Female sex pheromone release and the timing of male flight in the red bollworm Diparopsis castanea Hmps. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), measured by pheromone traps was written by Marks, R. J.. And the article was included in Bulletin of Entomological Research in 1976.COA of Formula: C14H24O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The female sex pheromone gland of D. castanea consists of modified intersegmental tissue between the 8th and 9th abdominal segments. Glands contain an average of 12.75 × 10-3 μg of pheromone consisting of 80.4% trans-9,11-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (range 72.7-86.7%) and 19.6% 11-dodecen-1-yl acetate (range 13.3-27.3%). Although no significant correlation exists between female body weight and pheromone content of the gland, the duration of sex pheromone release over the lifespan of a female is positively correlated with its weight on emergence. Six behavioral steps may be recognized in the precopulatory behavior of females, but the frequency and duration of sex pheromone release is strongly influenced by both temperature and light intensity. At 25° females typically call on ≥2 occasions for 41-50% of the night, calling commencing earlier at cool (13.4.degree.) temperatures than at moderate (19.4.degree.) or warm (25.0.degree.) temperatures Calling by mated females increases considerably from 4 to 5 nights after mating but is typically of shorter duration than for virgins. The dispersal flight of Diparopsis males in cotton crops commences almost immediately after sunset and before the end of dusk, with peak male catches in sex pheromone traps occurring earlier in the cooler months of May and June (20:00-2:00 hr) than in November (02:00-04:00 hr). The Diparopsis synthetic sex pheromone, dicastalure, traps a greater proportion of males and females both earlier and later in the night than virgin females and this timing advantage may be important in a pheromone control program based on disruption of communication between the sexes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (E)-Dodeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 50767-78-7COA of Formula: C14H24O2).
(E)-Dodeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 50767-78-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.COA of Formula: C14H24O2
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics