《Modular and scalable synthesis of nematode pheromone ascarosides: implications in eliciting plant defense response》 was published in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2020. These research results belong to Ning, Shuai; Zhang, Lei; Ma, Jinjin; Chen, Lan; Zeng, Guangyao; Yang, Chao; Zhou, Yingjun; Guo, Xiaoli; Deng, Xu. Electric Literature of C4H8O3 The article mentions the following:
A highly efficient and modular synthesis of nematode pheromone ascarosides was developed, which highlights a 4-step scalable synthesis of the common intermediate I in 23% yield from com. available L-rhamnose by using ortho-esterification/benzylation/ortho-ester rearrangement as the key step. Six diverse ascarosides were synthesized accordingly. Notably, biol. investigations revealed that ascaroside II (n = 4) and ascaroside II (n = 8) treatment resulted in enhanced callose accumulation in Arabidopsis leaves. Ascaroside II (n = 8) also increased the expression of defense-related genes such as PR1, PDF1.2, LOX2 and AOS, which might contribute to the enhanced plant defense responses. This study not only allows a facile access to 1-O, 2-O, and 4-O substituted ascarosides, but also provides valuable insights into their biol. activities in inducing plant defense response, as well as their mode of action. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 6149-41-3Electric Literature of C4H8O3)
Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 6149-41-3) belongs to esters with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C4H8O3
Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics