Identification of Cytotoxic Flavor Chemicals in Top-Selling Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids was written by Hua, My;Omaiye, Esther E.;Luo, Wentai;McWhirter, Kevin J.;Pankow, James F.;Talbot, Prue. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:
We identified the most popular electronic cigarette (EC) refill fluids using an Internet survey and local and online sales information, quantified their flavor chems., and evaluated cytotoxicities of the fluids and flavor chems. “Berries/Fruits/Citrus” was the most popular EC refill fluid flavor category. Twenty popular EC refill fluids were purchased from local shops, and the ingredient flavor chems. were identified and quantified by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Total flavor chem. concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 27.9 mg/mL, and in 95% of the fluids, total flavor concentration was greater than nicotine concentration The 20 most popular refill fluids contained 99 quantifiable flavor chems.; each refill fluid contained 22 to 47 flavor chems., most being esters. Some chems. were found frequently, and several were present in most products. At a 1% concentration, 80% of the refill fluids were cytotoxic in the MTT assay. Six pure standards of the flavor chems. found at the highest concentrations in the two most cytotoxic refill fluids were effective in the MTT assay, and ethyl maltol, which was in over 50% of the products, was the most cytotoxic. These data show that the cytotoxicity of some popular refill fluids can be attributed to their high concentrations of flavor chems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1HPLC of Formula: 659-70-1).
Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.HPLC of Formula: 659-70-1
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics