Selective glycerol esterification to monolaurate over ZrO2/MCM-41 catalysts prepared using impregnation and precipitation methods was written by Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi;Ghazali, Natasha;Hoo, Peng Yong;Basir, Nor Irwin. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Communications in 2022.Name: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:
In order to develop an active and selective catalyst for the selective esterification of glycerol with fatty acid to monoglycerides, zirconia was incorporated into mesoporous MCM-41 support using two methods, i.e., impregnation and precipitation The zirconia loading was varied between 10 and 30 weight % to demonstrate its effect on the properties and activity of the modified catalysts. The catalysts were then characterized by N2-adsorption surface anal., SEM/EDX, FTIR, and TGA. The catalytic activity was then demonstrated in the selective esterification of glycerol with either lauric or palmitic acid at 160掳C for 6 h with glycerol/fatty acid molar ratios of 1:1, 4:1, and 6:1 and catalyst loadings up to 5 weight %. Fatty acid conversion as well as monoglyceride selectivity and yield were monitored to measure the extent of reaction leading to the formation of the desired products. Correlations between the activity and the characteristics of the catalysts under various reaction conditions were successfully established. Relatively slower zirconia incorporation in the impregnation method caused more internal incorporation of the acidic component. MCM-41 catalyst with 30 weight % zirconia loading that was prepared by impregnation method with a surface area of 589 m2/g and an acid site concentration of 6.83渭mol/g showed a lauric acid conversion of 98.6% and a monolaurin selectivity of 57.2%. An increase in the molar ratio exceeding 4:1 did not bring about the desired effect due to the dilution effect of the limiting reactant. Lower activity was demonstrated by stearic acid due to its higher mol. size and viscosity to mainly affect the mass transfer during the reaction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Name: Glyceryl monostearate).
Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: Glyceryl monostearate
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics