In 2006,Rucklidge, Adam J.; Morris, George E.; Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.; Cole-Hamilton, David J. published 《The methoxycarbonylation of vinyl acetate catalyzed by palladium complexes of [1,2-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[di(tert-butyl)phosphine]》.Helvetica Chimica Acta published the findings.Name: Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate The information in the text is summarized as follows:
Palladium complexes of [1,2-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[di(tert-butyl)phosphine] (1) catalyze the methoxycarbonylation of vinyl acetate (= ethenyl acetate) in the presence of methanesulfonic acid. High selectivities to ester products can be obtained if free phosphine ligand is in excess over the amount of added acid. Selectivities to Me 2-acetoxypropanoate, a precursor to lactate esters, can be as high as 3.6:1 at low temperature and pressure. Replacing tBu by iPr groups leads to less-active catalysts and lower selectivities to the branched product. Replacing the phenylene moiety by a naphthalenediyl moiety also gives lower activity, but with similar selectivity to the phenylene-based analogs. Linear hydrocarbon-chain linkers as the backbone instead of the phenylenebis-(methylene) linker leads to poor catalysis, except for a propane-1,3-diyl linker, which gives good rates but poor branched selectivity. The effect of different reaction conditions on the catalysis is discussed. The syntheses of the new xylene-based diphosphines with one to four iPr groups replacing the tBu groups at the P-atoms of 1, based on 1,2- and 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene are also described. The crystal structure of rac-[1,2-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[(tert-butyl)isopropylphosphine]-borane is described. In addition to this study using Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate, there are many other studies that have used Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 6149-41-3Name: Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate) was used in this study.
Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 6149-41-3) belongs to esters with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate
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