On October 31, 2020, Maciuszek, Magdalena; Pijanowski, Lukasz; Pekala-Safinska, Agnieszka; Verburg-van Kemenade, B. M. Lidy; Chadzinska, Magdalena published an article.Application In Synthesis of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) The title of the article was 17β-Estradiol affects the innate immune response in common carp. And the article contained the following:
Abstract: Inflammation is the evolutionary conserved immune response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens or damaged cells. This multistep process acts by removing injurious stimuli and initiating the healing process. In the present work, we studied the immunoregulatory properties of 17β-estradiol (E2) in common carp. We determined the in vitro effects of E2 on the activity/polarization of macrophages and the in vivo effects during Aeromonas salmonicida-induced inflammation. In vitro, E2 reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediator genes but did not change the gene expression of the estrogen receptors and of aromatase CYP19. In contrast, in vivo in the head kidney of A. salmonicida-infected fish, E2-treated feeding induced an upregulation of gene expression of pro-inflammatory (il-12p35 and cxcb2) and anti-inflammatory (arginase 1, arginase 2, il-10, and mmp9) mediators. Moreover, in infected fish fed with E2-treated food, a higher gene expression of the estrogen receptors and of the aromatase CYP19 was found. Our results demonstrate that estrogens can modulate the carp innate immune response, though the in vitro and in vivo effects of this hormone are contrasting. This implies that estradiol not only induces a direct effect on macrophages but rather exerts immunomodulatory actions through indirect mechanisms involving other cellular targets. The experimental process involved the reaction of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)(cas: 2358-84-1).Application In Synthesis of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)
The Article related to innate immunity beta estradiol aeromonas infection cyprinus, bacterial infection, estrogens, fish, inflammation, macrophage polarization, Immunochemistry: Immunopathology and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)
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