Month: September 2022

HPLC of Formula: 124-06-1《Effect of purification methods on functional properties of sardine oil ethyl esters》 was published in 2022. The authors were Zhang, Mengna;Chen, Zhigang;Shen, Qing, and the article was included in《Journal of Food Processing and Preservation》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

In this study, four methods including urea complexation (UC), mol. distillation (MD), low-temperature crystallization (LTC), and Ag+ bonded to mercaptopropyl silica gel column chromatog. (AgMSG-CC) were adopted to purify eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from sardine oil Et esters (SOEEs). These methods were systematically compared in terms of physicochem. properties, fatty acid (FA) compositions, and volatile flavor compounds to evaluate the performance and find the superior among them. The AgMSG-CC method was superior in enhancing iodine value (IV) and reducing peroxide value (PV), enriching EPA and DHA from 31.63% to 92.19% and removing undesirable volatiles. Its mild exptl. conditions could avoid the degradation and geometrical isomerization of lipids, and the packed AgMSG column could be reused. Multivariate data anal. was applied to provide an integrated and holistic view of correlation coefficients between the samples and FA species. The results supported the critical role of AgMSG-CC method in purifying EPA and DHA. Finally, this method was validated to be accurate and sensitive in the purification of EPA and DHA from SOEEs. Practical applications : High quality of fish oil is related to its high content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and friendly aroma. However, enrichment methods about purifying fish oil affect the percentages of EPA and DHA, physicochem. indexes and the volatile flavor. In this study, the results demonstrated that Ag+ bonded to mercaptopropyl silica gel column chromatog. was the most effective to purify EPA and DHA as well as remove the undesirable odor volatiles. To complete the study, the researchers used Ethyl tetradecanoate (cas: 124-06-1) .

Ethyl tetradecanoate(cas: 124-06-1) is a labeled component from essential oil of natural hawthorn perfume. Also frequently used in cosmetics, soaps, and flavorings.HPLC of Formula: 124-06-1Ethyl myristate is a long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of myristic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Demiray, Hatice;Estep, Alden S.;Tabanca, Nurhayat;Becnel, James J.;Demirci, Betul published 《Chemical constituents from Rheum ribes shoots and its insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti》. The research results were published in《Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia》 in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Methyl oleate The article conveys some information:

A phytochem. investigation of hexane extract of Rheum ribes L., Polygonaceae, shoots was analyzed by gas chromatog. with flame ionization dection and mass specrometry and revealed seven components including Me hexadecanoate (Me palmitate) (2.4%), (Z)-9-Me octadecenoate (Me oleate) (2.9%), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Me octadecatrienoate (Me linolenate) (3.5%), 1-octadecanol (4.3%), (Z,Z)-9,12-Me octadecadienoate (Me linoleate) (5.7%), heptacosane (13.5%), and hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) (67.7%). The hexane extract was bioassayed for larvicidal and adult topical activity against an insecticide susceptible strain of Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito. Results demonstrated a 90% mortality against adults at 5μg/mosquito and first instar larvae at 1μg/μl. The major compound hexadecanoic acid showed 20% mortality at 6.25 ppm against adults whereas the compound provided 100% mortality at the highest screening dose of 1000 ppm against 1st instar larvae. The mosquitocidal activity of the analyzed plant material may be related to a specific combination of compounds present in the hexane extract Graphical abstract And Methyl oleate (cas: 112-62-9) was used in the research process.

Methyl oleate(cas: 112-62-9) is an intermediate for detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, stabilizers, textile treatments, plasticizers for duplicating inks, rubbers, waxes etc.Application In Synthesis of Methyl oleate It is also used in biochemical research as a chromatographic reference standard.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Related Products of 99-36-5In 2020, Larson, Nicholas R.;Zhang, Aijun;Feldlaufer, Mark F. published 《Fumigation activities of methyl benzoate and its derivatives against the common bed bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)》. 《Journal of Medical Entomology》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Common bed bug Cimex lectularius (L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) infestations are on the rise and due to the development of pesticide resistance they are becoming more difficult to control, affordably. We evaluated a naturally occurring compound Me benzoate (MB) and related analogs, previously reported to have insecticidal activity on several agricultural pests, for its fumigant action on the common bed bug, C. lectularius L. A discriminating concentration was used to determine the effectiveness of MB, and several of its analogs as fumigants in a laboratory assay. It was found that MB provided >90% control of adult bed bugs in this laboratory fumigant assay. The LC₅₀ values were calculated for MB against both a pyrethroid-susceptible and a pyrethroidresistant strain of common bed bugs. It was determined that both strains were susceptible in this laboratory assay. However, when MB was tested in a field-like assay and compared to a com. available bed bug control product, it was found to be significantly less effective compared to the com. product. Our study has found that while MB has the potential to be used as a bed bug control agent, refinements in the delivery system will be needed to increase efficacy under field-like conditions.Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) is a common ester.Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids.Related Products of 99-36-5 Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Name: Diethyl cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate《Preparation of hydantoins containing a cycloalkyl substituent》 was published in 1952. The authors were Henze, Henry R.;Gayler, Cecil Winston, and the article was included in《Journal of the American Chemical Society》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

(BrCH₂)₂CH₂ was converted in 56% yield to Br(CH₂)₃CN, b₅ 75°, b₇₅₄ 208°, n_D²⁵ 1.4752, d₄²⁵ 1.4810, and this further in 77% yield to CH₂.CH₂.CHCN (I), b₂₀ 35-9°, b₇₅₅ 133-5°, n_D²⁵ 1.4208, d₄²⁵ 0.9131. PhMgBr (from 32 g. PhBr) in Et₂O and 11 g. I yielded 15.7 g. (78.5%) CH₂.CH₂.CHCOPh (II), b₂₀ 125°, n_D²⁰ 1.5525, d₄²⁵ 1.1456. Similarly was prepared CH₂.CH₂.CHCO(CH₂)₂CHMe₂ (III), 68%, b₄ 69-70°, n_D²⁰ 1.4395, d₄²⁰ 0.8790; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, m. 95°. CH₂.(CH₂)₂.C(CO₂Et)₂, b₁₀ 106-7°, n_D²⁰ 1.4335, d₄²⁰ 1.0350, was prepared in 44% yield from (BrCH₂)₂CH₂, CH₂(CO₂Et)₂, and NaOEt, hydrolyzed with alc. KOH, and the dicarboxylic acid decarboxylated at 210° to give 68% CH₂.(CH₂)₂.CHCO₂H (IV), b₈ 88-90° b₇₅₄ 190°, n_D²⁰ 1.4400, d₄²⁰ 1.0470. IV treated with SOCl₂ yielded 85% CH₂.(CH₂)₂. CHCOCl (V), b₇₅₀ 137°. V gave with C₆H₆ and AlCl₃ 35-55% CH₂.(CH₂)₂.CHBz, (VI), b₈ 122-5°, b₇₅₀ 260-2°, n_D²⁰ 1.5415, d₄²⁰ 1.0467. AcNH₂ (100 g.), 0.14-0.3 mol. KCN in its own weight of H₂O, 0.1-0.2 mol. II, III, or VI, and 0.3-0.6 mol. (NH₄)₂CO.₃ heated 20 hrs. in a glass-lined steel bomb at 110-25° and the mixture cooled, diluted with 100-200 cc. H₂O, and acidified yielded the following 5,5-disubstituted hydantoins (substituents given): 56% CH₂.CH₂.CH, Ph, m. 211.5° (corrected); 15% CH₂.CH₂.CH, iso-Am, m. 176-7° (corrected); and 85% CH₂.(CH₂)₂.CH, Ph (VII), m. 234.5-5° (corrected), resp. Catalytic hydrogenation of VII with PtO in EtOH yielded 70% 5-cyclobutyl-5-cyclohexylhydantoin, m. 254-5° (corrected). AcNH₂ (175 g.), 27 g. 2-methylcyclopentyl Me ketone, 19.5 g. KCN, and 62 g. (NH₄)₂CO₃ heated 10 hrs. in a closed container at 110° and the product fractionally crystallized from Me₂CO yielded 9 g. (17%) trans-5-(2-methylcyclopentyl)-5-methylhydantoin (VIII), white plates, m. 228-30° (corrected), and 34% cis-isomer (IX) of VIII, white needles, m. 176-7° (corrected). In a similar run carried out in 50% EtOH at 65°, the yields of VIII and IX were 41% each. 2,3-dimethylcyclopentyl Me ketone was converted similarly in 50% EtOH medium to 62% 5-(2,3-dimethylcyclopentyl)-5-methylhydantoin, which was separated by fractionated crystallization into 2 isomers, m. 145-50° and 220-5°. And Diethyl cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate (cas: 3779-29-1) was used in the research process.

Diethyl cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate (cas:3779-29-1
) is a solid catalyst that can be used in the synthesis of alkylating agents. It is used in the manufacture of cyclopropyl ketones and has been shown to exhibit anticancer properties.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Multerer, Marie-Theres;Wendler, Martina;Ruther, Joachim published 《The biological significance of lipogenesis in Nasonia vitripennis》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences》. They have made some progress in their research.Related Products of 112-62-9 The article mentions the following:

Parasitic wasps have long been thought to be unable to synthesize fatty acids de novo, but recent 13C-labeling studies have challenged this view. It remained unclear, however, whether the reported biosynthesis rates are of biol. relevance. Here, we show in Nasonia vitripennis that ageing females with partly depleted lipid reserves produce biol. relevant amounts of fatty acids de novo. Females with varying oviposition history (0-48 h) prior to feeding 20% 13C-labeled glucose solution showed 13C-incorporation rates of (mean ± SEM) 30 ± 2%, 50 ±; 2%, 49 ±; 3% and 21 ± 2% in palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid, resp. The absolute amounts of fatty acids synthesized de novo across treatments corresponded to 28 ± 3 egg lipid equivalent Females incorporated de novo synthesized fatty acids into their eggs, and glucose-fed females laid more eggs than water-fed control females. The number of eggs laid prior to glucose feeding did not correlate with the degree of lipogenesis, but the amounts of de novo synthesized fatty acids correlated with constitutive (not synthesized de novo) fatty acids. Hence, glucose feeding has a twofold effect on the fatty acid status of N. vitripennis females by decelerating the catabolism of existing fat reserves and partially replenishing ebbing fat reserves by lipogenesis. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as Methyl oleate (cas: 112-62-9) .

Methyl oleate(cas: 112-62-9) is a fatty acid methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with methanol.Related Products of 112-62-9 It is also used in biochemical research as a chromatographic reference standard.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Janta, Pannipa;Pinyo, Duangkamol;Yodta, Yamonporn;Vasasiri, Porames;Weidenbach, Meinolf;Pursch, Matthias;Yang, Xiuhan;Kulsing, Chadin published 《A multi-location peak parking approach for calculation of second dimensional retention indices for improved volatile compound identification with cryogen-free comprehensive heart-cut two-dimensional gas chromatography》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Analytical Methods》. They have made some progress in their research.Reference of 1-Phenylethyl acetate The article mentions the following:

Comprehensive heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatog. (CH/C MDGC) without a cryogenic trapping device was developed with an established approach for calculation of first and second dimensional retention indexes (1I and 2I) for improved compound identification. A first dimensional (1D) DB-1MS column (60 m) and a second dimensional (2D) DB-WAX column (60 m) were applied with a Deans switch (DS) using a constant H/C window of 0.2 min and a periodic multiple heartcut strategy comprising 225H/C throughout the CH/C. 1I was calculated based on comparison of the middle of the heartcut time with the alkane retention times on the 1D column. A multi-location peak parking approach using sixteen sets of automated injections of alkane references was also established with the least square curve fitting method for construction of the alkane isovolatility curves which were applied for 2I calculation The untargeted compound anal. of a perfume sample was then performed according to comparison with the libraries of mass spectra, 1I and 2I. The CH/C MDGC system with a 25 h anal. time showed a peak capacity (nc) of 9198 and 128 separated peaks with 71 compounds successfully identified according to MS, 1I and 2I library match under the established error approximation criteria. Furthermore, relationship between the anal. time and number of separated peaks was proposed based on the set of 84 identifiable compounds With the compensation of lower separation performance and greater I errors, the anal. time could be reduced by applying a 2.5 min H/C window with a total anal. time of 2 h and nc of 1134.1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. Reference of 1-Phenylethyl acetate It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

COA of Formula: C9H10O2《Umpolung α-Silylation of Cyclopropyl Acetates via Low-Temperature Catalytic C-C Activation》 was published in 2019. The authors were Avullala, Thirupataiah;Asgari, Parham;Hua, Yuanda;Bokka, Apparao;Ridlen, Shawn G.;Yum, Kyungsuk;Dias, H. V. Rasika;Jeon, Junha, and the article was included in《ACS Catalysis》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

The authors report a redox-neutral, catalytic C-C activation of cyclopropyl acetates to produce Si-containing five-membered heterocycles in a highly regio- and chemoselective fashion. The umpolung α-selective silylation leading to dioxasilolanes is opposed to contemporary β-selective C-C functionalization protocols of cyclopropanols. Lewis base activation of dioxasilolanes as α-silyl carbinol equivalent undergoes the unconventional [1,2]-Brook rearrangement to form tertiary alcs. Notably, mechanistic studies indicate that an electrophilic metal-π interaction harnessing highly fluorinated Tp(CF₃)₂Rh(nbd) catalyst permitted a low temperature C-C activation. To complete the study, the researchers used Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) .

Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) is a common ester. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. Several billion kilograms of polyesters are produced industrially annually, important products being polyethylene terephthalate, acrylate esters, and cellulose acetate.COA of Formula: C9H10O2

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

SDS of cas: 4707-47-5In 2017, Ismed, Friardi;Lohezic-Le Devehat, Francoise;Rouaud, Isabelle;Ferron, Solenn;Bakhtiar, Amri;Boustie, Joel published 《NMR reassignment of stictic acid isolated from a Sumatran lichen Stereocaulon montagneanum (Stereocaulaceae) with superoxide anion scavenging activities》. 《Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, C: Journal of Biosciences》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

The phytochem. study of Stereocaulon montagneanum harvested in Sumatra (Indonesia) led to the isolation of 11 known compounds including two metabolites not previously described in the genus Stereocaulon, peristictic acid (8) and menegazziaic acid (10). The complete ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral assignments of stictic acid derivatives are reported with some revisions. Five depsidones belonging to the stictic acid chemosyndrome were superoxide anion scavengers as potent as ascorbic acid and with no toxicity on two human cell lines.Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.SDS of cas: 4707-47-5

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Feng, Yan;Chen, Jian;Zhang, Aijun published 《Commercially Available Natural Benzyl Esters and Their Synthetic Analogs Exhibit Different Toxicities against Insect Pests》 in 2018. The article was appeared in 《Scientific Reports》. They have made some progress in their research.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 3-methylbenzoate The article mentions the following:

Benzyl Me ester, also known as Me benzoate (MB), is a volatile organic compound that exists naturally as a floral fragrance in many plants. Our behavioral bioassays show that MB and some of its naturally occurring and synthetic analogs kill insects at different life stages. Compared to com. pesticides containing pyriproxyfen and acetamiprid, MB and some analogs are 1.3 to 3.4 times more toxic to gypsy moth larvae and brown marmorated stinkbug nymphs. The arthropod repellent DEET is also a benzyl ester, and shares the same chem. skeleton with MB. They differ by the diethylamide ester and a Me group on the benzene ring in DEET. However, unlike MB, DEET does not kill insects; instead, it deters or repels them. Exactly how DEET causes the repellent effect in target organisms is still a mystery. Due to the MB’s structural similarity to DEET, exploring the structure – activity relationship (SAR) of the MB analogs will provide useful information for the discovery of the mode and mechanistic actions of DEET as an insect repellent. In addition, the SAR will allow researchers to modify the chem. structure of the MB mol., leading to the development of more efficient, safe, and environmentally – friendly green pesticides. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) .

Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) is a common ester.Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 3-methylbenzoate Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Category: esters-buliding-blocks《Electrochemical Tandem Olefination and Hydrogenation Reaction with Ammonia》 was published in 2021. The authors were Zhang, Xiaofeng;Jiang, Runze;Cheng, Xu, and the article was included in《Journal of Organic Chemistry》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

An electrochem. Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons/hydrogenation tandem reaction was achieved using ammonia as electron and proton donors. The reaction could give two-carbon-elongated ester and nitrile from aldehyde or ketones directly. This reaction could proceed with a catalytic amount of base or even without a base. The ammonia provides both the electron and proton for this tandem reaction and enables the catalyst-free hydrogenation of an α,β-unsaturated HWE intermediate. More than 40 examples were reported, and functional groups, including heterocycles and hydroxyl, were tolerated.Ethyl tetradecanoate (cas: 124-06-1) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Ethyl tetradecanoate(cas: 124-06-1) is a labeled component from essential oil of natural hawthorn perfume. Also frequently used in cosmetics, soaps, and flavorings.Category: esters-buliding-blocksEthyl myristate is a long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of myristic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics