Naumov, Pance published the artcileStructure and Spectroscopy of Oxyluciferin, the Light Emitter of the Firefly Bioluminescence, Application In Synthesis of 19788-49-9, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2009), 131(32), 11590-11605, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.
The crystal structures of the pure, unsubstituted firefly emitter oxyluciferin (OxyLH2) and its 5-Me analog (MOxyLH2) were determined for the first time to reveal that both mols. exist as pure trans-enol forms, enol-OxyLH2 and enol-MOxyLH2, assembled as head-to-tail hydrogen-bonded dimers. Their steady-state absorption and emission spectra (in solution and in the solid state) and nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence decays (in solution) were recorded and assigned to the six possible trans chem. forms of the emitter and its anions. The spectra of the pure emitter were compared to its bioluminescence and fluorescence spectra when it is complexed with luciferase from the Japanese firefly (Luciola cruciata) and interpreted in terms of the intermol. interactions based on the structure of the emitter in the luciferase active site. The wavelengths of the emission spectral maxima of the six chem. forms of OxyLH2 are generally in good agreement with the theor. predicted energies of the S-S1 transitions and range from the blue to the red regions, while the resp. absorption maxima range from the UV to the green regions. It was confirmed that both neutral forms, phenol-enol and phenol-keto, are blue emitters, whereas the phenolate-enol form is yellow-green emitter. The phenol-enolate form, which probably only exists as a mixture with other species, and the phenolate-enolate dianion are yellow or orange emitters with close position of their emission bands. The phenolate-keto form always emits in the red region. The concentration ratio of the different chem. species in solutions of OxyLH2 is determined by several factors which affect the intricate triple chem. equilibrium, most notably the pH, solvent polarity, hydrogen bonding, presence of addnl. ions, and π-π stacking. Due to the stabilization of the enol group of the 4-hydroxythiazole ring by hydrogen bonding to the proximate adenosine monophosphate, which according to the d. functional calculations is similar to that due to the dimerization of two enol mols. observed in the crystal, the phenolate ion of the enol tautomer, which is the predominant ground-state species within the narrow pH interval 7.44-8.14 in buffered aqueous solutions, is the most probable emitter of the yellow-green bioluminescence common for most wild-type luciferases. This conclusion is supported by the bioluminescence/fluorescence spectra and the NMR data, as well the crystal structures of OxyLH2 and MOxyLH2, where the conjugated acid (phenol) of the emitter exists as pure enol tautomer.
Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 19788-49-9. 19788-49-9 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Thiol,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 2-mercaptopropanoate, and the molecular formula is C5H10O2S, Application In Synthesis of 19788-49-9.
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