Month: September 2022

Ojima, Fumihiro;Osa, Tetsuo published 《Perkin-Markovnikov type reaction initiated with electrogenerated superoxide ion》 in 1989. The article was appeared in 《Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan》. They have made some progress in their research.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The article mentions the following:

The cyclic condensation of active methylene compounds such as di-Et malonate, di-Me malonate, Et acetoacetate or acetylacetone and dibromoalkanes such as 1,2-dibromobutane, or 1,4-dibromopentane with electrogenerated superoxide ion was studied electrochem. in DMF using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and controlled potential macroelectrolysis. The CV shows that electrogenerated superoxide ion reacts with both active methylene compounds and dibromoalkanes in the dissolved oxygen medium. Controlled potential macroelectrolysis of the above components generally yielded cycloalkanes as the main products. In comparison, the chem. method using sodium ethoxide was also carried out. Two reaction mechanisms via the proton abstraction of active methylene compds, with electrogenerated superoxide ion and via the nucleophilic attack of the superoxide ion on dibromoalkanes are presented. To complete the study, the researchers used Diethyl cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate (cas: 3779-29-1) .

Diethyl 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate(cas:3779-29-1 Category: esters-buliding-blocks) reacts with silicon to form diethyl esters and magnesium to form magnesium salts. The reaction time for this compound is short, which may be due to its ability to undergo debromination.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quality Control of Methyl 3-methylbenzoate《Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of N-Acyl Amidines via Acyl Nitrenes》 was published in 2019. The authors were van Vliet, Kaj M.;Polak, Lara H.;Siegler, Maxime A.;van der Vlugt, Jarl Ivar;Guerra, Celia Fonseca;de Bruin, Bas, and the article was included in《Journal of the American Chemical Society》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Direct synthetic routes to amidines are desired, as they are widely present in many biol. active compounds and organometallic complexes. N-Acyl amidines in particular can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of heterocycles and have several other applications. Here, we describe a fast and practical copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of aryl acetylenes, amines, and easily accessible 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones to N-acyl amidines, generating CO₂ as the only byproduct. Transformation of the dioxazolones on the Cu catalyst generates acyl nitrenes that rapidly insert into the copper acetylide Cu-C bond rather than undergoing an undesired Curtius rearrangement. For nonaromatic dioxazolones, [Cu(OAc)(Xantphos)] is a superior catalyst for this transformation, leading to full substrate conversion within 10 min. For the direct synthesis of N-benzoyl amidine derivatives from aromatic dioxazolones, [Cu(OAc)(Xantphos)] proved to be inactive, but moderate to good yields were obtained when using simple copper(I) iodide (CuI) as the catalyst. Mechanistic studies revealed the aerobic instability of one of the intermediates at low catalyst loadings, but the reaction could still be performed in air for most substrates when using catalyst loadings of 5 mol %. The herein reported procedure not only provides a new, practical, and direct route to N-acyl amidines but also represents a new type of C-N bond formation. And Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) was used in the research process.

Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) is a common ester.Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids.Quality Control of Methyl 3-methylbenzoate Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application of 124-06-1《Flavor compounds with high odor activity values (OAV > 1) dominate the aroma of aged Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu) by molecular association》 was published in 2022. The authors were Yang, Yijin;Ai, Lianzhong;Mu, Zhiyong;Liu, Haodong;Yan, Xin;Ni, Li;Zhang, Hui;Xia, Yongjun, and the article was included in《Food Chemistry》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Aging is an essential operation to perfect the flavor quality of Hungjiu. In this study, formation mechanism of flavor compounds responsible for the characteristic flavor of aged Huangjiu was investigated. The contents of umami and bitter free amino acids (FAA) increased with the storage period prolonged, while that of sweet FAA showed downward trend. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry and principal component anal. indicated that the volatile flavor compounds with OAV exceed 1, especially middle-chain fatty-acid-ethyl-esters and aromatic compounds, dominated the characteristic flavor of aged Huangjiu. Low field-NMR was firstly applied to characterize the mol. association between water and dissolved flavor compounds in aged Huangjiu. The results showed that basic amino acids contributed greatly to the flavor formation of aged Huangjiu via mol. association In addition, the mol. association significantly promoted the accumulation of flavor compounds with OAV > 1, especially Et esters.Ethyl tetradecanoate (cas: 124-06-1) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Ethyl tetradecanoate(cas: 124-06-1) is a labeled component from essential oil of natural hawthorn perfume. Also frequently used in cosmetics, soaps, and flavorings.Application of 124-06-1Ethyl myristate is a long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of myristic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety of Ethyl tetradecanoateIn 2022, Zou, Yuke;Zhong, Yixin;Huang, Lihui;Xu, Wei;Wu, Yanping;Gao, Jia;Zhong, Kai;Gao, Hong published 《Effects of brown sugar addition and fermentation time on metabolites and microbial communities of Yibin Yacai》. 《LWT–Food Science and Technology》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Yibin Yacai is one of the most popular pickled vegetables in Sichuan made from special local stem mustard via spontaneous fermentation The final quality of the Yibin Yacai product depends on every manufacturing process that affects the microbial communities during fermentation In this study, the effects of brown sugar addition and fermentation time on physicochem. quality, flavor, and microbial communities of Yibin Yacai under five different fermentation conditions were investigated. The brown sugar addition can effectively increase the activities of microorganisms such as Lactobacillus and Debaryomyces, resulting in an increase in lactic acid content, sweet amino acids and umami amino acids. Furthermore, fermentation time plays a critical role in determining their physicochem. quality and flavor. The Yibin Yacai samples fermented for 5 years present the highest content of reducing sugar, amino acid nitrogen, esters, aldehydes, and olefins, while having the lowest salinity. These results indicate that the brown sugar addition and fermentation time could significantly influence the physicochem. and flavor qualities of the Yibin Yacai by tuning microbial communities during fermentation These findings reveal the importance of controlling manufacturing processes for traditionally fermented Yibin Yacai and provide a new perspective on the technol. innovation of fermented Yibin Yacai. And Ethyl tetradecanoate (cas: 124-06-1) was used in the research process.

Ethyl tetradecanoate(cas: 124-06-1) is a labeled component from essential oil of natural hawthorn perfume. Also frequently used in cosmetics, soaps, and flavorings.Safety of Ethyl tetradecanoateEthyl myristate is a long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of myristic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stupak, Michal;Goodall, Ian;Tomaniova, Monika;Pulkrabova, Jana;Hajslova, Jana published 《A novel approach to assess the quality and authenticity of Scotch Whisky based on gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry》 in 2018. The article was appeared in 《Analytica Chimica Acta》. They have made some progress in their research.COA of Formula: C10H12O2 The article mentions the following:

Whisky is one of the most popular spirit drinks in the world. Unfortunately, this highly valued commodity is vulnerable to fraud. To detect fraudulent practices and document quality parameters, a number of laboratory tests based on various principles including chromatog. and spectroscopy have been developed. In most cases, the anal. methods are based on targeted screening strategies. Non-targeted screening (metabolomics fingerprinting) of (semi)volatile substances was used in our study. Following the pre-concentration of these compounds, either by solid phase microextraction (SPME) or by Et acetate extraction, gas chromatog. (GC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF mass analyzer) was employed. Unsupervised principal component anal. (PCA) and supervised partial least squares discriminant anal. (PLS-DA) were used for evaluation of data obtained by anal. of a unique set of 171 authentic whisky samples provided by the Scotch Whisky Research Institute. Very good separation of malt whiskies according to the type of cask in which they were matured (bourbon vs. bourbon and wine) was achieved, and significant ‘markers’ for bourbon and wine cask maturation, such as N-(3-methylbutyl) acetamide and 5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid, were identified. Subsequently, the unique sample set was used to construct a statistical model for distinguishing malt and blended whiskies. In the final phase, 20 fake samples were analyzed and the data processed in the same way. Some differences could be observed in the (semi)volatile profiles of authentic and fake samples. Employing the statistical model developed by PLS-DA for this purpose, marker compounds that pos. distinguish fake samples were identified. To complete the study, the researchers used 1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) .

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. COA of Formula: C10H12O2 It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HPLC of Formula: 106-02-5《Synthesis of 23-, 25-, 27-, and 29-Membered (Z)-Selective Unsaturated and Saturated Macrocyclic Lactones from 16- and 17-Membered Macrocyclic Lactones and Bromoalcohols by Wittig Reaction, Yamaguchi Macrolactonization, and Photoinduced Decarboxylative Radical Macrolactonization》 was published in 2019. The authors were Iwasaki, Tomoya;Tajimi, Yuka;Kameda, Kenta;Kingwell, Callum;Wcislo, William;Osaka, Kazuyuki;Yamawaki, Mugen;Morita, Toshio;Yoshimi, Yasuharu, and the article was included in《Journal of Organic Chemistry》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

A new strategy for the synthesis of 23-, 25-, 27-, and 29-membered (Z)-selective unsaturated and saturated macrocyclic lactones from com. available 16- and 17-membered macrocyclic lactones and bromoalcs. by Wittig reaction, Yamaguchi macrolactonization, and photoinduced decarboxylative radical macrolactonization is described. The position of the unsaturated part in the macrocyclic lactones can be controlled by changing the number of carbons in the starting materials. This protocol can provide facile access to the desired large-ring (Z)-selective unsaturated and saturated macrocyclic lactones from simple starting materials.Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one (cas: 106-02-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one(cas:106-02-5) is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica and Angelica archangelica.HPLC of Formula: 106-02-5 It is a macrocyclic lactone that can be used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient due to its musk flavor/odor.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yao, Di;Ma, Lixue;Wu, Mengna;Wang, Xiaoyu;Xu, Lei;Yu, Qiaoru;Wang, Changyuan published 《Effect of microbial communities on the quality characteristics of northeast soybean paste: Correlation between microorganisms and metabolites》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《LWT–Food Science and Technology》. They have made some progress in their research.HPLC of Formula: 124-06-1 The article mentions the following:

To systematically explore the impact of microbial community composition on the quality characteristics of northeast soybean paste, the microbial community structure was determined by high-throughput sequencing technol. and the flavor substance, free amino acid (FAA) and biogenic amine (BA) contents were determined by HS-SPME-GC-MS and HPLC. Furthermore, the correlation between microorganisms and metabolites was investigated. The results indicated that the core bacteria mainly included Tetragenococcus, Bacillus and Lactobacillus; Candida_f__norank, Wickerhamomyces and Aspergillus were the dominant fungi. A total of 139 flavor compounds were detected in all samples, and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, isoamyl phenylacetate and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane accounted for the highest proportion. A total of 24 FAAs were detected in the soybean paste. Pantoea, Kroppenstedtia and Kocuria were significantly pos. correlated with most FAAs (p < 0.05). Addnl. 5 BAs were detected in the soybean paste, and the contents of BAs in Y4 were highest, which was affected by different microbes. This study provided relevant information for the microbial community composition and metabolites of northeast soybean paste, which was of great significance for understanding the characteristics and safety of soybean paste.Ethyl tetradecanoate (cas: 124-06-1) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Ethyl tetradecanoate(cas: 124-06-1) is a natural product found in Psidium guajava, Litchi chinensis, and other organisms.HPLC of Formula: 124-06-1Ethyl myristate is a long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of myristic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oettl, Sarah K.;Hubert, Jane;Nuzillard, Jean-Marc;Stuppner, Hermann;Renault, Jean-Hugues;Rollinger, Judith M. published 《Dereplication of depsides from the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea by centrifugal partition chromatography combined to ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance pattern recognition》 in 2014. The article was appeared in 《Analytica Chimica Acta》. They have made some progress in their research.Computed Properties of C10H12O4 The article mentions the following:

Lichens produce a diversity of secondary metabolites, among them depsides comprised of two or more hydroxybenzoic acid units linked by ester, ether, or C-C-bonds. During classic solid support-based purification processes, depsides are often hydrolyzed and in many cases time, consuming procedures result only in the isolation of decomposition products. In an attempt to avoid extensive purification steps while maintaining metabolite structure integrity, we propose an alternative method to identify the major depsides of a lichen crude extract (Pseudevernia furfuracea var. ceratea (Ach.) D.Hawksw., Parmeliaceae) directly within mixturesExploiting the acidic character of depsides and differences in polarity, the extract was fractionated by centrifugal partition chromatog. in the pH-zone refining mode resulting in twelve simplified mixtures of depsides. After ¹³C NMR anal. of the produced fractions, the major mol. structures were directly identified within the fraction series by using a recently developed pattern recognition method, which combines spectral data alignment and hierarchical clustering anal. The obtained clusters of ¹³C chem. shifts were assigned to their corresponding mol. structures with the help of an inhouse ¹³C NMR chem. shift database, resulting in six unambiguously identified compounds, namely Me β-orcinolcarboxylate (1), atranorin (2), 5-chloroatranorin (3), olivetol carboxylic acid (4), olivetoric acid (5), and olivetonide (6). And Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) was used in the research process.

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.Computed Properties of C10H12O4

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HPLC of Formula: 99-36-5《Cerium(III) triflate-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction in aqueous conditions to substituted naphthotriazolediones》 was published in 2022. The authors were Li, Ya-Syuan;Liang, Chien-Fu, and the article was included in《Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Weinheim, Germany)》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

In this study, the cerium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate-catalyzed cycloaddition of 1,4-naphthoquinone with functionalized azides in aqueous solutions was used to synthesize naphtho[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazole-4,9-dione derivatives Moreover, this method boasts scalability and completes the synthesis of two key biol. compounds This method’s advantages are environmentally friendly reaction conditions, easy applicability in large-scale operations, broad structurally diverse products produced in high yields and the recyclability of catalysts. To complete the study, the researchers used Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) .

Methyl 3-methylbenzoate (cas: 99-36-5) is a common ester. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. Several billion kilograms of polyesters are produced industrially annually, important products being polyethylene terephthalate, acrylate esters, and cellulose acetate.HPLC of Formula: 99-36-5

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics