Ren, Jinxuan published the artcileDimethyl itaconate inhibits neuroinflammation to alleviate chronic pain in mice, Product Details of C7H10O4, the publication is Neurochemistry International (2022), 105296, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.
The metabolite itaconate has both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, its influence on chronic pain is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that i.p. injection of the itaconate derivative di-Me itaconate (DI) alleviated chronic pain symptoms, such as allodynia and hyperalgesia, in spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and inflammatory pain models. Moreover, i.p. DI reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), spinal cord and hind paw tissues, suppressed the activation of macrophages in the DRG and glial cells in the spinal dorsal horn and decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the DRG and spinal cord. DI boosted nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels in the DRG and spinal cord of SNL mice. I.p. administration of the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 abolished the analgesic effect of DI and decreased the expression of Nrf2 in the DRG and spinal cord. Similarly, administration of DI potently reversed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory effect in microglia. Reduction of endogenous itaconate levels by pretreatment with immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) siRNA blocked Nrf2 expression, which impaired the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of DI in vitro. Therefore, our findings revealed for the first time that i.p. DI elicited anti-inflammatory effect and sustained chronic pain relief, which may be regarded as a promising therapeutic agent for chronic pain treatment.
Neurochemistry International published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Product Details of C7H10O4.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics