Effect of Sr@ZnO nanoparticles and Ricinus communis biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on modified CRDI diesel engine characteristics was written by Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M.;Mujtaba, M. A.;Safaei, Mohammad Reza;Afzal, Asif;Dhana, Raju V.;Ahmed, Waqar;Banapurmath, N. R.;Hossain, Nazia;Bashir, Shahid;Badruddin, Irfan Anjum;Goodarzi, Marjan;Shahapurkar, Kiran;Taqui, Syed Noeman. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021.COA of Formula: C8H16O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The current study aims to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fueled by Ricinus communis biodiesel (RCME20), diesel (80%), and their blends with strontium-zinc oxide (Sr@ZnO) nanoparticle additives. The Sr@ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous precipitation of zinc acetate dehydrate and strontium nitrate. Several characterization tests were performed to study the morphol. and content of synthesized Sr@ZnO nanoparticles. The Sr@ZnO nanoparticles were steadily blended with RCME20-diesel fuel blend in mass fractions of 30, 60 and 90 ppm using a magnetic stirrer and ultrasonication process. For a long term stability of nanoparticles, Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant was added. The physicochem. properties of the fuel blends were measured using ASTM standards The CRDI engine was operated at two compression ratios 17.5 and 19.5, 1000 bar injection pressure, 23.5°BTDC injection timing and constant speed. For enhanced swirl and turbulence, and improved spray quality lateral swirl combustion chamber and 6-hole fuel injector were used. The compression ratio of 19.5 and 60 ppm of Sr@ZnO nano-additives showed overall enhancement in engine characteristics compared to RCME20 fuel. The engine characteristics such as BTE, HRR and cylinder pressure increased by 20.83%, 24.35% and 9.55%, and BSFC, ID, CD, smoke, CO, HC and CO2 reduced by 20.07%, 20.64%, 14.5%, 27.90%, 47.63%, 26.81%, and 34.9%, while slight increase in NOx for all nanofuel blends was observed This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0COA of Formula: C8H16O2).
Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C8H16O2
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics