Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.540-10-3, Name is Hexadecyl palmitate, SMILES is CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O, belongs to esters-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Azhar, Sharifah Nurfadhlin Afifah Syed, introduce the new discover, Product Details of 540-10-3.
In vitro kinetic release study, antimicrobial activity and in vivo toxicity profile of a kojic acid ester-based nanoemulsion for topical application
Nanoemulsions have emerged as novel vehicles for drug delivery that allow sustained or controlled release for topical application. In this study, kojic acid ester-based nanoemulsion (KAE-NA) was analyzed for in vitro permeation evaluation, kinetic release study, in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo toxicity profile on embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). Based on KAE-NA in vitro permeation evaluation, the percentage of permeation was significantly improved from 4.94% at 1 h to 59.64% at 8 h of application. The permeation rate of KAE-NA at 8 h was 4659.50 mu g cm(-2) h(-1) (initial concentration, C-0 = 2000 mu g mL(-1)) with a permeability coefficient (K-p) value of 0.48 cm h(-1). The kinetic release analysis showed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model was the best fitted kinetic model with high linearity [R-2 = 0.9964]. Antimicrobial activity of KAE-NA was studied against the skin pathogen bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300. The results indicated that the inhibition zone size of the KAE-NA (8.00 +/- 0.0 mm) was slightly bigger than that of its active ingredient, kojic acid ester (6.5 +/- 0.0 mm). The toxicity profile of KAE-NA on embryonic zebrafish revealed less toxicity with LC50 (50% lethal concentration) more than 500 mu g mL(-1). The survival rate of the embryonic zebrafish was more than 80% when treated at doses ranging from 7.81-250 mu g mL(-1) and showed normal development throughout the experiment without any observed deformation. Hence, KAE-NA proved to be less toxic on the embryonic zebrafish.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 540-10-3 is helpful to your research. Product Details of 540-10-3.