Multistage fractionation of pine bark by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide was written by Barbini, Stefano;Jaxel, Julien;Karlstroem, Katarina;Rosenau, Thomas;Potthast, Antje. And the article was included in Bioresource Technology in 2021.Reference of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Multistage fractionation of pine bark was performed using subcritical and supercritical CO2 at increasing pressures and temperatures In total, seven fractions were collected, which demonstrated different enrichments of families of compounds In particular, subcritical CO2 yielded 41% of the total extract in which unsaturated fatty acids represented the most abundant family. The subsequent five supercritical steps increased the recovery of sterol esters, wax esters and resin acids at higher temperatures and pressures, reaching 80% of the total extractable mass. In the last step, using ethanol as a co-solvent, an addnl. 20% of extract was recovered, which was enriched with phenolics and glycerol. A full characterization of the extracts was accomplished by high-temperature GC-MS/FID using four internal standards, which were representative of the main classes of compounds contained in the pine bark extract This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Reference of 31566-31-1).
Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 31566-31-1
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics