Month: September 2022

Application of 93-92-5《The characterization of flavored hookahs aroma profile and in response to heating as analyzed via headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and chemometrics》 was published in 2018. The authors were Farag, Mohamed A.;Elmassry, Moamen M.;El-Ahmady, Sherweit H., and the article was included in《Scientific Reports》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Flavors profiling in flavored hookah tobacco is an issue of increasing scrutiny for the health sector owing to its adverse effects on humans, especially being heated to produce smoke. This study aims at tackling the components involved in the flavored hookah tobacco from a chem. and biol. point of view. Detecting individual flavor compounds, within a complex hookah tobacco matrix was accomplished using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME). A total of 114 volatiles were identified in 13 flavored hookah tobacco products, with esters amounting for the major component up to 40%. Whereas oxygenated monoterpenes presented another major volatile class, contributing up to 23%, including (E)-anethole. Superheating flavored hookah tobacco at 190°C resulted in the release of a mixture of phenol derivatives and polycyclic aromatic compounds that are indicative of coal tar, a major component produced during hookah tobacco usage with potential health hazards. This study provides the first comprehensive volatile profile of hookah tobacco products from different origins identifying chem. components involved in flavors. It is expected to serve as informative grounds for the better understanding of hookah tobacco production and usage. The information presented is also expected to raise awareness on the health risks of hookah tobacco smoking. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) .

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. Application of 93-92-5 It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Related Products of 106-02-5In 2022, Kazemi Targhi, Negar;Tavakoli, Omid;Nazemi, Ali Hekmat published 《Co-pyrolysis of lentil husk wastes and Chlorella vulgaris: Bio-oil and biochar yields optimization》. 《Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

The ever-increasing demand for fossil fuels has led to environmental issues and depletion of energy resources, as a consequence, a growing interest in biomass as a promising renewable and sustainable feedstock for biofuels production is developing. In this work, lentil husks (agricultural wastes) and Chlorella vulgaris (microalgae) were selected to investigate their interaction during co-pyrolysis process. Using a response surface methodol. (RSM), a series of experiments were designed and carried out in a fixed bed reactor varying the temperature of 400-600°;C, heating rate of 5-25°;C/min and algae to husk blend ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 wt% at constant flow rate of argon carrier gas, 0.4 L min-1. The yield of Bio-oil and biochar as co-pyrolysis products were studied both quant. and qual. The results unraveled a significant improvement on bio-oil yield by addition of C. vulgaris to lentil husk. Bio-oil yield increased from 13.8% to 20.8% by increasing algae content from 0% to 100% (T = 500°;C, HR = 15°;C min-1). While at T = 600°;C, the gas yield increased to 40.15%. and lower temperature (400°;C), favored biochar formation (39.5%), finally optimization results could lead to bio-oil yield of 18% (T = 479°;C, HR = of 16°;C min-1, R = 54%). The quality of the product at optimized level was featured by a rise in the carbon and a decrease in the oxygen content of bio-oil, and a bio-oil with improved higher heating value was obtained. The results of volatile products analyzed by Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showing that, the co-pyrolytic oil was rich in alkanes and aromatics compounds Synergistical interactions between C. vulgaris and lentil husk, showed that alcs., ketones and esters went through a remarkable reduction and phenols formation as valuable chem. compounds was improved. To complete the study, the researchers used Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one (cas: 106-02-5) .

Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one(cas:106-02-5) is a monomer used to make PGA-co-pentadecalactone polymers to be used in the development of directly compressed prolonged release tablets of slightly soluble drugs such as ketoprofen.Related Products of 106-02-5It may be used for the synthesis of poly(pentadecanolide) (PPDL) by Novozyme 435 catalyzed ring-opening polymerization.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rakkan, Thanaphorn;Chana, Netnapa;Chirapongsatonkul, Nion;U-taynapun, Kittichon;Sangkharak, Kanokphorn published 《Screening and Identification of Newly Isolated Basic Red 9-Degrading Bacteria from Textile Wastewater and Their Ability to Produce Medium-Co-Long-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》. They have made some progress in their research.SDS of cas: 112-62-9 The article mentions the following:

Newly isolated Basic Red 9-degrading bacteria were isolated from textile wastewater using a pretreatment method. Nine strains were isolated; however, only five strains accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Thereafter, PHA-producing strains were identified through 16S rDNA sequencing anal. and phylogenetic evaluation and were found to belong to Enterobacter with 100% identification. The five isolated strains were incubated with a PHAs-producing medium containing 100 mg/l Basic Red 9 (BR9) to study decolorization efficiency, and PHAs production Enterobacter sp. strains TS3 and TS1L effectively decolorized the BR9 dye with degradation rates of 63.43% and 79.15%, resp. PHAs production from TS3 and TS1L was also observed to be 75.34% and 72.32% of dry cell weight (DCW), resp. Furthermore, Enterobacter sp. strains TS3 and TS1L accumulated medium-co-long-chain-length PHAs (mcl-co-lcl PHAs). This is the first report using Enterobacter strains to degrade BR9 dyes from textile wastewater and to assess their ability to produce mcl-co-lcl PHAs. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as Methyl oleate (cas: 112-62-9) .

Methyl oleate(cas: 112-62-9) is a fatty acid methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with methanol.SDS of cas: 112-62-9 Methyl oleate(cas: 112-62-9) is an intermediate for detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, stabilizers, textile treatments, plasticizers for duplicating inks, rubbers, waxes etc.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Deng, Yifan;Zou, Yike;Yang, Chia-Ping H.;Houk, K. N.;Smith, Amos B. III published 《Total Syntheses of (+)-Peniciketals A-B and (-)-Diocollettines A Exploiting a Photoisomerization/Cyclization Union Protocol》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Organic Chemistry》. They have made some progress in their research.Product Details of 4707-47-5 The article mentions the following:

A late-stage photoisomerization/cyclization union tactic, in conjunction with Type I Anion Relay Chem. (ARC), permits enantioselective total syntheses and then biol. evaluation of (+)-peniciketals A (I) and B (II). The photochem. protocol was further showcased by an efficient three-step construction of the architecturally complex polycyclic skeleton found in (-)-diocollettine A (III). The mechanism and diastereoselectivity of the photochem. protocol have also been explored by both experiment and d. functional theory calculations To complete the study, the researchers used Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) .

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.Product Details of 4707-47-5

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application In Synthesis of 1-Phenylethyl acetate《CO₂-expanded bio-based liquids as novel solvents for enantioselective biocatalysis》 was published in 2017. The authors were Hoang, Hai Nam;Nagashima, Yoshihiro;Mori, Shuichi;Kagechika, Hiroyuki;Matsuda, Tomoko, and the article was included in《Tetrahedron》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

For the first time, CO₂-expanded bio-based liquids were reported as novel and sustainable solvents for biocatalysis. Herein, it was found that by expansion with CO₂, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), and other bio-based liquids, which were not favorable solvents for immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) catalyzed transesterification, were tuned into excellent reaction media. Especially, for the kinetic resolution of challenging bulky secondary substrates such as rac-1-adamantylethanol, the lipase displayed very high activity with excellent enantioselectivity (E value > 200) in CO₂-expanded MeTHF (MeTHF concentration 10% volume/volume, 6 MPa), whereas there was almost no activity observed in conventional organic solvents. To complete the study, the researchers used 1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) .

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. Application In Synthesis of 1-Phenylethyl acetate It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cetti, Jonathan;Eike, David;Ferrero Vallana, Federico M.;Gunaratne, H. Q. Nimal;Holland, Lynette A. M.;Puga, Alberto V.;Seddon, Kenneth R.;Todini, Oreste published 《Modeling the Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of Ionic Liquids Containing Perfume Raw Materials》 in 2017. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data》. They have made some progress in their research.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The article mentions the following:

In this work, the vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary and multinary systems comprise perfume raw materials and ionic liquids have been computed using two different models: COSMO-RS, a solvation model, and UNIFAC, a group contribution method. For systems already well-known in the literature, a comparison with exptl. data was performed, and good agreement was observed with both models. Although UNIFAC was not applicable to nonparametrized ionic liquids, COSMO-RS proved very reliable in predicting the vapor-liquid equilibrium of solutions of perfume raw materials in new-to-the-world ionic liquids This opens the door for the prediction and modeling of new formulations for novel consumer products, prior to embarking on detailed exptl. investigations. And Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (cas: 4707-47-5) was used in the research process.

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate(4707-47-5) is used in biological study as role of androgens in inducing distinct response of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors in human prostate cancer cells.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Category: esters-buliding-blocksIn 2021, Li, Fu-xiao;Li, Dong-long;Wang, Hui-yi;Li, Qiu-feng;Liu, Ji-dong published 《Analysis of volatile flavor compounds of γ-aminobutyric acid soybean paste》. 《Xiandai Shipin Keji》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

To evaluate the flavor difference between com. soybean paste and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) bean paste, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to measure and analyze the volatile components and the common indexes in nine com. soybean paste samples (S1-S9) and the GABA soybean paste sample (S10) . The key volatile components were determined by principal component anal. (PCA) and odor activity value (OAV) . The results showed that 144 compounds in eight categories were detected in 10 soybean paste samples and the content of γ-aminobutyric acid in S10 reached 1.87 mg/g, the pH value was 4.69, and the color was bright without impurities. Among them, esters, alcs. and acids accounted for more than 60% of the total volatile components. Addnl., the results of PCA of 41 common volatile substances were identified in 10 soybean paste samples, demonstrating that 2-methyl-butyraldehyde, 3-methyl-butyraldehyde, dimethyl-trisulfide and guaiacol significantly contributed to the flavor formation of bean paste. Besides, the GABA soybean paste has a rich variety of flavors, in which the contents of 2-pentylfuran, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, guaiacol and di-Me trisulfide (which exhibited aromas of mung bean, nut and clove) were significantly higher than other samples. This could be the reason for some differences in flavor substances between GABA soybean paste and other samples. The results of this study could provide theor. reference for the development of functional soybean paste and the flavor improvement in soybean paste products. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 1-Phenylethyl acetate (cas: 93-92-5) .

1-Phenylethyl acetate(cas:93-92-5) is a carboxylic ester. Category: esters-buliding-blocks It may be prepared by acetylation of methyl phenyl carbinol; from 1-bromoethylbenzene and silver acetate in acetic acid; from benzaldehyde by reacting with magnesium methyl bromide and subsequent acetylation.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Naddeo, Marco;Vigliotta, Giovanni;Pellecchia, Claudio;Pappalardo, Daniela published 《Synthesis of bio-based polymacrolactones with pendant eugenol moieties as novel antimicrobial thermoplastic materials》 in 2020. The article was appeared in 《Reactive & Functional Polymers》. They have made some progress in their research.Related Products of 106-02-5 The article mentions the following:

In the last few decades there has been a continuous effort toward the synthesis of polymers from renewable resources. In this context we have presently developed novel and fully bio-based functionalized polymacrolactones bearing pendant eugenol moieties. These polymeric materials were obtained by exploiting the ring-opening copolymerization of two macrolactones, ω-6-hexadecenlactone (6HDL) and ω-pentadecalactone (PDL), both derived from renewable resources, in the presence of a pyridylamidozinc(II) complex, to produce random poly(6HDL-co-PDL) copolymers. Eugenol, a natural occurring essential oil with anti-microbial properties, was modified in its mercapto derivative, the 4-(3-mercaptopropyl)-2-methoxyphenol (TE). Subsequently, the thiol-ene addition reaction of the TE to the C-C double bond of the 6HDL monomeric units of the poly(6HDL-co-PDL) copolymers produced the functionalized polymacrolactones with pendant eugenol moieties. The melting temperatures and the thermal degradation behavior of the TE-functionalized copolymers were dependent on the copolymers composition The antimicrobial activity of TE-functionalized copolymers was tested for the bacterium E. coli on films. The toxicity of the samples was dependent on the amount of TE groups in the films. Our approach demonstrated the feasibility to covalently attach eugenol moieties to a polymacrolactone main chain and to impart antimicrobial properties to the macromol. chains.Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one (cas: 106-02-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one(cas:106-02-5) is a monomer used to make PGA-co-pentadecalactone polymers to be used in the development of directly compressed prolonged release tablets of slightly soluble drugs such as ketoprofen.Related Products of 106-02-5It may be used for the synthesis of poly(pentadecanolide) (PPDL) by Novozyme 435 catalyzed ring-opening polymerization.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reference of Oxacyclohexadecan-2-oneIn 2020, Polloni, Andre E.;Chiaradia, Viviane;do Amaral, Ronaldo Jose F. C.;Kearney, Cathal;Gorey, Brian;de Oliveira, Debora;de Oliveira, Jose V.;de Araujo, Pedro H. H.;Sayer, Claudia;Heise, Andreas published 《Polyesters with main and side chain phosphoesters as structural motives for biocompatible electrospun fibres》. 《Polymer Chemistry》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Phosphoester containing polymers are promising materials in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Utilizing thiol-ene chem., the synthesis of two novel structural polymer motives combining polyesters and phophoester groups was explored. The first polymer was obtained by coupling ene-functional poly(thioether-phosphoester) with thiol functional poly(pentadecalactone). While the coupling reaction was successful, yields remained low presumably due to inadequate endgroup stoichiometry. The second polymer comprised phosphoester side groups conjugated to unsaturated poly(globalide). Double bond conversions up to 84% were achieved depending of the type of phosphoester thiol and relative reactant ratios. The resulting polymers transitioned from solid semicrystaline to liquid amorphous with increasing degree of phosphoester conjugation. Electrospun fibers from polymers with 14% phosphoester conjugation allowed attachment and survival of human dermal fibroblasts, indicating their biocompatibility. These polymers represent a new class of easily accessible biocompatible polyester-phosphoester hybrid materials as potential building blocks for tunable biomaterials.Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one (cas: 106-02-5) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one(cas:106-02-5) is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica and Angelica archangelica.Reference of Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one It is a macrocyclic lactone that can be used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient due to its musk flavor/odor.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application In Synthesis of Diethyl cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate《A novel ring expansion of 1-carbethoxy-1,1-trimethylene-3-diazo-2-propanone》 was published in 1986. The authors were Miller, R. D.;Theis, W., and the article was included in《Tetrahedron Letters》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Gas phase pyrolysis of title compound I gave butenolide II via ring enlargement initiated by the intramol. reaction of the intermediate ketene III with the pendant ester group. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as Diethyl cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate (cas: 3779-29-1) .

Diethyl 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate(cas:3779-29-1 Application In Synthesis of Diethyl cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate) reacts with silicon to form diethyl esters and magnesium to form magnesium salts. The reaction time for this compound is short, which may be due to its ability to undergo debromination.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics