldehyde, nonanal, di-Me trisulfide, decanal and hexanol, were screened based on odor activity values. According to correlation anal. between fatty acid profiles and fish sauce aroma, possible pathways of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) oxidation were suggested: oleic acid undergone the auto-oxidation to mainly form 10- hydroperoxide and 11- hydroperoxide, and (or) secondary form 8-hydroperoxide, then converted to nonanal, octanal and decanal; linoleic acid undergone the enzymic oxidation to form 10-L(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9, trans-11-octadecadieuoic acid, then converted to 1-octen-3-ol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9COA of Formula: C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation of malonic acid and its esters from carbon suboxide was written by Dashkevich, L. B.. And the article was included in Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR in 1960.Related Products of 1190-39-2 This article mentions the following:

Pyrolysis of Ac₂O solution of di-Et oxaloacetate best at 850-75° gave 45% C₃O₂. This passed into H₂O containing a trace of HCl gave 97% malonic acid. Similar reaction with ROH in the presence of a few drops of HCl gave the following malonates: di-Me, 96%; di-Et, 97%; di-Pr, 94%; di-Bu, 90%; dicyclohexyl, 61%; dibenzyl, 38%; diphenyl, 69%. The reaction was best run at 60-70°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Related Products of 1190-39-2).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Related Products of 1190-39-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemo-sensory characterization of aroma active compounds of native oak wood in relation to their geographical origins was written by Ghadiriasli, Rahil;Mahmoud, Mohamed A. A.;Wagenstaller, Maria;van de Kuilen, Jan-Willem;Buettner, Andrea. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2021.SDS of cas: 706-14-9 This article mentions the following:

Oak wood contains aroma-active compounds that contribute significantly to the chem. structure, olfactory and gustatory qualities of alc. beverages and vinegars as byproducts that have been either fermented and/or aged in oak barrels. The chem. composition of cooperage oak is highly variable, depending on the degree of toasting and natural seasoning. However, it is unclear whether the odor of oak varies according to different geog. regions and pedoclimatic conditions. Especially in view of the actual challenges in forestry in relation to climate change, the present study aimed at elucidating the odorous constituents of nine natural oak samples from Germany, Austria and Hungary with respect to these influencing parameters. The odor profiles of the oaks were compared, the potent odorants were determined, and selected odorants were quantified using stable isotope dilution assays (SIDA). The majority of the identified odorants in all samples were fatty acid degradation products, followed by a series of odorants with terpenoic structure and others resulting from the degradation of lignin. Several different odorants including 2-propenoic acid and cinnamaldehyde are reported here for the first time in oaks from different growth regions. Odor activity values (OAVs), calculated based on odor thresholds (OTs) in water, revealed hexanal, (E)-2-nonenal, (Z)-3-hexenal, eugenol, vanillin, and whiskey lactone as potent odorants for the oak odor. Principal component anal. of the data obtained from sensory evaluation, comparative aroma extract dilution anal. (cAEDA) and their corresponding quantified odorants showed that the highest separation rate was obtained for Hungarian oak, whereas Austrian and Bavarian oak samples were more similar. Recombination experiments by mixing the dominant odorants in their naturally occurring concentrations revealed a good agreement of the smell properties of the model mixture with the smell of the resp. original sample. These findings aim at evaluating and establishing a better understanding of the distinctive smell of oak wood and demonstrated the prospects of new oak sources. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9SDS of cas: 706-14-9).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.SDS of cas: 706-14-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines as isosteres of 2,2-dimethylchromans acting as inhibitors of insulin release and vascular smooth muscle relaxants was written by Pirotte, Bernard;Florence, Xavier;Goffin, Eric;Lebrun, Philippe. And the article was included in MedChemComm in 2019.Recommanded Product: 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate This article mentions the following:

The present study describes the synthesis and biol. evaluation of 4-phenylureido/thioureido-substituted 2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines I ( X = O, S; R¹,R³ = H, Cl, CN) as isosteres of corresponding 2,2-dimethylchromans reported to be pancreatic β-cell K_ATP channel openers. The benzoxazines were found to be less active as inhibitors of the glucose-induced insulin release than their corresponding chromans, while the myorelaxant activity of some 4-arylureido-substituted benzoxazines was more pronounced than that exhibited by their chroman counterparts. The myorelaxant activity of the most potent benzoxazine 8e was further characterized on rat aortic rings precontracted by 30 mM KCl in the presence of glibenclamide (10μM) or precontracted by 80 mM extracellular KCl. Our findings indicate that, on vascular smooth muscle cells, the benzoxazine 8e mainly behaved as a calcium entry blocker. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Recommanded Product: 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical constituents, biological activities and anti-rheumatoid arthritic properties of four citrus essential oils was written by Li, Chunlian;Zhu, Haiping;Zhao, Kai;Li, Xuetong;Tan, Zekai;Zhang, Weicheng;Cai, Qiuyang;Wu, Xianyi;Mo, Jinzhe;Zhang, Lanyue. And the article was included in Phytotherapy Research in 2022.Reference of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease with predominant synovitis that has no complete cure or preventive treatment. Citrus essential oils, used in natural fragrances, contain a variety of functional ingredients that are worthy of investigation for their potential as natural anti-inflammatory drug sources. In essential oils were hydro distilled from the peels of four citrus species: Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (CSEOs), Citrus paradisi Macfad. (CPEOs), Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (CLEOs) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CREOs). Altogether, 81 compounds were identified using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), of which d-limonene (17.96%-94.66%) was an abundant component of all four oils. The stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-pyrrole hydrazine (DPPH) free radical test showed that all four essential oils had excellent antioxidant properties (IC50, 0.76-13.86μg/mL). Furthermore, the oils remarkably increased the first G1 phase of the cell cycle, which inhibited the pro-inflammatory factor expression. An immunohistochem. anal. indicated that the four essential oils inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 and they exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in a rat model that was similar to that of the common drug, Ibuprofen. These show that the CSEOs, CPEOs, CLEOs, and CREOs have significant antirheumatic activities and thus have great potential in developing functional food or drugs for treating RA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Reference of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Reference of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics