Membrane Potentials Trigger Molecular-Scale Rearrangements in the Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria was written by Khairalla, Bishoy;Brand, Izabella. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2022.Name: (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The structural complexity of the cell envelope of Gram-neg. bacteria limits the fabrication of realistic models of bacterial cell membranes. A vertical Langmuir-Blodgett withdrawing was used to deposit a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) monolayer on the Au(111) surface. The second leaflet composed of di[3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl]-lipid A (KLA) was deposited using Langmuir-Schaefer transfer. The use of an electrode material as a support for the POPE-KLA bilayer allowed electrochem. control of the membrane’s stability, compactness, and structure. Capacitance-potential curves showed a typical pattern for the supported lipid bilayers electrochem. characteristic. The min. membrane capacitance was ~4渭F cm-2 and did not change in the following desorption-adsorption cycles, indicating the presence of a stable bilayer structure with an asym. composition of both leaflets. However, at a mol. scale, as elucidated in spectroelectrochem. experiments, large differences in the response of both leaflets to elec. potentials were observed The acyl chains in POPE and KLA existed in a liquid state. The quant. anal. of the CH stretching modes indicated potential-driven reorientations in the hydrophobic fragment of the bilayer, already in the adsorbed state. To assign observed rearrangements to POPE and KLA lipids in both leaflets, per-deuterated d31-POPE was transferred into the inner leaflet. Since no potential-dependent changes of the CD2 stretching modes in the d31-POPE-KLA bilayer were observed, reorientations in the acyl chain region were assigned to the KLA mols. Mg2+ ions were bound to the polar head groups of KLA. The strength of electrostatic interactions in the polar head group region of KLA was dependent on the direction of the elec. field. At neg. elec. potentials, the binding of divalent cations weakened, which gave the KLA mols. increased orientational flexibility. This behavior in elec. fields is peculiar for the outer membrane and indicates that the microbial cell membranes have different electrochem. properties than phospholipid bilayers. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Name: (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate).
(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate
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